Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dimer and polymer albumin was detected in the urine of a proportion of pantients with a nephrotic syndrome. Most of it was present as S-S bonded dimer and polymer; co-polymers, however, with IgG and alpha (1) anti-trypsin could be demonstrated. It is suggested that albumin polymerizes after it has passed the glomerular membrane. Albumin dimer was associated mainly with minimal change disease and early membranous glomerulopathy in patients, who in general responded well to therapy.
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PMID:Polymeric albumin in the urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome. 30 62

Monocytes of 95 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (ch.g.) tested in vitro demonstrated characteristics of activation in proliferative, and of functional suppression in mesangiocapillary glomerulopathy. Fc and C3 receptor function studied by rosette assay and metabolic potential measured by the NBT reduction test constituted result patterns. Receptor tests were supplemented with their counterparts after monocyte triggering with heat-inactivated sera and in case of NBT assay - stimulation with zymosan. Membranous, minimal change, mesangial and focal glomerulonephritis monocytes presented less specific configurations of data than those of proliferative and mesangiocapillary, with a uniform increase of trypsin-resistant Fc receptor activity. There was no appreciable correlation between the presence of circulating immune complexes (c.i.c.) in patient sera and parameters tested. The mesangiocapillary "suppression pattern" suggests mononuclear phagocyte defect in this glomerulopathy.
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PMID:Activity of circulating monocytes in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. 383 78

An increased number of mast cells (MCs) is found in renal specimens of patients with diseases associated with persistent chronic inflammation. MCs proliferation is partly dependent on the presence of T lymphocytes. Both chronic inflammation and T-lymphocytes are essential in the development of chronic rejection (CR), and probably for the infiltration of MCs. MC-derived products such as heparin, histamine, and serine proteases may be responsible for endothelial proliferation and excess collagen production by fibroblasts. In this study, a quantitative evaluation of the MCs infiltration in kidney allografts with CR is performed. The extent of renal fibrosis was analysed in samples stained with Masson's trichrome. To evaluate the potential relationship between MCs and fibrosis in CR we analysed 30 kidneys with CR (25 from nephrectomies and 5 from autopsies). Ten transplanted kidneys obtained from patients died by causes not related with rejection were used as controls. CR was graded according to the Banff schema, which assesses the degree of vasculopathy, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and transplantation glomerulopathy. Giemsa-stained sections and immunohistochemistry using anti-MC tryptase and c-kit monoclonal antibodies were used to detect MCs. The mean number of MCs per 20 high-power fields (HPF) in the transplanted kidney with CR was 101.8+/-15.3 in the renal cortex and 46.60+/-6.52 in the medulla. MCs were significantly more numerous in CR with respect to normal kidneys, both in the cortex (P<0.01; Mann-Whitney U test) and in the medulla (P<0.01; Mann-Whitney U test). There was a positive correlation between the number of MCs and extent of fibrosis (P<0.01; Kruskal-Wallis one-way anova test) and tubular atrophy (P<0.01). These results suggest that MCs may play a role in the process of development of interstitial fibrosis in CR.
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PMID:Mast cells in chronic rejection of human renal allografts. 1099 77

Eleven renal biopsy specimens from patients with lupus membranous glomerulopathy (LMGN) and 16 from patients with primary (nonlupus) membranous glomerulopathy (NLMGN) for whom light, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy, and full clinical data were available were examined quantitatively. As a control 10 biopsy specimens of the kidneys removed because of trauma were used. Morphometric investigations were performed by means of a computer image analysis system to evaluate whether mast cells have a role in tubulointerstitial fibrosis in lupus and nonlupus membranous glomerulopathy and to examine the relationship between mast cells and interstitial alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression as well as interstitial infiltrates. The morphometric study revealed that the mean values of interstitial tryptase positive cells, expression of alpha-SMA, interstitial volume, CD68+, CD45RB+, CD43+ and CD20+ cells were significantly increased in LMGN as compared with NLMGN. In both LMGN and NLMGN groups there were significant positive correlations between interstitial tryptase positive cells and interstitial expression of alpha-SMA, interstitial volume, serum creatinine as well as CD68+ cells. The present data suggest that in cases of membranous glomerulopathy with a large number of interstitial mast cells systemic lupus erythematosus should be taken into consideration, even if this aetiology was not clinically suggested at the time of biopsy. Additionally, in both LMGN and NLMGN significant positive correlations between interstitial mast cell count and relative interstitial volume support the role of these cells in the development of interstitial fibrosis, however this relationship needs further investigations.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of interstitial mast cells in lupus and non-lupus membranous glomerulopathy. 1191 83

In primary glomerulonephritis the degree of interstitial fibrosis governs the renal function. Mast cells participate in renal interstitial fibrosis, but its role remains poorly understood. Some of human mast cells contain chymase and chymase may participate in local angiotensin formation. Material consisted of 35 renal biopsies. The diagnoses included diabetic nephropathy, mesangial glomerulopathy, IgA glomerulopathy and membranous glomerulopathy. Chymase and tryptase-positive cells were stained by immunohistochemistry and counted. Relative interstitial volume (RIV) was measured by point counting method. The density of tryptase-positive cells was 5.26 per 10 high power fields; the density of chymase-positive cells was 2.72. The counts were higher than in controls and highest in diabetic nephropathy. Creatinine serum level was related to density of chymase-positive cells (R = 0.57), density of tryptase-positive cells (R = 0.59) and RIV (R = 0.77). On multiple regression analysis creatinine level was influenced by RIV but also by density of chymase-positive cells. Our findings indicate that both types of mast cells are present in renal interstitium in diabetes and glomerulonephritis, and may influence the renal function. Chymase-positive cells may be more important in this regard.
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PMID:Increased mast cell density in renal interstitium is correlated with relative interstitial volume, serum creatinine and urea especially in diabetic nephropathy but also in primary glomerulonephritis. 1807 65

The application of molecular techniques to characterize clinical kidney biopsies has the potential to provide insights into glomerular diseases that cannot be revealed by traditional renal pathology. The present work is a proof-of-concept approach to test whether proteomic analysis of glomeruli isolated from clinical biopsies by laser capture microdissection can provide unique information regarding differentially expressed proteins relevant to disease pathogenesis. The proteomes of glomeruli isolated by laser capture microdissection from biopsies of normal kidneys (living-related donor kidneys) were compared with those from patients with diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and fibronectin glomerulopathy. Glomerular proteins were extracted, trypsin digested, and subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for identification and quantitation. Relative to normal glomeruli, all disease-associated glomeruli showed an increased presence of complement components, a marked decline in podocyte-associated proteins, and a decrease in proteins associated with cellular metabolism. Additionally, fibronectin glomerulopathy glomeruli differed from all the other glomeruli because of a significant accumulation of fibronectin and fibulin. This study demonstrates that our method acquires reproducible and quantitative proteomic information from laser capture microdissection isolates that can be used to characterize the molecular features of glomerular diseases.
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PMID:Characterization of glomerular diseases using proteomic analysis of laser capture microdissected glomeruli. 2228 4