Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of immunohistochemical procedures has been especially marked in the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma and such procedures have become widely used. The necessity of using immunohistochemical procedures as a diagnostic tool is thus increasing, but there are some problems and points that should be borne in mind, together with the attendant advantages, when making a practical immunohistochemical diagnosis. Selection of antibodies: It is important to make a careful check of a commercially available antibody in terms of the grade of antibody quality. Specificity of antibody: The pathologist should remember that proteins such as alpha-1-antitrypsin and S-100 protein are present not only in one type of cell but also in several other types. Since mast cells often present in soft tissue sarcoma frequently show positive findings, these findings should not be interpreted as a positive indication of the presence of tumor cells. Patients with negative findings should be diagnosed carefully. In the assessment of intermediate filaments, it is necessary to perform pretreatment with trypsin. There are limitations in differentiation from cancer and the evaluation of whether the lesion is benign or malignant. Since immunohistochemical procedures are very effective for diagnosing heterogeneous tumors (Triton tumor, etc.), they should be actively applied for this purpose.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemistry of soft tissue sarcoma]. 243 12

Growing rats and adult weight-stable mice bearing a transplantable methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma were compared with animals with various states of malnutrition. Heart protein synthesis was measured in vivo. Myocardial RNA, myofibrillar protein composition and the Ca2+-activated ATPase activity in heavy chains of native myosin were measured. 'Fingerprints' were made from myosin by trypsin treatment to evaluate possible structural changes in the protein. Cardiac protein-synthesis rate was decreased by 20% in growing tumour-bearing rats, by 35% in protein-malnourished (rats) and by 47% in starved rats, compared with freely fed controls (P less than 0.05). Adult tumour-bearing mice showed no significant decrease in myocardial protein synthesis. Pair-weighed control mice had significantly depressed heart protein synthesis. Protein translational efficiency was maintained in both tumour-bearing rats and mice, but was decreased in several groups of malnourished control animals. The Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity was decreased in all groups of malnourished animals, including tumour-bearing mice and rats, without any evidence of a change in cardiac isomyosin composition. We conclude that loss of cardiac muscle mass in tumour disease is communicated by both depressed synthesis and increased degradation largely owing to anorexia and host malnutrition. Increased adrenergic sensitivity in hearts from tumour-bearing and malnourished animals is not communicated by increased Ca2+-activated ATPase activity. This may be down-regulated in all groups with malnutrition, without any observable alterations in the isomyosin profile.
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PMID:Protein synthesis, myosin ATPase activity and myofibrillar protein composition in hearts from tumour-bearing rats and mice. 248 44

125I-labelled alpha 2-macroglobulin complexed with trypsin bound to human cancer cell lines (HTB 144, CRL 1427, CCL 30, HB 8065, CCL 2, CRL 1593) but to a lesser degree than to normal cells. Malignant transformation of murine BALB/c 3T3 cells with Kirsten sarcoma virus caused a 50% reduction in the alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complex binding. Two cloned revertants derived from the malignant BALB/c 3T3 cells did not induce tumors upon syngrafting. One exhibited normal binding and the other reduced binding. A reduced alpha 2M-proteinase complex binding is thus common in tumor cells but is not a unique property of the malignant state.
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PMID:Low alpha 2-macroglobulin-proteinase complex binding: a common but not exclusive characteristic of malignant cells. 248 39

The secretion of elevated levels of proteinases is considered to be a distinct property of most transformed cells. The cellular and secreted levels of plasminogen activators and collagenases have been examined in the nonmalignant human osteosarcoma (HOS), the malignant Kirsten murine sarcoma virus transformed (KHOS/NP), the temperature sensitive revertant of virus transformed HOS (KHOS-240S) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine transformed HOS (MNNG/HOS) clones. Virus and MNNG transformed clones exhibit 100- and 7-fold higher cellular and and 270- and 30-fold higher extracellular plasminogen activator (PA) activity as compared with untransformed HOS controls. The cellular PA activity of the revertant clone is similar to but the secreted level is slightly higher than the HOS controls. SDS-PAGE in the presence of casein and plasminogen is consistent with the major PA species of urinary type (u-PA) and with the absence of PA inhibitor in the parent and revertant clones. The cellular levels of active collagenase are low in all the clones. However, on activation by trypsin, the two active collagenase bands of similar intensity are observed for all the lines in SDS-PAGE in the presence of gelatin. While there appears to be some elevation of secreted collagenase prior to trypsin activation, the activated collagenases appear to have the same size and activity in all of the clones.
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PMID:Synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activators and collagenases in human cells transformed by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. 256 62

In the present study, we have examined the immunoreactive levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and trypsin-inhibitory capacity (TIC) in the serum of patients with malignant tumors occurring in the oral region. AAT in the MFH group showed significantly high (468 +/- 129 mg/dl, mean +/- SD (n = 4)) as compared to those of other types of sarcoma groups (236 +/- 28 mg/dl, (n = 5)) and healthy controls (226 +/- 36 mg/dl, (n = 75)) (p less than 0.05). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) also had increased levels of AAT (269 +/- 35 mg/dl, (n = 18)), but there was no significant difference among other groups including healthy controls. TIC of patients with MFH was higher (2.29 +/- 0.42 IU/ml, (n = 4)) than in the SCC group (1.44 +/- 0.25 IU/ml, (n = 18)), other sarcoma groups 1.21 +/- 0.16 IU/ml, (n = 5)) and controls (1.55 +/- 0.15 IU/ml, (n = 75)). These data suggest that the elevation of AAT and TIC would be helpful in the diagnosis of MFH.
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PMID:Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin in patients with malignant tumors occurring in the oral region. 282 19

F344 male rats were given 90 ppm diethylnitrosamine in their drinking water ad libitum in two cycles. Livers containing neoplastic nodules, hepatomas, and no sarcomas in the sections sampled were digested in parallel with 0.05% collagenase, 0.1% Pronase, or 0.25% trypsin. Cells were transplanted into 9- to 19-day-old F344 rats. Despite the absence of sarcomas in the sections examined microscopically from each such liver before digestion and the presence of multiple hepatomas in all sections examined, vascular sarcomas, probably angiosarcomas, were observed in a large proportion of animals injected with the suspensions of cells; hepatomas were not observed in these animals. Morphology by light microscopy, immunohistochemical demonstration of factor VIII, histochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase, and the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies strongly suggest that these tumors are angiosarcomas. Similar tumors developed from cells obtained in parallel with the aid of Pronase, collagenase, or trypsin. Cell suspensions obtained with Pronase yielded tumors with the shortest latent period between the injection of cells and the death of one-half of the transplant recipients. The procedure that we used provides a consistent method for the production of transplantable sarcomas. The absence of sarcomas in the single sections taken from donor livers and multiple sections of similar livers not used for transplantation suggests that transplantability of these sarcoma cells is acquired very early in this neoplasm.
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PMID:Vascular sarcomas (probably angiosarcomas) transplanted from suspensions of liver cells from diethylnitrosamine-treated rats. 299 44

A novel gelatin-binding 21 kDa protein was identified in the culture medium of fibroblastic and sarcoma cells by affinity chromatography on gelatin-Sepharose. Its affinity for gelatin was lower than that of the other gelatin-binding proteins, fibronectin and the 70 kDa protein, as judged by stepwise elution by urea and arginine. The protein bound also to spermine and to some extent to heparin but not to staphylococcal protein A, bovine serum albumin, concanavalin A or plain Sepharose 4B. In gel filtration chromatography the protein eluted in fractions differing from those of fibronectin and the Mr 70,000 protein and retained its ability to bind to gelatin-Sepharose, indicating that the binding was not mediated by the two other gelatin-binding proteins. It contains intrachain disulfide bridges, as judged by analysis under nonreducing and reducing conditions. The protein is composed of two major subtypes with pI values of 5.85-6.10 and 6.55-6.75. It was sensitive to trypsin but not to collagenase or thrombin. Antiserum was raised in rabbits against the gelatin-binding proteins isolated from serum-free conditioned fibroblast culture medium. The antiserum reacted with fibronectin, the Mr 70,000 protein and the Mr 21,000 protein in immunoprecipitation experiments. Absorption of the antiserum with human plasma fibronectin did not decrease its reactivity with the Mr 70,000 and 21,000 proteins. However, absorption with the Mr 70,000 protein abolished also the reactivity against the Mr 21,000 protein, suggesting immunological cross-reactivity. The protein was synthesized independently from the Mr 70,000 protein, as shown by pulse-chase labeling experiments of cells. The production of the Mr 21,000 protein in cultured cells was enhanced by transforming growth factor-beta.
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PMID:Characterization of a novel gelatin-binding 21 kDa protein secreted by cultured adherent cells. 301 29

Antineoplastic effects of carnosine (CAR) and beta-alanine (ALA), were examined in vivo using ddY mice implanted with the solid tumor Sarcoma-180. The sarcoma was treated with trypsin, 10(5) cells were implanted subcutaneously in the back of the animals, and CAR and ALA were administered subcutaneously 2 cm from the implantation site starting on the next day. The animals treated with ALA alone showed prolongation of survival to a T/C value of 132%; the growth of the tumor was inhibited and mortality reduced in those treated with CAR alone. Regression of the tumor was observed in the animals treated with either drug. The effects of these agents were enhanced when administered in combination with the non-specific active immuno-enhancing agent OK-432. More than half the animals treated with CAR and OK-432 survived the observation period (T/C greater than 218%), and survival was prolonged in those treated with ALA and OK-432 to a T/C value of 132%. The agents also showed potent antineoplastic effects on Sarcoma-180 when the tumor had been attenuated in vivo with mitomycin C (MMC).
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PMID:[Antineoplastic effects of carnosine and beta-alanine--physiological considerations of its antineoplastic effects]. 310 21

The electrophoretic and spectral analyses have been used to show the possibility to form a complex consisting of doxorubicin and adriamycin with heparin, the molar ratio being 6:1 and pH 4.8-7.4. Doxorubicin and adriamycin had procoagulant properties but the doxorubicin-heparin complex showed an anticoagulant activity. In experiments on rats with the Pliss lymphosarcoma and sarcoma 45 the doxorubicin-heparin complex depressed more efficiently the tumour growth and metastasis spreading. The combination of doxorubicin and the doxorubicin heparin complex with the trypsin-heparin complex which imitate the hyperfunction of anticoagulative system markedly increased the antitumour effects.
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PMID:[Action of doxorubicin and a doxorubicin-heparin complex on the growth and metastasis of experimental tumors and the hemostatic system indices]. 318 Oct 77

Mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was purified from serum through a series of steps, and each step was monitored for L-cell cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor-necrotizing activity in vivo. The two activities copurified and could not be dissociated. Purified mouse TNF has a specific activity of 2.2 X 10(7) (L-cell assay in the absence of actinomycin D) and 1 microgram causes necrosis of the standard TNF-sensitive sarcoma Meth A. TNF has a Mr of 39,000 +/- 2000 by gel filtration and a Mr of 16,000-18,000 by NaDodSO4/PAGE. Both molecular weight forms display cytotoxic and necrotizing activities. TNF has a pI of 3.9 and is destroyed by trypsin, protease, elastase, and alpha-chymotrypsin but not by neuraminidase or papain. These characteristics of nonrecombinant mouse TNF clearly resemble those of recombinant human and mouse TNF.
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PMID:Purification, characterization, and antitumor activity of nonrecombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor. 352 May 61


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