Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum total amylase, pancreatic and salivary isoamylase, lipase and trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) were measured in 16 patients with acute pancreatitis, 37 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 11 patients with pancreatic cancer, and 53 control subjects in order to evaluate the relative value of these tests in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. In acute pancreatitis patients studied within 2 days from the onset of pain all pancreatic enzymes were abnormally high. In chronic pancreatitis patients serum pancreatic isoamylase and TLI were abnormally low in 8 out of 10 patients with severely impaired pancreatic exocrine function, while lipase was abnormally low in 6 patients. During acute exacerbations of the disease elevated levels of pancreatic isoamylase and lipase, but not of TLI, were found in about one third of cases. In patients with pancreatic cancer the pattern of changes in serum pancreatic enzymes was variable since levels within, below and above the normal range were found. The results demonstrate that in acute pancreatitis all serum pancreatic enzymes had the same diagnostic sensitivity, however serum lipase determination is the most convenient because of its simplicity and low cost. In chronic pancreatitis serum pancreatic isoamylase and TLI may be useful in detecting severe pancreatic insufficiency. In pancreatic cancer serum pancreatic enzymes lack diagnostic specificity.
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PMID:Comparative study of serum pancreatic isoamylase, lipase, and trypsin-like immunoreactivity in pancreatic disease. 619 34

The concentrations of pancreatic amylase, immunoreactive trypsin, and immunoreactive pancreatic specific trypsin inhibitor have been studied in serum drawn from 258 patients before an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination, in which both ducts were successfully filled. The results are correlated to the morphology of the ducts and the diagnosis given at the ERCP examination. One third of the patients with normal morphology of both ducts showed an abnormal concentration of at least one of the measured specific pancreatic proteins. Sixteen out of 38 patients with changes suggestive of chronic pancreatitis and 6 out of 23 patients with changes suggestive of pancreatic cancer showed normal levels of all variables measured. The sensitivity and specificity for pancreatic disease evident by ERCP were around 0.40 and 0.80, respectively, for all three proteins.
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PMID:Correlation between serum concentrations of three specific exocrine pancreatic proteins and pancreatic duct morphology at ERCP examinations. 620 96

We succeeded in an establishment of a human pancreatic cancer cell line (PK-1) from liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Primary pancreatic cancer cells grew as islands surrounded by fibroblastic cells. However, these fibroblastic cells were gradually omitted by the polygonal shaped cancer cells. This cell line contained neither zymogen granules nor trypsin indicating that this pancreatic cancer originated from pancreatic duct cells. Modal chromosome numbers of this cell line were 42 and 72 and the doubling time was 48 hr. This cell line was transplantable in athymic nude mice to form progressive tumors which had histology similar to that of the original cancer (papillotubular adenocarcinoma). Neither AFP nor ferritin but CEA was detected on the surface and in the cytoplasm of this cell line in indirect immunofluorescence. Rabbit antiserum against this pancreatic cancer cell line detected pancreatic cancer associated antigen besides CEA in the culture supernatant. This antiserum reacted with sera from patients with pancreatic cancer to form a distinct precipitin line in agarose gel which fused with the precipitin line formed between the culture supernatant of this cell line and the antiserum.
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PMID:Establishment of a human pancreatic cancer cell line and detection of pancreatic cancer associated antigen. 620 69

We have reviewed the growth-promoting and carcinogenic effects of feeding raw soya flour to rats. If the raw soya flour-containing diets are fed for more than a year, about 10% of the animals develop pancreatic cancer. In addition, feeding raw soya flour markedly potentiates the action of even subthreshold amounts of pancreatic carcinogens. The raw soya flour therefore acts as a potent promoter, as well as a weak carcinogen. In view of this promotion, the rat fed raw soya flour is a sensitive model for screening pancreatic carcinogens. It is not known whether the human pancreas responds to dietary trypsin inhibitors in a manner similar to the rat. However, in view of the use of soya-based products in human nutrition--especially in infant foods--we urge that the effect of all soya-based products intended for human use be tested on the rat pancreas in long-term feeding studies, combined with subthreshold doses of azaserine to highlight any promoting activity of the product. It seems probable that if a product exerts no effect on the rat pancreas, the human pancreas will also be spared from noxious effects.
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PMID:Effects of soybean flour on the pancreas of rats. 620 16

The ratio between urinary clearance of cathodic trypsin-like immunoreactivity and creatinine clearance (CTr/CCr ratio) was evaluated as a test for pancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatic diseases and gastrointestinal diseases clinically mistakable for pancreatic cancer. The efficiency of the CTr/CCr ratio in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was no better than the urinary clearances of albumin and beta2-microglobulin to creatinine clearance (CA1b/CCr ratio and C beta 2m/CCr ratio). An overall positive association was found between the three ratios. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between proteinuria and elevation of any of the ratios--as well as between proteinuria and the degree of cancer dissemination. The latter was positively associated with elevation of any of the three ratios. The results point to a changed renal handling of proteins due to cancer disease per se as the mechanism causing elevated CTr/CCr ratios in pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:The use and mechanism of urinary clearance of cathodic trypsin-like immunoreactivity to creatinine clearance ratio in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. 634 35

The clinical value of estimation of serum concentrations of immunoreactive trypsin was evaluated by studying 46 healthy controls, 23 controls in hospital, 44 patients with chronic pancreatic disease, and 184 patients with non-pancreatic conditions in which pancreatic disease commonly enters into the differential diagnosis. Serum trypsin concentration had a log normal distribution in the controls, and the calculated normal range was considerably wider than that previously reported. The concentration was abnormal in only 13 out of 27 patients with chronic pancreatitis and was extremely variable in patients with pancreatic cancer. Abnormal results occurred in 11% of the patients with non-pancreatic disease. Eighteen patients had a subnormal trypsin concentration, of whom six did not have pancreatic disease and 12 had either chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. There was no correlation between serum trypsin concentration and mean tryptic activity as measured by the Lundh test. Of 11 patients with pancreatic steatorrhoea, only seven had subnormal trypsin concentrations. There results suggest that the serum concentrations of immunoreactive trypsin has a low specificity and sensitivity for pancreatic disease and does no reflect the degree exocrine insufficiency in patients with proved chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Clinical value of serum immunoreactive trypsin concentration. 679 70

CEA concentration in juice collected during the Secretin-Pancreozymin test, and cytology were evaluated in order to establish whether they may be used as an aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma before resorting to x-ray examinations. Thirty-three subjects were studied: 6 normal subjects, 12 with chronic pancreatitis, 3 after recovery from acute pancreatitis, 8 with gall-stones, 3 with carcinoma of the pancreas and 1 with cancer of the biliary tract. Three duodenal juice samples (at 30, 60 and 90 mins of hormonal infusion) were taken in each subject for CEA, cytology, bicarbonate and trypsin determinations. Although a significant statistical difference was noted between normal subjects and patients with carcinoma of the pancreas in the 30-min-juice sample, CEA concentration in the duodenal juice did not seem a reliable index in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. The information provided by cytology was also very scanty and sometimes misleading. The clinical picture and radiological investigation still remain the surest basis for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:CEA concentration and cytology in duodenal fluid collected during the Secretin-Pancreozymin test. Attempt at an early diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma by means of simple procedure. 746 95

Serum markers such as pancreatic enzymes and tumor markers are useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Among 40 cases of pancreatic cancer, elevated values were observed for immunoreactive elastase (IRE) in 70% and for CA19-9 in 73%. Elevated serum IRE was observed more frequently in head cancer and resectable cancer, whereas elevation in CA19-9 occurred more often in body-tail cancer and unresectable cancer. Elevation of serum IRE and CA19-9 are useful for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer but it is not specific for pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we studied the clinical usefulness of a combination assay of various serum markers such as CA19-9, lipase, serum iron, amylase, albumin globulin ratio, tissue polypeptide antigen, immunoreactive trypsin, and CA125 using the logistic regression analysis. This assay showed higher sensitivity and high specificity for pancreatic cancer than CA19-9. This combination assay may be very useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:[Early detection of pancreatic cancer by serum markers]. 751 Nov 83

To investigate the factors affecting endothelial-cell retraction, we have studied the interaction of tumor cells with endothelial cells in 2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, PSN-1 and MiaPaca-2. The extent of endothelial-cell retraction measured by the amount of intercellular junctional transport of FITC-dextran through an endothelial monolayer was increased by the addition of a conditioned medium (CM) from both cell lines, while CM from PSN-1 cells was 2 to 3 times more potent than that from MiaPaca-2 cells. After the treatment of endothelial monolayer with CM of PSN-1 cells, the ability of both PSN-1 cells and MiaPaca cells to adhere to or invade the monolayer increased. The addition of CM from PSN-1 cells did not affect the growth rate of either the endothelial or the tumor cells. The activity in the CM was heat-stable and bound to heparin-Sepharose, but was inactivated when treated by 0.5% trypsin. Protease inhibitors did not influence the activity. Pre-treatment of PSN-1 cells by an inhibitor of protein synthesis, cycloheximide, or of protein processing, benzyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide, reduced endothelial-cell-retraction activity in the CM. The active substance in the CM fractionated in the molecular-weight range of 10,000 to 50,000. These results suggest that PSN-1 cells produce and secrete (a) soluble factor(s) that can induce endothelial-cell retraction, thus facilitating tumor-cell invasion.
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PMID:Enhancement of in vitro tumor-cell transcellular migration by tumor-cell-secreted endothelial-cell-retraction factor. 755 37

We previously demonstrated that two human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, CFPAC-1 (established from a patient with cystic fibrosis) and CAPAN-1, were able to secrete trypsinogens 1 and 2 specifically. In order to analyze the relation of trypsin secretion to differentiation and cell growth, we undertook a comparative study of immunoreactive trypsin 1 (IRT) secretion by the two cell lines during cell growth in the presence and in the absence of various differentiating agents: sodium butyrate (NaBut), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and dexamethasone (DX). In the presence of NaBut, IRT levels in the supernatants of both cell lines were slightly increased, whereas the cellular growth of both cell lines decreased significantly. In the presence of DX, IRT levels in cell culture conditioned media immediately and dramatically decreased, but the cell growth of neither cell line was affected by DX. An important increase in IRT levels was observed when CFPAC-1 cells and CAPAN-1 cells were grown in the presence of DMSO, but for both cell lines the cellular growth decreased in the presence of DMSO. Our data show that neither the IRT secretion level nor the differentiation state of these cell lines correlates with cellular growth, and suggests that the expression of pancreatic proteases by these two tumor cell lines could be either related to a common stem cell with this potential or to a possible acinar origin of pancreatic cancer, as recently proposed by others.
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PMID:Trypsinogen expression by two human pancreatic cell lines CFPAC-1 and CAPAN-1. Modulation during spontaneous and induced cell growth. 780 13


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