Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The proteolytic activity of different proteinases during chronic otitis media can be inhibited by alpha-2-macroglobulin and alpha-1-antitrypsin. A new low molecular (13,000) acid stable and polyvalent proteinase inhibitor could be investigated in the middle ear secretion from patients with cholesteatoma and chronic otitis media. We believe that this inhibitor is identical with the low molecular inhibitor of bronchial mucus and the nasal fluid. This inhibitor shows a high anti proteolytic capacity and can inactive trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase and leucocytic preoteinases. The inhibitor is not detectable in any case. We could find it in 55 cases, three specimens of middle ear secretions obtained no acid stable inhibitor. It is present in the secretion in a masked form by in situ-reaction with leucocytic proteinases. By denaturating deproteinizing it is liberated out of the complex with proteinases and can be measured. The investigations demonstrate that the level of the inhibitor varies during the course of a chronic otitis media. In the postoperative phase the inhibitor concentrations were clearly higher than preoperatively. A steep drop of inhibitor can be observed in cases of chronic otitis with the symptomatology of an acute inflammation. In cases with a chronic inflammation the inhibitor level seems to remain low. The decrease of the inhibitor is explained as a using up effect during reaction between inhibitor and leucocytic proteinases. We believe that this inhibitor in the middle ear secretion results from a limited proteolysis and splitting of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor by a proteolytic enzyme, possibly by kallikrein.
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PMID:[The investigation of a low molecular acid stable proteinase inhibitor in the middle ear secretion (author's transl)]. 14 Sep 59

Hydrolytic activity of lysosomal cathepsins B and H, and trypsin-like proteases in 115 middle ear effusions (MEEs, 40 serous and 75 mucoid) from chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) patients was measured and compared to that in plasma. The activity of both cathepsins in MEEs was significantly higher than that in plasma (p less than 0.01), and cathepsin B activity in mucoid MEEs was also significantly higher than that in serous MEEs (p less than 0.01). The activity of trypsin-like proteases was very weak in both MEEs and plasma. Profiles of various inhibitors indicated the qualitative difference of proteolytic enzymes between MEEs and plasma. Mucoid MEEs had significantly higher activity of thiol proteases than serous ones (p less than 0.01). Cathepsin B-like lysosomal thiol proteases, derived mainly from macrophages, could become a major proteolytic factor to perpetuate and amplify the inflammatory reaction of chronic OME.
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PMID:Lysosomal thiol proteases in middle ear effusions. 308 62

Allergic adenoiditis is defined as the presence of numerous brightly fluorescent IgE mast cells (FIEMC) demonstrated in formalin-fixed adenoid tissue by the trypsin-immunofluorescent method. A prospective study of 606 routinely accessioned cases seen during a 39-month period revealed 98 positive cases. Correlation with clinical and other allergic diagnostic testing revealed a sensitivity of 58% and a specificity of 89%. The pathogenetic role of allergy in chronic otitis media with effusion appears to be related to an exaggerated immediate hypersensitivity response to an allergen and/or infectious agent leading to dysfunction of the eustachian tube. The proximity and shared mucosa of adenoid tissue and eustachian tube allow the recognition of this inflammatory event.
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PMID:Detection of allergic disease in adenoid tissue. 636 80

In the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media (COM), much attention is paid to the molecular mechanisms of local inflammatory reactions in which mast cells (MCs) may be involved due to their role not only in allergic but also inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to assess the density of mast cells in chronic otitis media in relationship to different clinical courses of COM, bacterial infections and types of disease. The MCs expression was measured immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded granulation tissue specimens taken during surgery, by staining with a monoclonal antibody against tryptase. The density of tryptase-positive mast cells was lower in tissue samples from the group with a good clinical course than in those from the group with poor healing and recurrence (p = 0.006). There were no differences between the groups of patients with granulomatous and cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media (p = 0.66) or between the groups of patients with and without bacterial infection (p = 0.30), although the density of mast cells was lower for those with Pseudomonas aeruginosa/Proteus sp./ /Staphylococcus MRSA infection. In conclusion, the expression of mast cells in chronic otitis media granulation tissue was found to differ depending on the clinical course of the disease, but not on bacterial infection or type of COM. This may suggest that mast cells contribute to the maintenance of the inflammatory process, but not to antibacterial defense in chronic otitis media.
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PMID:Participation of mast cells in chronic otitis media. 2203 29