Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A model of acute necroto-hemorrhagic pancreatitis was prepared by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate-trypsin solution directly into the pancreatic duct of the rat. Fourty eight hours before the preparation of acute pancreatitis, intraductal injection of 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.4% sodium taurocholate-trypsin solution as mild irritant was able to decrease the mortality to 27%, 17% and 17% respectively. The maximal elevation of the serum amylase concentration in acute pancreatitis was decreased to 43%, 47% and 54%, respectively. Microscopic examination of the pancreatic tissue of the rats which were alive after pretreatment of mild irritants showed that the acute pancreatitis was milder and there was a tendency to change to chronic pancreatitis. Thus, we conclude that there is a phenomenon of adaptive cytoprotection on the exocrine pancreas in rats. The mechanisms of the phenomenon remain to be explored.
 ...
PMID:[The adaptive cytoprotection of exocrine pancreas in rats]. 260 56

It is indicated that in patients with chronic pancreatitis, lipid peroxidation is activated during disease exacerbation and is reduced in the course of the clinical recovery. Activation of lipid peroxidation is associated with the increasing functional activity of neutrophils stimulated in turn by high trypsin content in blood. In the authors' opinion, such a closed mechanism (trypsin-functional activity of neutrophils-lipid peroxidation-trypsin) determines the maintenance of chronic pancreatitis exacerbation. The therapeutic recommendations are provided.
 ...
PMID:[Mechanisms of activation and the role of lipid peroxidation in exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis]. 272 15

Altogether 25 patients with peptic ulcer and 26 patients with chronic pancreatitis were examined for gastric and pancreatic secretion. Histamine dihydrochloride (0.008-0.024 mg/kg) was employed to stimulate gastric secretion whereas cholecystokinin (2U/kg/h) and calcium gluconate (16 mg/kg) were used to stimulate pancreatic secretion. Lidocain (1.2 mg/kg), a blocker of Ca2+-channels, and lithium hydroxybutyrate (12 mg/kg), a blocker of phosphatidylinositol transformations, were employed for suppression of gastric and pancreatic secretion. The content of HCl, pepsinogen, fucose, cAMP and cGMP was measured in gastric juice, that of bicarbonates, amylase, lipase, trypsin, cAMP and cGMP in pancreatic juice. It has been shown that mechanisms dependent on cAMP and on extra- and intracellular Ca2+ are involved in the initiation and maintenance of gastric and pancreatic secretion. However, the contribution of those mechanisms is different as applied to the regulation of ions and enzymes, on the one hand, and to various enzymes, on the other.
 ...
PMID:[General mechanisms of regulation of the activity of the stomach and pancreas in peptic ulcer and chronic pancreatitis]. 272 25

Two groups of biological methods are commonly used to evaluate the exocrine pancreatic function: tests which require tubes for the collection of duodenal juice and the tubeless tests which are indirect tests of pancreatic function. In this study we have attempted to improve a new test: the test of haptocorrin degradation (THD). This test measures the transfer of labelled cobalamin from haptocorrin to the intrinsic factor which is provoked by the degradation of the haptocorrin by proteases in the duodenal juice. We present the results of this test in 90 patients with chronic pancreatitis. THD was first assayed with basal duodenal juice collected by naso duodenal tubing during secretin cerulein stimulation. In this study the sensitivity and specificity of THD was 0.86 and 0.93, respectively. In the second part of this study we demonstrated that the means of collecting duodenal juice had no effect on the results of THD. Duodenal juice was collected during a secretin cerulein test or during a routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after pancreatic stimulation with secretin. The sensitivity and specificity of THD was 0.90 and 0.94, respectively, when duodenal juice was collected during endoscopy. THD was significantly correlated with the NBT-PABA test, steatorrhea, and with the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the duodenal juice. In this study, NBT-PABA was less sensitive than THD for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (sensitivity was 0.70 and 0.89, respectively). The specificity of THD was estimated at 0.94. THD seemed to be a valuable adjunct to test pancreatic function. As upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is usually performed in patients with proved or suspected chronic pancreatitis, THD seems to have a place of choice among the other tests of pancreatic exocrine function. Further evaluation of this test by a multicentric prospective trial is now needed.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of exocrine pancreatic function by the haptocorrin degradation test of the duodenal fluid collected by endoscopy]. 273 91

Basal immunoreactive serum trypsin (RIT) was determined in comparative study of 46 patients with adrenocortical hyperfunction and 24 patients with hypocorticism for specifying the potentialities of the diagnostic test. Excess of endogenous corticosteroids is accompanied by a marked increase in the RIT serum concentration, this increase is particularly pronounced in Itsenko-Cushing syndrome and in exacerbations of Itsenko-Cushing disease in comparison with its level in Itsenko-Cushing disease remission. The presence of steroid diabetes had no significant RIT changes in Itsenko-Cushing disease. Attendant chronic pancreatitis that developed in patients with adrenocortical hyperfunction had no influence on blood serum RIT content. In patients with adrenal steroid deficiency who did not take glucocorticoids the serum RIT concentration was lower than that in those who constantly used hormones. RIT is increased in cases of chronic pancreatitis combined with chronic adrenal insufficiency. Measurement of the basal serum RIT may contribute to the diagnosis of pancreatitis in patients with hypocorticism but provides no information on this pathology in patients with endogenous hypercorticism.
 ...
PMID:[Immunoreactive trypsin in the blood serum of patients with endogenous hypercorticism]. 277 53

The content of fibrin fibrinogen splitting products (FSP), radioimmune trypsin, C-peptide and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 in the blood of 82 patients with acute pancreatitis (edematous and hemorrhagic), and chronic recurrent pancreatitis at the stage of exacerbation, 42 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 34 patients with cancer of the pancreas (stages III-IV) and 22 healthy persons were studied. Results indicate a high diagnostic value of determination FSP, trypsin and C-peptide in patients with acute pancreatitis and chronic recurring pancreatitis at the stage of exacerbation, trypsin and C-peptide in patients with chronic pancreatitis associated with severe exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas, KA 19-9 in patients with cancer of the pancreas.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory diagnosis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer]. 280 Apr 94

An in-vitro test of degradation of haptocorrin, a cobalamin-binding glycoprotein, was used to diagnose exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. This radioisotopic test (TDH) required only 50 microliters duodenal juice collected during endoscopy after stimulation with 1 U/kg secretin intravenously. The initial reaction mixture, composed of salivary haptocorrin saturated with cobalt-57-labelled cyanocobalamin and unsaturated intrinsic factor, was incubated with 25 microliters duodenal juice. The percentage of degraded haptocorrin was estimated from the proportion of labelled cyanocobalamin that was transferred from haptocorrin to intrinsic factor. The TDH result was 41.6 +/- 31.7% (SD) in a group of chronic pancreatitis patients (n = 22) and 91.5 +/- 4.8% in the control group (n = 47). The sensitivity and specificity for exocrine pancreatic dysfunction were estimated as 0.91 and 0.96, respectively, for a lower limit of normal values of 81.7%. A hyperbolic relation was found between the TDH and the trypsin or chymotrypsin activity in duodenal juice (p less than 0.001). In this study, the N-benzoyl-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid test was less sensitive than the TDH, since its result was abnormal in only 64% of the patients. The TDH was easier to carry out and less time-consuming than the determination of pancreatic enzyme output in duodenal juice collected after hormonal stimulation.
 ...
PMID:In-vitro test of haptocorrin degradation for biological diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction using duodenal juice collected during endoscopy. 287 85

In order to investigate the role of circulating free trypsinogen and renal tubular dysfunction in affecting trypsin plasma-urine transfer, serum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT), its urinary output, IRT molecular size distribution, filtrable immunoreactive trypsin, gamma-glutamyltransferase and alpha-glucosidase outputs were studied in 6 control subjects, 9 patients with pancreatic cancer and 15 with chronic pancreatitis. The majority of immunoreactivity was always eluted at a molecular weight of about 24,000 and might therefore be considered as free trypsinogen. Variable amounts of IRT at higher molecular weights, possibly represented by trypsin-inhibitor complexes, were also detected. Increasing IRT levels were generally accounted for by free trypsinogen, regardless of the nature of the disease. Unlike serum free trypsinogen levels, renal tubular damage, evaluated by means of the excretion of two high-molecular weight urinary enzymes, seems to play a prominent role in explaining trypsin plasma-urine transfer.
 ...
PMID:Molecular size distribution of immunoreactive trypsin and renal tubular dysfunction: role in trypsin plasma-urine transfer. 288 33

Plasma concentrations of human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) parallel exocrine pancreatic secretion in response to stimulation with cholecystokinin. We determined prospectively the relationships among fasting HPP level, integrated HPP response to infusion of cholecystokinin, and output of trypsin and also the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the fasting HPP level in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic disease. Our study group consisted of 19 patients with acute pancreatitis, 17 with chronic pancreatitis, and 25 with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and 27 control subjects. In the control patients and those with chronic pancreatitis, significant correlations were detected between HPP level and output of trypsin (P less than 0.001) in response to infusion of cholecystokinin and between fasting HPP and integrated HPP levels (P less than 0.004); no correlation was detected between HPP level and steatorrhea. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of the fasting HPP level for detection of either chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer were similar and approximated 0.88, 0.67, 0.88, and 0.66, respectively. The HPP concentration had no value in detecting acute pancreatitis. Because the fasting HPP level has a high degree of negative predictability and is simpler to measure than the integrated HPP level or the output of trypsin, it may be a useful test in patients suspected of having either chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. A fasting HPP level of 125 pg/ml or greater could be used to exclude chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer, but the finding of a value of less than 125 pg/ml necessitates use of other diagnostic tests for reliable determination of the presence of these diseases.
 ...
PMID:Can plasma human pancreatic polypeptide be used to detect diseases of the exocrine pancreas? 298 84

Using an immunoenzymatic method, we studied lipase in the serum and urine of 23 controls, 22 chronic pancreatitis patients in symptomatic remission, and in 9 patients with proven pancreatic cancer. Serum and urine lipase and its fractional urinary clearance were compared with those of amylase and immunoreactive trypsin. Lipase immunoreactivity was detectable in the urine of 81.5% of the studied subjects (controls: 82%, chronic pancreatitis: 86%, pancreatic cancer: 66%); its output was higher than the upper limit of controls in 31.8% of chronic pancreatitis and in only 1 of pancreatic cancer, and it was significantly correlated with the urinary output of trypsin (r = 0.487, P less than 0.001), but not with that of amylase. A significant correlation was found between urinary output and serum levels for lipase, but not for trypsin or amylase. Fractional clearance of lipase was of the same magnitude as that of trypsin but only 0.1% that of amylase. 19% of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer showed a fractional clearance of lipase above the upper limit of controls, compared with 45% for trypsin and 3.2% for amylase. No difference in urinary clearance of the three enzymes was found between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, although of no diagnostic relevance in pain-free patients with chronic pancreatic disease, this measurement can provide information on the mechanisms of renal excretion of pancreatic enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Fractional urinary clearance of immunoreactive lipase in chronic pancreatic disease. 306 42


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>