Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Levels of immunoreactive trypsin were measured in pure pancreatic juice obtained endoscopically from 44 patients with suspected pancreatic disease. Patients with pancreatic cancer all had low trypsin concentrations (median 3.6 micrograms/ml, range 0.6--12.0), but those with chronic pancreatitis had very variable levels (median 14.2 micrograms/ml, range 3.2--76.8), showing a considerable overlap with patients without pancreatic disease (median 37.1 micrograms/ml, range 10.4--66.0). When levels of lactoferrin in pancreatic juice were measured, all patients with chronic pancreatitis were found to have much higher levels (all greater than 900 ng/ml) than control subjects or patients with pancreatic cancer (all less than 400 ng/ml). The combined measurement of trypsin and lactoferrin in pure pancreatic juice appeared to be more promising than any other currently available test for the separation of patients with pancreatic cancer from those with chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Trypsin and lactoferrin levels in pure pancreatic juice in patients with pancreatic disease. 52 74

Investigations carried out in 14 healthy volunteers, 29 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 15 patients with chronic hepatitis showed that infusion into the duodenum of an optimally tolerable quantity (25 ml) of vegetable oil makes for a release of an amount of pancreozymin, which, by the criterion for stimulating secretion of pancreatic amylase, is equivalent to 0.5 Un/kg of pure preparation of pancreozymin and, as to the degree of stimulating the secretion of lipase and trypsin, it exceeds the effect of 0.5 Un/kg, but is less than that of 1.5 Un/kg of pure pancreozymin. These data should be taken into account in evaluating the ability of some alimentary fats to stimulate the release of endogenous pancreozymin.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the vegetable oil taken up into the duodenum as a factor in pancreozymin liberation in healthy persons and in digestive organ diseases]. 62 25

In patients with chronic pancreatitis, the viscosity and trypsin activity of the pure pancreatic juice obtained endoscopically are significantly higher than in healthy subjects. These two parameters may thus represent a simple method for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Viscosity and trypsin activity of pure pancreatic juice in chronic pancreatitis. 63 46

A comparison has been made between a modified Lundh test and the secretin-CCK test. Thirty-four patients with pancreatic disease (chronic pancreatitis, n = 25; recurrent pancreatitis, n = 5; and pancreatic carcinoma, n = 4) and 20 patients with other gastrointestinal disorders were studied. The results showed that estimation of trypsin secretion, irrespective of the mode of stimulation, had a low sensitivity in detecting pancreatic disease. Estimation of bicarbonate secretion after secretin stimulation provided a more sensitive test, especially for disclosing chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:The secretin-CCK test and a modified Lundh test. A comparative study. 72 16

Exocrine pancreatic function was studied in 20 juvenile-onset diabetics, seven maturity-onset diabetics, and five patients with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis. The results were compared with 13 non-diabetic controls. The outputs of bicarbonate, trypsin, and amylase were reduced in the diabetic patients in response to intravenous secretin and CCK-PZ. In the juvenile-onset group, exocrine pancreatic secretory capacity was reduced in 80% of the patients, and the severity of the reduction was related to the duration of the diabetes. The reduction in pancreatic secretory capacity must be taken into consideration when interpreting pancreatic exocrine function in patients with diabetes.
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PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. 97 8

Pancreatic function tests were performed in 15 patients with advanced renal insufficiency. Pancreatic secretion was stimulated with CCK/PZ and secretin and 60 minutes later with bile given intraduodenally and CCK/PZ and secretin intravenously. The Wilcoxon-test showed that there were significantly higher lipase levels in serum and lower amylase amounts in duodenal juice compared to normal volunteers. No differences could be demonstratd for volume, maximal bicarbonate concentration, lipase and trypsin outputs. It could be shown by nonlinear discriminant analysis that pancreatic secretion might specifically be changed in patients with chronic renal failure. These patients can be definitely differentiated according to the secretion pattern from normal controls and patients with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma, chronic and acute duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:[Pancreatic secretion of patients with chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. 114 6

In 14 normal individuals and in 28 patients with chronic recurrent pancreatitis the total secretion of amylase, lipase and trypsin, as well as the proportions of these enzymes in 20 minute portions of the duodenal contents under basal conditions and after an intravenous injection of 1.5 Un/kg of the "Boots" pancreozymin were studied. A definite disproportion in the stimulated secretion of pancreatic enzymes with a higher amylase/lipase ratio and a lower lipase/trypsin ratio was found to occur as a physiological phenomenon, the degree of this disproportionality, however, being substantially greater in patients with chronic pancreatitis than in healthy persons. An inference is drawn that, along with an investigation into the overall amount of enzymes secreted secondary to pancreozymin stimulation, of importance is not so much the very fact of divulging the non-proportionality of the stimulated pancreatic enzymes secretion, but rather the analysis of the nature and the degree of this disproportionality. This is essential, in particular, when estimating the effect of various nutritional patterns on the external secretion of the pancreas.
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PMID:[Analysis by means of pancreatozymin of the degree of parallelism of secretion of pancreatic enzymes in healthy persons and patients with chronic pancreatitis]. 119 10

187 patients were checked up over 4 years by the secretin-ceruletide test. Independently of the test results they were assigned to various disease groups on the basis of clinical assessment. 131 subjects were divided in a pilot investigation into: subjects with a healthy pancreas (n = 55); subjects with chronic pancreatitis (n = 50); subjects whose pancreatic condition could not be classified clearly (n = 26). 8 parameters were compared by univariate and multivariate statistical procedures in order to confirm or rule out the presence of chronic pancreatitis. The discriminatory power of the following parameters in duodenal fluid proved to be sufficiently high, with less than 15% frequency of misclassification: chymotrypsin (activity) and/or; lipase (activity) and/or; amylase (activity); viscosity. Under routine conditions measurement of the activity of two of these enzymes is sufficient. Their contribution to discrimination proved to be approximately equal. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the parameters bicarbonate, lipase (concentration), trypsin (activity) and volume of duodenal fluid are lower. The classification rules derived from the above pilot group were confirmed by a diagnostic study under routine condition in a test group of 38 patients. Limitation to examining only volume and a maximum of 3 parameters which proved best in distinguishing between patients with chronic pancreatitis and healthy subjects, together with the omission of the first-hour samples after a secretin bolus, considerably reduced laboratory workload without altering the discriminatory power of the secretin-ceruletide test.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Studies of duodenal juice after stimulation with the secretin-ceruletide test. Decision limits and evaluation of various parameters]. 137 50

Nd2 was a murine monoclonal antibody produced against a mucin fraction purified from xenografts of the human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990. The reactivity of Nd2 was reduced by trypsin, but was not influenced by neuraminidase, so the epitope recognized by Nd2 may involve peptide but not sialic acid. The antigen recognized by Nd2 was present in 83% of pancreatic cancer, whereas in tissue of normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis no reactivity was detected. By biodistribution study, tumor/blood ratio was elevated 8.27 on the 7th day after injection of 125I-labeled Nd2, while tissue/blood ratio in liver was remained 0.53. These results indicate that Nd2 had possibilities in clinical application such as radio-immunodetection and targeting therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study and biodistribution of monoclonal antibody (Nd2) against human pancreatic cancer]. 138 Jun 34

Economic function of the exocrine pancreas is based on non-parallel synthesis, transport and secretion of pancreatic enzymes during basal state and postprandially. Reserve capacity of acinar cells is also augmented by adaptation to the diet as well as by regeneration. In mild pancreatic insufficiency complex dietetic considerations help to maintain the necessary secretory capacity of the pancreas. In severe cases effective substitution therapy is mandatory and increasing lipase survival by dietetic maneuvers, by optimizing trypsin and chymotrypsin levels as well as acid and bile secretion can significantly ameliorate results of replacement therapy of steatorrhea. However, in painful chronic pancreatitis high protease activities seem to be beneficial. Individual replacement therapy with pancreatin preparations adapted to the requirements of the patient has to be chosen in difficult cases.
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PMID:[New trends in the treatment of exocrine pancreas deficiency]. 143 12


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