Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Samples of 35 tumors from the head and neck region (25 squamous cell, 2 basal cell, 5 parotid, 3 melanoma, and 1 lymphosarcoma) were cultured after dispersement with either trypsin or collagenase treatment. Growth was established in 14 (40%). Cultured tumor cells were then used as target cells in in vitro assays of patients' cellular and humoral immunity to their own or similar tumors. Preliminary data suggest this may be a reliable method of monitoring responses in patients receiving immunotherapy for head and neck malignancies.
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PMID:Tissue-cultured head and neck tumors: their use in in vitro assays of immune response. 19 78

Normal adult C57BL/6J fibroblasts, cultured to saturation density and therefore in resting phase, were harvested by EDTA, treated with trypsin at various concentrations for different lengths of time and then tested for absorbing capacity of a C57BL/He anti-embryo serum, the residual cytotoxic activity being measured by a 51Cr release assay on a C57BL/He lymphosarcoma known to carry embryonic antigens. A weak proteolytic treatment (0.05-0.25% trypsin for 5-10 min) uncovered structures which absorbed over 40% activity of the anti-embryo serum. The treated fibroblasts partially retained the absorbing capacity for an antihistocompatibility serum. Higher doses or longer exposure to trypsin progressively inactivated the absorbing capacity of fibroblasts for both antisera. Trypsin treatment of fibrosarcoma cells, which when untreated completely absorbed the anti-embryo serum, decreased their absorbing capacity. Additionally, normal untreated fibroblasts in growing phase were found to absorb the anti-embryo serum.
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PMID:Onco-embryonic antigens on murine normal adult cells. 57 65

Methods have been developed which isolate single viable cells from the primary growths of two tumour systems (a lymphosarcoma and a carcinoma) and their secondary deposits. Subsequent comparisons of the surface-membrane structure of pairs of these primary and secondary cells, using lactoperoxidase-catalysed radioiodination coupled with polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, suggest that their overall structures are qualitatively very similar. This latter picture is still maintained when the isolated cells are treated with trypsin or incubated in complete medium before radioiodination. Analysis of the incorporated label into defined sections of the electrophoretic patterns revealed small quantitative differences between primary and secondary cells. In particular, slightly reduced incorporation into certain surface components of secondary cell preparations was seen. However, these did not occur for all the animals investigated, and also they did not consistently occur if the isolated cells were incubated in complete medium. The most similar overall change observed for the two tumour systems was a slight reduction in the secondary cells of a 20K mol. wt surface component.
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PMID:Surface protein distributions in cells isolated from solid tumours and their metastases. 58 23

We have investigated the ability of Bowman-Birk inhibitor, a protease (trypsin and chymotrypsin) inhibitor, to protect against radiation-induced thymic lymphosarcoma in C57Bl/6NCr1BR mice. Fifty-five 7-week-old male mice were randomized into 11 groups and gavaged 5 days per week with purified Bowman-Birk inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate, and autoclaved Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate. Following 7 days of gavage, those mice undergoing total-body or sham total-body irradiation received 1.7 Gy weekly for 4 weeks. At 6 months following the radiation exposure, all mice were sacrificed and examined histopathologically. Samples of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate, purified Bowman-Birk inhibitor, and autoclaved Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate were evaluated with thin-layer chromatography. The mice treated with total-body irradiation and autoclaved Bowman-Birk inhibitor had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer deaths, lower average grade of lymphosarcoma, and larger fat stores compared to those treated with total-body irradiation and water gavage. The results for the total-body-irradiated mice receiving Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate suggested an effect midway between these two groups. Thin-layer chromatography analysis indicated that sterols and the phospholipids varied in the three different samples in a way that approximately corresponded with the observed effects. We have observed that an autoclave-resistant factor in soybeans is capable of reducing metastasis of radiation-induced lymphosarcoma and weight loss in C57Bl/6NCr1BR mice, presumably by preventing the extension and metastasis of cancer cells. Thus, in addition to the anticarcinogenic Bowman-Birk inhibitor, there appears to be another anticarcinogenic agent in soybeans which is capable of inhibiting the later stages of cancer cell development.
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PMID:Protection against metastasis of radiation-induced thymic lymphosarcoma and weight loss in C57Bl/6NCr1BR mice by an autoclave-resistant factor present in soybeans. 143 9

The electrophoretic and spectral analyses have been used to show the possibility to form a complex consisting of doxorubicin and adriamycin with heparin, the molar ratio being 6:1 and pH 4.8-7.4. Doxorubicin and adriamycin had procoagulant properties but the doxorubicin-heparin complex showed an anticoagulant activity. In experiments on rats with the Pliss lymphosarcoma and sarcoma 45 the doxorubicin-heparin complex depressed more efficiently the tumour growth and metastasis spreading. The combination of doxorubicin and the doxorubicin heparin complex with the trypsin-heparin complex which imitate the hyperfunction of anticoagulative system markedly increased the antitumour effects.
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PMID:[Action of doxorubicin and a doxorubicin-heparin complex on the growth and metastasis of experimental tumors and the hemostatic system indices]. 318 Oct 77

Peritoneal macrophages obtained from normal CBA mice expressed significant cytotoxicity against the DBA/2-derived P815 mastocytoma but not against DBA/2-derived SL2 tumor or the C57BL-derived tumors TLX9 and EL4. The macrophages also expressed some cytotoxicity against the DBA/2-derived L5178Y tumor. Incubation of normal CBA macrophages with cell-free exudate of intraperitoneally growing P815 cells resulted in cytotoxicity against the SL2 and against the EL4 lymphosarcoma. Incubation of SL2 tumor cells with P815 ascitic fluid before adding the SL2 tumor cells to normal CBA macrophage monolayers also resulted in inhibition of SL2 tumor cell growth on these monolayers. Trypsinization of the macrophages after incubation with ascitic fluid (or tumor extract) but before challenge with tumor cells abolished cytotoxic activity of the macrophages. Incubation of normal macrophages with a comparable amount of trypsin before tumor cells were added had no influence on their activity. Cytotoxicity could be induced after 7 days storage of the exudate at 5 degrees C, but this ability was lost within 72 hr when kept at room temperature. Storage at -20 degrees C had no influence. Gel fractionation of the cell-free exudate showed that the product responsible for the effect is a small molecular weight product (mol wt less than 1000). Furthermore the "product" was dialyzable. The "factor" could not be shown in the supernatant of P815 cell cultures unless the cultures comprised greater than or equal to 40% dead cells.
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PMID:Murine macrophage cytotoxicity induced by mastocytoma cells, cell-free mastocytoma exudates, and extracts. 679 44

Immunohistochemical and histochemical stains are useful adjunct techniques in the diagnosis of canine cutaneous round cell tumors, which can appear histologically similar. We applied a panel of monoclonal antibodies (recognizing tryptase, chymase, serotonin for mast cells; CD1a, CD18, MHC class II for histiocytes; CD3 for T lymphocytes; CD79a for B lymphocytes and plasma cells) and one histochemical stain (naphthol AS-D chloroacetate for chymase activity) to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, histiocytomas, lymphosarcomas, plasmacytomas, and unidentified round cell tumors. Of 21 tumors with a histologic diagnosis of mast cell tumor, 7/7 (100%) grade I, 6/7 (85.7%) grade II, and 3/7 (42.9%) grade III tumors were diagnosed as mast cell tumors based on positive staining for tryptase antigen and chymase activity. Mast cells were positive for both tryptase antigen and chymase activity, indicating equal efficacy of tryptase immunohistochemistry and chymase histochemistry. Chymase was detected immunohistochemically in both tumor and nontumor cells, while serotonin was not detected in most mast cell tumors, and thus, neither was useful in the diagnosis of mast cell tumors. Immunohistochemistry to detect CD18 and MHC class II was equally effective in staining histiocytomas, although lymphosarcoma must be ruled out through the use of CD3 and CD79a immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry using three different monoclonal antibodies to human CD1a showed no cross-reactivity in canine histiocytomas and was not useful. A final diagnosis was obtained for 4/5 (80%) of the unidentified tumors, indicating the usefulness of multiple stains in poorly differentiated round cell tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and histochemical stains for differentiating canine cutaneous round cell tumors. 1600 3

Rabbit antisera to rat lymphosarcoma contain antibodies that agglutinate trypsinized rat erythrocytes. These reactions can be specifically inhibited by cytolipin R, a ceramide tetrasaccharide isolated from rat lymphosarcoma. The agglutinin in the rabbit antisera can be absorbed with untreated erythrocytes, showing that cytolipin R determinants are present in the intact rat erythrocyte membrane. Untreated erythrocytes are able to react with antibody, but presumably the number of cytolipin R determinants necessary for agglutination becomes available only after treatment with trypsin. The anti-cytolipin R antibodies in anti-rat lymphosarcoma sera that cause hemagglutination and those that fix complement with this hapten are different, since the agglutinin can be absorbed completely without appreciable decrease in complement-fixing antibody.
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PMID:Immunochemical studies of organ and tumor lipids XVIII. Cytolipin R determinants in the rat erythrocyte membrane. 2417 98