Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retained maxillary sinus secretions from 10 consecutive patients suffering from maxillary sinusitis were studied with regard to proteolytic activity and its possible sources. All secretions were proteolytically active. In 3 purulent secretions the proteolytic activity was of the same magnitude as that of a standard with an excess of pancreatic trypsin. The enzymes responsible for the proteolytical activity were found to be mainly of granulocyte origin, neutrophil elastase, unspecific collagenase and chymotrypsin-like cationic protein (CCP).
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte proteases in human maxillary sinus secretions. 630 29

Recent evidence suggests that the cirrhosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is not invariably fatal as it was previously thought. Portal hypertension is often the major determinant of survival. The few reports of porta-systemic venous anastomosis in this disorder have shown poor results or uncertain outcome. Thus, doubts exist as to whether porta-systemic shunts should be performed in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Two patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) and associated portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and hypersplenism underwent splenorenal shunt and splenectomy 8 yr ago, and both have done well. One of the patients has chronic severe headaches, diarrhea, exudative enteropathy, sinusitis, and hematuria, all uncommon in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency but possibly related to the antienzyme deficiency. She also has a higher trypsin inhibitory capacity than is generally reported in ZZ individuals. Based on the experience with these 2 patients, it appears that alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency with cirrhosis is not a valid contraindication to the performance of a portasystemic shunt.
 ...
PMID:Successful spleno-renal shunt and splenectomy in two patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. 697 26

A patient with the clinical syndrome of cystic fibrosis characterized by chronic pulmonary disease, infection with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sinusitis, nasal polyposis, abnormal pancreatic bicarbonate response to secretin stimulation, but normal levels of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the duodenal drainage, and a sibling with autopsy-documented cystic fibrosis, is described. Sweat chloride ranged from 20 to 44 meq/liter and sweat sodium from 36 to 55 meq/liter. Immunoglobulin deficiency, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, tuberculosis and abnormalities of ciliary ultrastructure were excluded. Review of sweat electrolytes in 213 patients with cystic fibrosis revealed that patients with normal pancreatic enzyme release have significantly lower sweat sodium and chloride concentrations (p < 0.0005) than do patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Chronic pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency and elevated levels of sweat electrolytes comprise the classic diagnostic triad for cystic fibrosis. The expression of these features may be variable, but the sweat test remains the cardinal laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis. Over 98 percent of patients with cystic fibrosis have sweat chloride values greater than 60 meq/liter, 1 to 2 percent between 50 and 60 meq/liter, and only about one in 1,000, like our patient, less than 50 meq/liter. Patients with cystic fibrosis with borderline sweat chloride values frequently have chronic pulmonary disease but intact pancreatic enzyme release. In such patients, family history, ancillary clinical features and systemic exclusion of other syndromes assume special diagnostic importance.
 ...
PMID:Low sweat electrolytes in a patient with cystic fibrosis. 742 54

Tryptase is a mast cell-specific marker of degranulation. To investigate the possible diagnostic value of tryptase in allergic rhinitis, we measured the levels in both serum and native nasal fluid with a sandwich RIA-assay (Pharmacia). Twenty-three allergic patients and five patients with chronic ethmoidal sinusitis were included. Eighteen of the 23 allergic patients were tested within the pollen season or had perennial rhinitis; the remainder were tested at least 1 month out of the pollen season. None of the patients had detectable serum tryptase (> 0.1 ng/ml). Also patients with chronic ethmoidal sinusitis showed no tryptase in nasal fluid. One of seven allergic patients tested out of season had slightly increased nasal tryptase of 1.8 ng/ml. In patients with active nasal allergy, the tryptase in nasal fluid ranged from 6.4 ng/ml to 640 ng/ml with a mean of 101 ng/ml and SD 173. These results show a clear distinction between active and non-active nasal allergy and other non-mast-cell-related nasal disease. Further, nasal tryptase release by natural allergen exposure is even higher than that observed in allergen challenge tests.
 ...
PMID:Tryptase in nasal fluid is a useful marker of allergic rhinitis. 845 35

Although Type I allergy is a trigger for provoking chronic inflammation, whether allergic sinusitis (AS) can be distinguished from sinusitis due to chronic infection is still debated. This study was performed to characterize inflammatory cells in AS and to determine whether patients with AS differ from patients with chronic suppurative sinusitis (CSS). 5 patients with AS and 10 patients with CSS were investigated. Cellular infiltration was studied using immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, major basic protein (BMK13), eosinophil cationic protein (EG2), neutrophil elastase, and tryptase. There were no differences in CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, and tryptase+ cells between the groups. Whereas the total number of eosinophils (BMK13+) also did not significantly differ, the number of activated eosinophils (EG2+) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with AS. Furthermore, a statistically significant increase in the percentage of activated eosinophils to total eosinophils (P < 0.05) was observed in patients with AS. In contrast, the number of neutrophil elastase+ cells was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with CSS. These results suggest that patients with AS can be distinguished immunohistochemically from patients with CSS, with AS being distinguished by activated eosinophil infiltration.
 ...
PMID:Preferential infiltration by activated eosinophils in allergic sinusitis. 925 57

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological investigation profiles, and ciliary function and ultrastructure in Chinese patients with Kartagener's syndrome (presence of dextrocardia, sinusitis and bronchiectasis). All patients with dextrocardia were assessed for the presence of sinusitis and bronchiectasis in our hospital network. Patients identified with Kartagener's were assessed when they were at steady state for their bronchiectasis. Seven cases (4 males; mean age 34.9 years) were identified and systematically reviewed. The mean 24 h sputum volume was 26.6 +/- 32.77 mL/day and the patients suffered from a mean of 2.9 exacerbations/year. Nasal symptoms (anosmia in one, obstruction in six and persistent discharge in three patients) were common. Only two cases (1 M) were married and both had normal fertility. Lung function assessment showed a mean FEV1/FVC of 83.3 +/- 38.78/86.5 +/- 36.72 (% predicted) with little reversibility. High resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) revealed bronchiectactic involvement of the lower lobes in seven and middle lobe/lingula in four cases. Assessment of alpha-1-anti-trypsin, aspergillus precipitins, auto-antibodies and serology for Pseudomonas pseudomallei was normal. Sputum culture yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa in three, Haemophilus influenzae in three and commensals in one case. Phase contrast microscopy assessment of respiratory cilia, obtained by brushing the inferior turbinate, revealed that most of the mucosa was unciliated. The mean ciliary beat frequency was 5.2 +/- 6.76 Hz (range 0-13.7; normal range 12-18 Hz). Four patients had immotile cilia whilst the rest had normal ciliary movement. Transmission electron microscopy showed the absence of dynein arms in four patients. The results of this study show that patients with Kartagener's syndrome may have normal ciliary ultrastructure and the absence of dynein arms is not necessarily associated with ciliary immotility. The presence of ciliary immotility might have prognostic value as these patients appear to have more active bronchiectasis. Our experience on this series should help clinicians in the investigation and management of these patients.
 ...
PMID:Kartagener's syndrome: a re-visit with Chinese perspectives. 969 19

Inflammation remains a key event during most of the diseases and physiological imbalance. Acute inflammation is an essential physiological event by immune system for a protective measure to remove cause of inflammation and failure of resolution lead to chronic inflammation. Over a period of time, a number of drugs mostly chemical have been deployed to combat acute and chronic inflammation. Recently, enzyme based anti-inflammatory drugs became popular over conventional chemical based drugs. Serratiopeptidase, a proteolytic enzyme from trypsin family, possesses tremendous scope in combating inflammation. Serine protease possesses a higher affinity for cyclooxygenase (COX-I and COX-II), a key enzyme associated with production of different inflammatory mediators including interleukins (IL), prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane (TXs) etc. Currently, arthritis, sinusitis, bronchitis, fibrocystic breast disease, and carpal tunnel syndrome, etc. are the leading inflammatory disorders that affected the entire the globe. In order to conquer inflammation, both acute and chronic world, physician mostly relies on conventional drugs. The most common drugs to combat acute inflammation are Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alone and or in combination with other drugs. However, during chronic inflammation, NSAIDs are often used with steroidal drugs such as autoimmune disorders. These drugs possess several limitations such as side effects, ADR, etc. In order to overcome these limitations and complications, enzyme based drugs (anti-inflammatory) emerged, and aim for a new high since the last decade. Serine protease, the largest proteolytic family has been reported for several therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory. Serratiopeptidase is a leading enzyme which has a very long history in medical as an effective anti-inflammatory drug. Current study emphasizes present scenario and future prospect of serratiopeptidase as an anti-inflammatory drug. The study also illustrates a comparative analysis of conventional drugs and enzyme based therapeutic to combat inflammation.
 ...
PMID:The role of serratiopeptidase in the resolution of inflammation. 3210 32