Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing HBsAg and HBeAg were identified in sera of 5 out of 6 children with hepatitis B mediated membranous glomerulonephritis. CIC were precipitated from sera by 3.5% PEG, washed and subsequently analysed after acid dissociation and trypsin digestion. HBsAg, anti-HBs and albumin; HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc were recovered from the isolated complexes and these findings are discussed. Analysis of 3.5% PEG mediated precipitate of human serum proteins showed the relatively high content of IgG classical pathway complement components: C1q, C4 and C3.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and partial characterization of circulating immune complexes in sera of children with HBV-mediated glomerulonephritis. 184 49

In order to study the localization of Lentil lectin (LCH)-binding glycoresidues in glomeruli from patients with a variety of glomerulopathies, and to elucidate the relationship between LCH-binding sugars and the components of the extracellular matrix, laminin and type IV collagen, investigations of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded kidney tissues digested with trypsin were carried out by the direct and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy techniques. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the mesangium reacted well with LCH, whereas areas with sclerotic lesions exhibited a decreased reactivity. The pattern of LCH binding to the GBM in various glomerulopathies was similar to that of laminin but different from that of type IV collagen. The pattern of localization of LCH-reacting sites and of laminin in the GBM included the double linear lines in diabetic nephropathy, inner linear line with outer projections (spikes) in membranous nephropathy, and reduplicated basement membrane in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The results obtained by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay showed that LCH had a stronger reactivity for laminin than for type IV collagen or fibronectin. These findings suggest that LCH is more reactive with laminin than with other components of the glomerular extracellular matrix.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of diseased human glomeruli. 203 28

The purpose of this study is to examine the immunochemical changes of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the mesangium, in pretreated paraffin-embedded sections with trypsin by utilizing monoclonal antibodies to type III (anti-III), type IV (anti-IV) and type V (anti-V) collagens. We observed 6 normal kidneys and 44 kidneys with various renal diseases. In normal human kidney the staining with anti-IV demonstrated GBM, mesangium, Bowman's BM, tubular BM and capillary BM. Anti-V was also seen in the interstitium. On the other hand, anti-III stained only interstitium. Thickened GBM in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and diabetic nephropathy, and irregular GBM in Membranous Nephropathy and Alport's syndrome were also evident in anti-IV stain, while widened mesangial area was seen in anti-V rather than anti-IV stain. In severely proliferative GN, anti-III as well as anti-IV and anti-V was detected in the mesangium in spite of existence of neither adhesion nor Bowman's gap. In MPGN type II, anti-III was observed along the GBM. In obsolescent glomeruli, anti-IV was not always detected although anti-V was constantly seen. On the other hand, anti-III was markedly positive in the crescents and obsolescent glomeruli. These results suggest that it is possible for mesangial, endothelial and epithelial cell to produce several types of collagens and type III collagen is closely related to the process of the glomerular obsolescence.
 ...
PMID:[Renal distribution of collagen types III, IV and V in various glomerular diseases]. 268 17

CD5 is a 67-kD glycoprotein that is expressed on most T lymphocytes and on a subset of mature B cells. Although its physiologic function is unknown, several lines of evidence suggest that CD5 may play a role in the regulation of T cell activation and in T cell-antigen presenting cell interactions. Using a CD5-immunoglobulin fusion protein (CD5Rg, for receptorglobulin) we have uncovered a new CD5 ligand (CD5L) expressed on the surface of activated splenocytes. Stimulation of murine splenocytes with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies induce transient expression of CD5L on B lymphocytes that lasts for approximately 72 h. Binding of CD5Rg to activated splenocytes is trypsin resistant and independent of divalent cations. However, it is pronase sensitive and dependent on N-linked glycosylation of CD5, since treatment of CD5Rg with PNGaseF on N-glycanase completely abrogates its ability to bind activated splenocytes. It addition to splenocytes, CD5L is expressed on activated murine T cell clones. Immunoprecipitation, antibody, and recombinant protein blocking studies indicate that CD5L is distinct from CD72, which has been proposed to be a CD5 ligand. To determine whether CD5-CD5L interaction might play a role in vivo, we tested the effect of CD5Rg in a murine model of antibody-mediated membranous glomerulonephritis. Injection of CD5Rg was found to abrogate development of the disease. Taken together, our results help identify a novel ligand of CD5 and propose a role for CD5 in the regulation of immune responses.
 ...
PMID:Identification of a novel inducible cell-surface ligand of CD5 on activated lymphocytes. 906 41

Renal biopsy specimens from patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) were studied using immunohistochemical labelling to clarify the aetiological significance of Helicobacter pylori antigen in this disease. Sixteen specimens were examined, from 7 male and 9 female MN patients. Renal specimens from patients with diabetic nephropathy and IgA nephropathy, and from autopsied patients without renal diseases were obtained as controls. Immunohistochemical labelling was performed using one polyclonal antibody and three monoclonal antibodies against H. pylori. Specimens from 11 of the MN patients revealed granular deposits along the glomerular capillary walls, which reacted positively with polyclonal antibody after trypsin pretreatment. None of the control specimens revealed positive labelling. The MN specimens showed no positive reaction with the primary antibody, which had been treated for immunoabsorption testing using sonicated H. pylori. We also determined H. pylori status in these MN patients histologically and/or serologically. Of the 11 patients whose glomeruli were positive for anti-H. pylori antibody, 7 were suitable for analysis, and all were regarded as positive for H. pylori infection. These results suggest that the presence of a specific antigen in the glomeruli of patients with MN and H. pylori infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of MN.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori antigen in the glomeruli of patients with membranous nephropathy. 936 60

Mast cells are involved in chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. To determine whether these cells are also involved in tubulointerstitial injury in glomerulonephritis, we assayed mast cell infiltration in the kidneys of 107 patients with primary or secondary glomerulonephritis. Using a monoclonal antihuman tryptase antibody, we detected mast cells in the renal cortical tubulointerstitium, the periglomerular areas, and the medullary interstitium, but not in glomeruli. Renal cortical tubulointerstitial mast cells, including periglomerular area, were estimated as 0.8+/-1.6 cells/mm2 in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (n=7), 1.5+/-0.7 cells/mm2 in minor glomerular abnormalities without nephrotic syndrome (n=7), 6.5+/-7.7 cells/mm2 in membranous nephropathy(n=10), 12.9+/-15.5 cells/mm2 in lupus nephritis (n=15), 13.4+/-8.3 cells/mm2 in focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (n=6), 18.5+/-21.1 cells/mm2 in ANCA-related nephropathy (n=5), 19.8+/-14.2 cells/mm2 in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (n=5), 21.3+/-17.7 cells/mm2 in immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (n=42), and 33.0+/-33.8 cells/mm2 in diabetic nephropathy (n=10). Except for patients with the rapidly progressive glomerulonephritic syndrome (RPGN), the number of infiltrating mast cells significantly correlated with the serum concentration of creatinine at the time of renal biopsy (r=0.59; P < 0.0001) and with the intensity of tubulointerstitial injury as measured by leukocyte infiltration (r=0.72; P < 0.0001) and fibrosis (r=0.75; P < 0.0001). In contrast, mast cell infiltration did not correlate with urinary protein excretion. In relation to serum creatinine concentration, the number of mast cells was fewer in patients with RPGN than in those with chronic glomerulonephritis. These data suggest that mast cells may contribute to the renal deterioration in glomerulonephritis by inducing chronic tubulointerstitial injury.
 ...
PMID:Tubulointerstitial mast cell infiltration in glomerulonephritis. 977 20

The analysis of the urinary proteome is a potential source of information regarding the kidney's physiopathology. A clear knowledge of the protein composition of normal urine is an essential prerequisite to looking at its pathology. Technological evolution in the field of proteomics (2-dimensional [2D] electrophoresis, equalization, mass spectrometry and exosomes) has greatly expanded the power of analysis, allowing the detection of almost 2,000 spots in normal urine, only a minor part of which has been characterized as isoforms of known proteins. The identity of most spots (80%) remains to be determined. The analysis of urine composition in nephrotic syndrome (glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy) and in lupus nephritis is in progress, but has not yet furnished any relevant material. The unique exception is the presence of acidic components that suggests alteration of the charge selectivity properties of the glomerular wall in cases of heavy proteinuria. In lupus nephritis, prostaglandin-H2-isomerase and hepcidin have also been identified as activity biomarkers. Several overexpressed or underexpressed proteins have also been found in urine IgA nephropathy, but their specificity needs validation. Decreased levels of aquaporin 2 and of inter-a-trypsin-inhibitor heavy chain 4 have been associated, respectively, with hypertension and with a different response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in IgA nephropathy patients. From the present stage, mainly characterized by discovery of new proteins in urine, we should now proceed to their validation as biomarkers of diseases and possibly to clinical trials. Participation by basic scientists and clinicians together in projects launched by worldwide organizations is of vital importance.
...
PMID:Urinary proteome in a snapshot: normal urine and glomerulonephritis. 2306 20