Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It was attempted to evaluate passive haemagglutination of antigen coated, tanned erythrocytes as a test by which to demonstrate anti-DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. The antigens was prepared using a minimum of procedures in order to produce a native preparation. The resulting material had most of the criteria applying to native DNA, but the protein content was about 9%. It contained a thymocyte specific component, but no demonstrable trace of bovine species antigen. The reactions between the antigen and an anti-DNA serum from a patient with suspected SLE were inhibited by DNA and DNA-histone, but not appreciably by ENA, RNA or desoxyribonucleosides. Passive haemagglutination reactions against the antigen were positively correlated to a homogeneous immunofluorescence nuclear pattern and negatively correlated to a speckled pattern. Passive haemagglutination titres against ENA and DNA antigen were not correlated. Seventy-three per cent of randomly selected sera gave either purely DNase sensitive reactions (19%) or reactions of combined sensitivity to DNase and other enzymes. Twenty-eight out of 53 sera reacting in the passive haemagglutination test reacted also in the immunofluorescence test against Chrithidia luciliae kinetoplasts. The latter reactions were DNase sensitive. It applies to both tests that DNase sensitive, but RNase resistant, reactions were well correlated, irrespective of their sensitivity to trypsin while DNase resistant or DNase and RNase sensitive reactions were not correlated. The passive haemagglutination test using a native but relatively crude DNA-preparation coated on tanned sheep erythrocytes supplemented by specificity tests with DNase and RNase treated antigen gives about the same information as the indirect immunofluorescence test against Chrithidia luciliae kinetoplasts. Furthermore, the results show that patients' sera reacting with a homogeneous nuclear pattern in the indirect immunofluorescence test may contain not only anti-DNA and anti-nucleohistone antibodies, but also antibodies to a number of non-histone chromatin associated proteins some of which contain RNA.
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PMID:Antigenic properties of a DNA-preparation from calf thymus used for the demonstration of anti-DNA. 6 25

Sera with an antinuclear immunofluorescence titre of 1/000 were taken consecutively from the diagnostic routine flow and examined for agglutinating antibodies against desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and extractable nuclear antigens (ENA). Passive haemagglutination tests with antigen-coated tanned erythrocytes were used and the specificity of the reactions was corroborated by testing against enzyme-treated cells. After the exclusion of the DNA-reacting 15%, three major groups and one minor could be distinguished on a serological basis. The largest group (41%) contained cases with a speckled immunofluorescence pattern and a RNase-trypsin sensitive agglutination reaction with ENA coated cells (sRNP). Nearly all cases of mixed connective tissue disease and scleroderma fell into this group which also contained 44% of the SLE cases. Symptomatically the group was characterized by remarkably high incidences of Raynaud's syndrome and myositis. The major group next in size comprised cases with a homogeneous immunofluorescence pattern but no reaction against DNA or ENA. Half of the cases within this group had the diagnosis SLE; they also constituted 42% of all SLE cases. The only other diagnosis of significant frequency within the group was unspecified collagenosis (23%). The symptomatology of the group was rather uncharacteristic, with the exception of the low incidence of Raynaud's syndrome. The third major group comprised cases with a speckled immunofluorescence pattern but no agglutination reaction against ENA or DNA. This group had a very high incidence of rheumatoid factor and also the highest incidence of visceral lesions among the groups. Yet the group contained only a small proportion (14%) of the SLE cases and the rheumatoid arthritis cases were about equally shared between this and the first group. The most common diagnosis in the group was unspecified collagenosis (40%). A fourth, small but homogeneous group contained cases with a speckled immunofluorescence pattern and a reaction with Sm antigen, i.e. an enzyme-resistant agglutination reaction with ENA. Six cases in this group had the diagnosis SLE. No diagnosis was available in two cases.
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PMID:Symptomatology and diagnosis in connective tissue disease. Antibodies to extractable ribonucleoprotein in 123 patients reacting with cell nuclei in the immunofluorescence test. 79 May 56

Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin in cultured human keratinocytes was studied using an antibody from an SLE patient as the reagent. By indirect immunofluorescence staining, SV40-transformed human keratinocytes expressed PCNA/cyclin in 40-45% of the cells as a nulcear granular fluorescence. After synchronization of these cells, their nuclear distribution pattern during the S phase was sequential and showed a clear correlation with DNA synthesis. Primary cultured keratinocytes grown in high Ca+ medium expressed PCNA/cyclin in 10-15% of the cells with a similar staining pattern. These positively stained cells were confined to the basal and immediate suprabasal layers of the stratified culture sheet. The keratinocytes disaggregated by trypsin were separated according to cell size through a screen of Nitex monofilament cloth. The cells smaller than 15 microns in diameter synthesized abundant PCNA/cyclin, while the larger cells expressed very low levels. These results indicate that the expression of PCNA/cyclin correlates with DNA synthesis in cultured keratinocytes, but is not associated with their differentiation process.
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PMID:Proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin in cultured human keratinocytes. 198 May

The effect of cadralazine and its active metabolite CGP 22639 on the covalent binding reaction of C4 and C3 has been studied. Trypsin-Sepharose was used to activate radio-labelled C3 and C4 and binding of the radio-labelled protein to the trypsin-Sepharose was measured. Cadralazine inhibited 50% of the binding of C3 and C4 at concentrations of 19 mmol/l and 15 mmol/l, respectively. Its active metabolite was more potent and inhibited 50% of the C3 and C4 binding at concentrations of 8 and 3.5 mmol/l, respectively. These concentrations are much higher than those found in plasma during therapy. This is consistent with the clinical observation that in patients with normal kidney function cadralazine is not an inducer of SLE.
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PMID:Inhibition of complement components C3 and C4 by cadralazine and its active metabolite. 206 May 62

A rapid inexpensive method is presented for detecting peripheral blood lymphocyte chromatin activation by the neutral red "topo-optical" reaction, which causes strong and easily measurable birefringence in the lymphocyte nuclei. This reaction can be enhanced by fixing the cells with 150 mM/l NaCl in 70% ethanol and/or by treating the unfixed cellular suspensions with 0.2 M/l HCl to remove histones. In histone-removed preparations, 30 min DNase I treatment almost completely abolished the birefringent reaction, whereas RNase treatment resulted in only 18% loss. Chromatin activation induced by enzyme inhibition increased chromatin birefringence significantly. The same phenomenon could be induced in sensitive subjects' lymphocytes by specific antigens or haptens much more rapidly. The monocytes were not activated to a significant extent. In non-sensitive subjects different kinetics of antigen or hapten-dependent activation and no cytotoxic effects have been observed. Depletion of T-lymphocytes in vivo in SLE patients or by in vitro treatment with 0.5 mM/l KCN as well as with 0.02% trypsin has caused a significant drop in the mean chromatin birefringence. The effect of trypsin was reversible.
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PMID:Measurement of lymphocyte activation by a chromatin topo-optical reaction. Mechanism and specificity of the test. 723 31