Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.21.4 (trypsin)
 42,187 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A gene termed cbhE' was cloned from the QpH1 plasmid of Coxiella burnetii. Expression of recombinants containing cbhE' in vitro and in Escherichia coli maxicells, produced an insert-encoded polypeptide of approx. 42 kDa. The CbhE protein was not cleaved when intact maxicells were treated with trypsin. Hybridizations of total DNA isolated from the six strains of C. burnetii indicate that this gene is unique to C. burnetii strains associated with acute disease, i.e., Hamilton[I], Vacca[II], and Rasche[III]. The cbhE' gene was not detected in strains associated with chronic disease (Biotzere[IV] and Corazon[V]) or the Dod[VI] strain. The cbhE' open reading frame (ORF) is 1022 bp in length and is preceded by a predicted promoter/Shine-Dalgarno (SD) region of TCAACT(-35)-N16-TAAAAT(-10)-N14-AGAAGGA (SD) located 10 nucleotides (nt) before the presumed AUG start codon. The ORF ends with a single UAA stop codon and has no apparent Rho-factor-independent terminator following it. The cbhE' gene codes for the CbhE protein of 341 amino acid (aa) residues with a deduced Mr of 39,442. CbhE is predominantly hydrophilic with a predicted pI of 4.43. The function of CbhE is unknown. No nt or aa sequences with homology to cbhE' or CbhE, respectively, were found in searches of a number of data bases.
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PMID:Analysis of the cbhE' plasmid gene from acute disease-causing isolates of Coxiella burnetii. 187 92

The correlation between clinical course, protease inhibitors, complement and kinin activation was studied in vivo in 27 attacks of acute pancreatitis and also in vitro. The value of peritoneal lavage was retrospectively analyzed in 73 pancreatitis attacks. The effect of aprotinin was studied in vitro. Complement and kinin activation occurred in vitro when alpha-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) concentration was below 35%, in spite of 90% free and reactive alpha 1-protease inhibitor. These low alpha 2-M levels were found in the general circulation in severe attacks. Functional alpha 2-M levels were lower than electroimmunoassay values during the acute disease. Complement and kinin activation was present both in blood and in peritoneal fluid. The extent of activation was closely correlated to the severity of the pancreatitis attack. Classical as well as alternative complement activation occurred. Kinin activation was caused by plasma kallikrein as well as by other kininogenases. Functional kallikrein inhibition was lower than electroimmunoassay values for the C1 inactivator. High levels of activated trypsin was found in complex with alpha 1-protease inhibitor in severe attacks. These findings together with the low functional alpha 2-M and a possible functional deficiency also of the C1 inactivator make trypsin-induced activation of the complement as well as the kinin system possible in acute pancreatitis. Changes in proteases and protease inhibitors were most pronounced in the peritoneal fluid, functional alpha 2-M and C1 inactivator being zero, indicating that the primary event occurs locally in and around the pancreas. Peritoneal lavage thus ought to be beneficial. The good results achieved with peritoneal lavage in the retrospective analysis of the 73 clinically severe attacks seem to verify this conclusion. The biochemical changes seen in vivo indicate alpha 2-M and C1 inactivator to be most important against proteolytic activation of the complement and kinin systems. Treatment with purified protease inhibitors might be beneficial. This also seems to be true of aprotinin, according to the in vitro results, provided very high doses are used. All antiprotease therapy seems to be most important intraperitoneally.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis in man. A clinical and biochemical study of pathophysiology and treatment. 620 40

The physiological phenomena accompanying pancreatic disease in adults are related to the local and generalized reaction of the body to the blockage and/or leakage of the three enzymes-amylase, lipase and trypsin. The measurements of amylase and lipase in the serum are the most reliable criteria in the diagnosis of acute disease. Related changes may include hypocalcemia, hypopotassemia, hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia and decreased renal function. In chronic pancreatitis, there is less fluctuation in the amounts of the enzymes in the blood. The presence of diabetes mellitus, demonstration of calculi by x-ray, and examination of the stools for excess fat and meat fibers are more important diagnostic guides. In cancer of the pancreas, function tests using secretin stimulation of the gland followed by an examination of the external secretion or determination of the serum amylase have been used with some success.
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PMID:Pancreatitis and carcinoma of the pancreas; some aspects of the pathologic physiology. 1298 52