Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.37 (neutrophil elastase)
 4,078 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reversible binding of calcium ions to a single high-affinity binding site in the 40-kDa basement membrane protein (BM-40) caused a 33% increase of alpha-helicity, an about 60% change in intrinsic fluorescence and a dramatic increase of the rate of cleavage by alpha-chymotrypsin. All these effects exhibited identical dependencies on calcium concentration from which a dissociation constant Kd = 0.6 microM was determined. Calcium release was accompanied by an increase of the frictional ratio in solution but not by denaturation which occurred at about equal guanidine.HCl concentration for both calcium-saturated and calcium-depleted protein (midpoint 1.5 M). The cleavage sites for alpha-chymotrypsin are located in or near to the EF-hand domain IV of calcium-depleted BM-40 (also known as SPARC, i.e. secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and osteonectin). These and other data indicate that binding occurs in the EF-hand domain from which a large conformational change is transmitted. Low-affinity calcium-binding sites in the N-terminal glutamic-acid-rich domain I of BM-40 were identified by human leukocyte elastase which was found to cleave very specifically in the middle of this domain. From the increase of cleavage rate with increasing calcium concentration a Kd greater than or equal to 10 mM was estimated. It is suggested that variations of calcium levels in the extracellular space in this range may regulate functions of BM-40 such as collagen binding and that high-affinity binding is important for stabilization, folding and secretion during biosynthesis.
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PMID:High-affinity and low-affinity calcium binding and stability of the multidomain extracellular 40-kDa basement membrane glycoprotein (BM-40/SPARC/osteonectin). 155 84

The accuracy of methods employed to measure the elastin-specific crosslinks, desmosine (DES) and isodesmosine (IDES), has been called into question because contaminants in the urine may cause elevated values. In the present study urine samples were spiked with a known amount of [14C]DES and refluxed in 6 N HCl. Sephadex G-15 chromatography of the hydrolyzed urine employed to remove contaminants. DES and IDES were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as by amino acid analysis. The amount of isotope recovered was used to determine losses during the overall procedure and the isotope dilution to calculate the amounts of endogenous DES and IDES originally present in the urine. Because similar values were obtained by both methods, the more rapid HPLC method was used for all succeeding analyses. In one experiment, the DES amounts in urine collected from hamsters for 3 days after intratracheal treatment with human neutrophil elastase (300 micrograms) or porcine pancreatic elastase (300 micrograms) were 0.212 +/- 0.012 (mean +/- SEM, two measurements on a single pool) and 0.816 +/- 0.005 (two measurements) microgram per hamster per day, respectively. Urine from control hamsters had a mean value of 0.074 +/- 0.008 (eight measurements) microgram per hamster per day. The HNE- and PPE-treated hamsters had mean linear intercept values of 119 and 159% of control values, respectively, giving a positive correlation between increase in airspace size and elevation of urinary DES.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Measurement of urinary desmosine by isotope dilution and high performance liquid chromatography. Correlation between elastase-induced air-space enlargement in the hamster and elevation of urinary desmosine. 185 49

The possibility of minimizing organ damage following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was examined. In the control group, n = 21, upon completion of CPB, elevation of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase, which is a sensitive indicator of cellular damage, was affected by the concentration of granulocyte elastase (r = 0.59) or the endothelial-derived constricting factor, endothelin, (r = 0.8). Renal damage, which was detected by an increase in renal tubular enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) in urine, was also affected by endothelin (r = 0.79, r = 0.56), elastase (r = 0.6, r = 0.71), and by free hemoglobin levels (r = 0.76, r = 0.82). Next, the efficacy of pharmacological intervention for the prevention of renal damage was evaluated. During CPB, the administration of an elastase inhibitor (ulinastatin, 3 x 10(5) IU), n = 8, or a calcium antagonist (nicaldipine HCl, elastase release inhibitor; 5 gamma/kg per min), n = 8, significantly reduced the elevation of beta-glucuronidase and renal tubular enzymes (p < 0.05). Although the ulinastatin and nicardipine groups demonstrated low values of elastase in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), only the values of the nicardipine group reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). A reduction in endothelin levels compared to the control group was observed in the nicardipine group. However, preventive and counteractive effects of nicardipine against vasoconstriction caused by endothelin were also considered to play an important role in the prevention of renal damage. The addition of haptoglobin (4,000 IU) to the priming solution of the CPB also reduced levels of renal tubular enzymes (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pharmacological intervention for renal protection during cardiopulmonary bypass. 830

Elastolytic strains of Prevotella intermedia were isolated from pus samples of adult periodontal lesions. Elastase was found to associate with envelope, and it could be solubilized with guanidine-HCl. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by sequential procedures including ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. This elastase was a serine protease, and its mass was 31 kDa. It hydrolyzed elastin powder, but collagen and azodye-conjugated proteins were not degraded by this enzyme. Both synthetic substrates for human pancreatic (glutaryl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-leucine p-nitroanilide) and leukocyte elastase (methoxy succinyl-L-alanyl-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-valine p-nitroanilide) were hydrolyzed.
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PMID:Purification and partial characterization of an elastolytic serine protease of Prevotella intermedia. 835 46

Elevated levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 have been shown predictive of post-injury multiple organ failure. We hypothesized that sICAM-1 augments distant organ injury via its affect on the PMN and; thus, have examined neutrophil elastase and superoxide production in response to sICAM-1. To obtain soluble ICAM-1, Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells were transfected with human ICAM-1 (cDNA vector CD1.8), lysed and centrifuged at 150,000g for 1 hr; supernatant was passed over an ICAM-1 affinity gradient, eluted with 0.1 mM glycine x HCl, and concentrated using an Amicon Spin-X filter. PMNs were incubated for 1 hr with sICAM-1 at 37 degrees C. Quiescent and PMA-activated PMNs served as negative and positive controls respectively. Elastase activity was measured by the cleavage of methoxy-succinyl-alalyl-alalyl-prolyl-valyl-p-nitroanilide. Superoxide production was determined by superoxide dismutase inhibitive ferricytochrome C reduction over a 5-60 min incubation. PMN incubation with sICAM-1 provoked marked increase in elastase release 10.43 +/- 2.90 (10(-6) U/hr) compared to control 1.64 +/- 0.57, and was equivalent to PMA-activated PMN elastase release 11.60 +/- 1.50 (10(-6) U/hr). In contrast, sICAM-1 alone did not promote spontaneous PMN superoxide production beyond buffer treated PMNs (0.25 +/- 0.09 nmole/2.5 x 10(5) PMN/min). In sum, sICAM-1 stimulates PMN elastase release in vitro. Clinically, this may represent a mechanism by which sICAM-1 participates in the genesis of post-injury multiple organ failure.
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PMID:Soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) provokes PMN elastase release. 866 Nov 63

Human myeloblastin (leukocyte proteinase 3) shares many biochemical properties with leukocyte elastase, but rapidly loses enzymatic activity when raising the pH and/or the ionic strength of an acidic solution or when handled in glass vessels. This poses limits to kinetic experiments requiring long incubation times. After purification, myeloblastin was conveniently stored in a glycine/HCl buffer at pH 3.2, while assays were performed in sodium/potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, ionic strength 0.11, in the presence of 0.05% w/v Triton X-100 and taking care to avoid any contact with glass surfaces. The kinetic parameters of leukocyte elastase and myeloblastin with peptide substrates, irreversible inactivators and glycosaminoglycans were compared under these conditions. MeO-succinyl-Lys(2-picolinoyl)Ala-Pro-Val-4-nitroanilide, an excellent substrate for leukocyte elastase, also proved to be a good substrate for myeloblastin (Km = 16 microM, kcat/Km = 30,600 M(-1)s(-1)). Inactivation of myeloblastin by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (ki/Ki = 6,389 M(-1)s(-1)) and MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethane (ki/Ki = 579 M(-1) S(-1)) occurred via a two-step, irreversible complexing mechanism with potencies one-half and one-fifth that of leukocyte elastase, respectively. Glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and a chondroitin polysulfate, interacted with myeloblastin as non-essential activators in the presence of peptide substrates (activation up to a 6.7-fold factor) and as partial inhibitors (about 50% inhibition at saturation) in the presence of elastin. This property distinguishes myeloblastin from leukocyte elastase, which is always inhibited by glycosaminoglycans, independently of the substrate.
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PMID:Human myeloblastin (leukocyte proteinase 3): reactions with substrates, inactivators and activators in comparison with leukocyte elastase. 906 56

Previous folding studies of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-PI), which regulates the activity of the serine protease human neutrophil elastase, show an intermediate state at approximately 1.5 M guanidine-HCl (Gu). For the normal form of alpha1-PI, we demonstrate the reversible formation of the same stable distribution of monomeric and polymeric intermediates after approximately 1 h in 1.5 M Gu at approximately 23 degrees C from fully folded or fully unfolded alpha1-PI at similar final total concentrations and show that the stable distribution of monomeric and polymeric intermediates conforms with the law of mass action. We attribute these observations to an apparent equilibrium among intermediates. Our CD data are compatible with the intermediates having slightly relaxed structures relative to that of fully folded alpha1-PI and, thus, with the polymeric intermediates having a loop-sheet structure. Furthermore, we observe that the rates of folding (fast and slow terms) from the intermediate state are the same as those from the fully unfolded state, thereby supporting the contention that this intermediate state is on the folding pathway. We attribute the tendency of the Z mutant protein to polymerize/aggregate to an increased rate of the monomeric intermediate to form the apparent equilibrium distribution of intermediate species relative to its rate of folding to give intact alpha1-PI.
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PMID:The folding of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor: kinetic vs equilibrium control. 1136 13

We investigated the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) proteinases, elastase, and gelatinase B in rat models of acute lung injury. Three groups of rats were studied 6 hours after unilateral instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCl; 0.1 N), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (4 microg), or saline. The results demonstrated that HCl-induced lung injury, as compared with LPS-induced lung injury, was associated with an increase in permeability (wet/dry weight ratio and proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid). In contrast, there was similar PMN recruitment (in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and myeloperoxidase activity in lung homogenates) and similar proteinase exocytosis (residual alveolar PMN content of elastase and gelatinase B) in both types of lung injury. In situ zymography, evaluating interstitial protease/inhibitor balance, demonstrated a decrease in gelatinolytic activity in both HCl- and LPS-injured lungs compared with normal lung. The increase in interleukin 6 concentration in lung homogenates, which is observed after both injuries compared with saline-instilled animals, could be involved in up-regulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, shown by immunocytochemistry to participate in antiproteinase excess. Neither inhibition of alveolar neutrophil influx using a leukocyte elastase inhibitor (EPI-hNE-4) nor inhibition of gelatinase activities by recombinant adenovirus for the human tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene transfer decreased lung edema in HCl-induced injury. These data suggest that PMN proteinases do not contribute to HCl-induced acute lung injury in rats.
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PMID:Neutrophil proteinases in hydrochloric acid- and endotoxin-induced acute lung injury: evaluation of interstitial protease activity by in situ zymography. 1185 May 27

It has been suggested that neutrophils play an important role in acid-aspirated lung injury. We examined the effects of the high dose of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which is capable of increasing peripheral neutrophils, and a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046) on acid lung injury in rats. Animals were anesthetized and normal saline (NS, 2 mL kg(-1)) or hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.1 N 2 mL kg(-1)) was then instilled into trachea. Thirty minutes before HCl instillation, G-CSF (150 microg kg(-1)) was injected subcutaneously or ONO-5046 (10 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) was infused continuously into the right jugular vein. Animals were ventilated during the experiments. Five hours after HCl or NS instillation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were obtained. Total nuclear cell count, absorbance, albumin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), neutrophil elastase in BALF, wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio were measured. HCl aspiration markedly increased these values in BALF and W/D ratio. Both ONO-5046 and G-CSF attenuated the parameters increased by acid-induced lung injury in rats. The data suggests that neutrophils play an important role in acid-induced lung injury. However, high-dose G-CSF does not exacerbate acid-aspirated lung injury in rats, although this agent causes an increase in peripheral neutrophils.
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PMID:Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046) on acid-induced lung injury in rats. 1624 75

The present study was designed to examine the combined effects of a synthetic protease inhibitor, gabexate mesilate, with a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat sodium, on acid-induced lung injury. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g were anaesthetised intraperitoneally with pentobarbitone sodium and the right jugular vein was cannulated. Following tracheostomy, rats were ventilated mechanically and underwent intratracheal instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.1N 1.5 ml/kg) or normal saline. Gabexate mesilate (10mg/kg, i.p.) and/or sivelestat sodium (10mg/kg/h, i.v.) were administered 30 min before HCl instillation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were obtained 5h after HCl instillation. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the HCl-induced increases in total nucleated cell counts, neutrophil counts, optical density at 412 nm as an index of pulmonary haemorrhage, concentrations of albumin and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) were significantly attenuated by either gabexate mesilate or sivelestat sodium treatment. Gabexate mesilate or sivelestat sodium treatment also significantly attenuated the wet to dry weight ratio induced by HCl. However, combined treatment with both gabexate mesilate and sivelestat sodium did not show additive effects on HCl-induced lung injury, compared with single treatments. These findings suggested that gabexate mesilate and sivelestat sodium each exhibited protective effects on acid-induced lung injury, but that synergistic effects of both agents are limited in this acid-induced lung injury model.
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PMID:Effects of a synthetic protease inhibitor (gabexate mesilate) and a neutrophil elastase inhibitor (sivelestat sodium) on acid-induced lung injury in rats. 2054 26


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