Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.37 (neutrophil elastase)
 4,078 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The P1 or primary specificity residue of standard mechanism canonical protein inhibitors of serine proteinases, inserts into the S1 primary specificity cavity of the cognate enzyme upon enzyme-inhibitor complex formation. Both natural evolution and protein engineering often change the P1 residue to greatly alter the specificity and the binding strength. To systematize such results we have obtained all 20 coded P1 variants of one such inhibitor, turkey ovomucoid third domain, by recombinant DNA technology. The variants were extensively characterized. The association equilibrium constants were measured at pH 8.30, 21 (+/-2) degrees C, for interaction of these variants with six well characterized serine proteinases with hydrophobic S1, cavities. The enzyme names are followed by the best, worst and most specific coded residue for each. Bovine chymotrypsin A alpha (Tyr, Pro, Trp), porcine pancreatic elastase (Leu/Ala, Arg, Ala), subtilisin Carlsberg (Cys, Pro, Glu), Streptomyces griseus proteinase A (Cys, Pro, Leu) and B (Cys, Pro, Lys) and human leukocyte elastase (Ile, Asp, Ile). The data set was merged with Ka values for five non-coded variants at P1 of turkey ovomucoid third domain obtained in our laboratory by enzymatic semisynthesis. The ratios of the highest to the lowest Ka for each of the six enzymes range from 10(6) to 10(8). The dominant force for binding to these pockets is the hydrophobic interaction. Excess steric bulk (too large for the pocket), awkward shape (Pro, Val and Ile), polarity (Ser) oppose interaction. Ionic charges, especially negative charges on Glu- and Asp- are strongly unfavorable. The Pearson pro duct moment correlations for all the 15 enzyme pairs were calculated. We suggest that these may serve as a quantitative description of the specificity of the enzymes at P1. The sets of Streptomyces griseus proteinases A and B and of the two elastases are strongly positively correlated. Strikingly, chymotrypsin and pancreatic elastase are negatively correlated (-0.10). Such correlations can be usefully extended to many other enzymes and to many other binding pockets to provide a general measure of pocket binding specificity.
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PMID:Binding of amino acid side-chains to S1 cavities of serine proteinases. 904 74

Specificity of the commercially important serine protease, proteinase K, has been investigated by measuring free energies of association of proteinase K with turkey ovomucoid third domain inhibitor variants at contact positions P2, P1, P1', P2', and P3'. Correlations of these values were run with similar values that have been obtained for six other serine proteases. Among the six proteases, subtilisin Carlsberg shows a near perfect correlation (Pearson Product correlation coefficient = 0.93 to 0.99) with proteinase K at all of these positions. Proteinase K has only 35% sequence identity with subtilisin Carlsberg, yet, the two enzymes are nearly identical in their specificity at P2 to P3' positions. With other serine proteases such as bovine chymotrypsin, human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, Streptomyces griseus protease A and B, proteinase K showed relatively poor or no correlation.
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PMID:Specificity of proteinase K at P2 to P3' sub-sites and its comparison to other serine proteases. 2405 Feb 3