Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.1 (chymotrypsin)
10,938 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have evaluated the effects of porcine pancreatic extracts on human pancreatic secretion. Ten male volunteers were intubated with a 4-lumen jejunal tube to collect gastric and duodenal secretions separately via the first and third tube, to infuse PEG 4000 distal the pylorus via the second tube and to apply porcine pancreatic extracts via the fourth tube distal the ligament of Treitz. Pancreatic extracts were given four times at 40 minute intervals; the first two as active enzymes and subsequently as heat denatured proportions. Secretin was continuously infused intravenously (0.5 E/kg bw/h) to achieve minimal pancreatic flow. Lipase, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, volume, and bicarbonate were measured in duodenal contents in eight pooled 15 minute fractions. Three subjects who received HEPES-Ringer buffer instead of pancreatic enzymes served as controls. Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) was measured using a sensitive bioassay. Both active and heat denatured pancreatic extracts caused a small but significant increase in amylase and chymotrypsin secretion. Basal plasma CCK values were 0.85 (0.05) pM. After intrajejunal instillation of either active or heat denatured pancreatic extracts plasma CCK rose to 3.25 (0.30) pM and to 3.28 (0.36) pM respectively. In a second group of five volunteers, plasma CCK concentrations were measured after a test meal. On day 1, volunteers received a liquid fat and protein rich meal and on day 2, the same test meal containing porcine pancreatic extracts. In both cases, a similar increase in plasma CCK was observed. We conclude that therapy with pancreatic extracts stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion. This may be mediated through release of CCK.
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PMID:Influence of treatment with pancreatic extracts on pancreatic enzyme secretion. 231 90

An in-vitro test of degradation of haptocorrin, a cobalamin-binding glycoprotein, was used to diagnose exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. This radioisotopic test (TDH) required only 50 microliters duodenal juice collected during endoscopy after stimulation with 1 U/kg secretin intravenously. The initial reaction mixture, composed of salivary haptocorrin saturated with cobalt-57-labelled cyanocobalamin and unsaturated intrinsic factor, was incubated with 25 microliters duodenal juice. The percentage of degraded haptocorrin was estimated from the proportion of labelled cyanocobalamin that was transferred from haptocorrin to intrinsic factor. The TDH result was 41.6 +/- 31.7% (SD) in a group of chronic pancreatitis patients (n = 22) and 91.5 +/- 4.8% in the control group (n = 47). The sensitivity and specificity for exocrine pancreatic dysfunction were estimated as 0.91 and 0.96, respectively, for a lower limit of normal values of 81.7%. A hyperbolic relation was found between the TDH and the trypsin or chymotrypsin activity in duodenal juice (p less than 0.001). In this study, the N-benzoyl-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid test was less sensitive than the TDH, since its result was abnormal in only 64% of the patients. The TDH was easier to carry out and less time-consuming than the determination of pancreatic enzyme output in duodenal juice collected after hormonal stimulation.
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PMID:In-vitro test of haptocorrin degradation for biological diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction using duodenal juice collected during endoscopy. 287 85

Duodenal aspirates were obtained before, during, and after stimulation with secretin-cholecystokinin in 26 patients whose pancreatic function was classified as normal, moderately reduced, or severely reduced. The activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and 5'-nucleotidase (5NT) in the aggregated duodenal aspirate collected 10-40 min after stimulation showed marked overlap between the functional groups and lacked diagnostic value. For all three enzymes, the peak response occurred later in the severely impaired group than in those with normal pancreatic function. The three enzymes showed significant positive correlations with each other, and were negatively correlated with the output of trypsin and chymotrypsin and, in contrast with these proteolytic enzymes which were reduced in pancreatic disease, GGT, ALP, and 5NT all tended to increase with pancreatic disease. Contrary to a previous report, GGT did not serve as a useful index of pancreatic cancer in this study.
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PMID:Activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase, 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase in human duodenal aspirate. 287 69

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of wheat bran consumption on exocrine pancreas secretion in pigs. Sixteen Large-White pigs were divided into two groups. The first group (control) was fed a diet without wheat bran and the second one (experimental) a diet containing 40% wheat bran. After one week the animals were fitted with two permanent fistulae (in the pancreatic duct and the duodenum) and/or with a catheter in a carotid artery. After an 8-day recovery period, pancreatic secretion (volume, protein content and output, chymotrypsin, trypsin, lipase and amylase activities) and plasma levels of some gastro-intestinal peptides [secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)] were measured over an experimental period of 5 days. The results show that wheat bran intake induced an increase in the volume (+ 115%) and protein output (+ 36%) of the pancreatic juice secreted in a 24-hour period, whereas protein concentration decreased. All enzyme activities were enhanced by wheat bran. The plasma levels of secretin, VIP, somatostatin and PP were higher in the experimental than in the control group. On the contrary, plasma CCK levels were not affected by wheat bran consumption.
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PMID:Effects of wheat bran on exocrine pancreas secretion in the pig. 289 Nov 62

Calcium secretion and chymotrypsin (CHT) outputs in pancreatic juice from mice were studied "in vivo". Pancreatic juice was collected after stimulation with secretin 32 mU/g. Secretin 32 mU/g plus cholecystokinin 16 mU/g (CCK) or secretin 32 mU/g plus bethanechol 0.2 ug/g. Calcium and CHT outputs were lower in mice treated with secretin alone than in those treated either with secretin plus CCK or with secretin plus bethanechol. Bethanechol or CCK addition to secretin produced a positive correlation between both parameters. Extrapolation of the regression line correlating calcium and CHT outputs indicates that at zero CHT output pancreatic juice contains calcium. These results suggest that calcium in mice pancreatic juice is produced by two different sources.
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PMID:[Calcium secretion "in vivo" by mouse exocrine pancreas. Relationship with enzymatic output]. 294 99

The findings from endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) and secretin-CCK test data were compared in 69 patients: 36 with chronic pancreatitis, 9 with possible chronic pancreatitis, and 24 without chronic pancreatic disease. The ERP findings were also compared with the histologic changes in pancreatic tissue in 18 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery for chronic pancreatitis. ERP films were reviewed according to the criteria proposed by Kasugai et coll. with special attention paid to the side branches. Secretin-CCK test data were interpreted using the discriminant analysis. A good correlation between bicarbonate and chymotrypsin output and ductular changes at ERP was found. The results of ERP and the secretin-CCK test were compatible in 86 per cent of the patients. The relationship between ERP findings and histologic changes was not straightforward. It was concluded that ERP and the secretin-CCK test are complementary in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. ERP does not necessarily represent the histology in chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Comparison of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography with functional and histologic changes in chronic pancreatitis. 295 34

The influence of ageing on exocrine pancreatic function was investigated in rats and in men. Young rats (3-months old, 150-200 g) and old rats (24-month old, 400-500 g) were killed after fasting overnight. Small pancreatic fragments were removed and kept for stereological analysis both in light and electron microscopy; in addition, levels of tritium-labelled leucine uptake and protein synthesis were measured by quantitative histoautoradiography on isolated acini in vitro. The human study was conducted retrospectively in 27 adults (mean age 36 +/- 1.5 years) and in 28 elderly subjects (mean age 72 +/- 0.6 years) with no clinical or radiological evidence of pancreatitis. Duodenal aspirates were taken over a 90 min period under secretin (0.5 U/kg.h) and cerulein (75 U/kg.h) infusion for comparisons of bicarbonate, lipase, chymotrypsin and amylase concentrations and outputs in the two groups. Elderly people were found to have significant and parallel decreases in bicarbonate, lipase and amylase output as compared to younger subjects (-40 per cent, P less than 0.001). The pancreatic deficiency was confirmed in rats by a significant decrease in zymogen volume density and zymogen diameter and a defect of protein synthesis with significant slowing down (-70 per cent, P less than 0.001) of newly synthesized protein transfer to the Golgian zone of acinar cells. Signs of exocrine parenchyma dystrophy (pancreatitis?) were also observed.
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PMID:[Aging of the pancreas. Its implication in malnutrition states in elderly persons]. 297 64

One hundred nineteen children, either French or from the Ivory Coast, aged 1-8 years, were submitted to pancreatic function testing by duodenal aspiration. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, phospholipase, amylase, volume, bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium were estimated before and after an intravenous injection of 1 CU secretin + 3 CHR units pancreozymin per kilogram of body weight. Sixty-two patients were normal European children, and 11 were normal African children. Twenty-five African children presented with kwashiorkor and 10 African children had presented with kwashiorkor but had recovered at the time of the test. Three cases of recurrent kwashiorkor are also included. In the normal group of African children, phospholipase concentration, volume, and bicarbonate were significantly decreased but chymotrypsin and trypsin concentrations were not, when compared to the normal European population. In kwashiorkor patients, lipase, amylase, phospholipase, and chymotrypsin concentration were significantly decreased compared to normal Africans. Trypsin, volume, and bicarbonate were not affected. These modifications disappeared after refeeding. In cases of recurrent kwashiorkor, all enzymes, including trypsin, were decreased. Calcium was never modified. These modifications were very different from those observed in chronic alcoholic and hypercalcemic pancreatitis. In a two-year study, chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) was diagnosed in 14 patients (13 males), hospitalized in Abidjan. The mean age at onset of the disease was 41 years (SD 12.71), which is very similar to European cases. The most frequent cause was alcoholism, as in Occidental countries. The nutrition of the population was low in protein, calories being provided mostly by manioc, but no apparent symptoms of malnutrition were observed in the parents of our patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function of children from the Ivory Coast compared to French children. Effect of kwashiorkor. 300 10

Pancreatic secretion and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin levels were measured in 10 healthy volunteers after application of a serine protease inhibitor (camostate) to study the mechanism of feedback regulation. Camostate produced a strong inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in duodenal juice for 1 h. This was accompanied by an increase in duodenal aspirate volume and pancreatic enzyme secretion under both basal and secretin-stimulated conditions. Due to inhibition of tryptic activity, survival of lipase activity in duodenal juice was prolonged. In control experiments we ruled out that the volume and the pH of the solution were responsible for stimulation of pancreatic secretion. The protease inhibitor did not alter pancreatic secretion, which was stimulated by a test meal. Plasma levels of CCK and secretin were not changed after duodenal perfusion of camostate. These observations suggest that trypsin and chymotrypsin are involved in feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion in man which is, however, not mediated by CCK or secretin.
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PMID:Stimulation of pancreatic secretion in man by a protease inhibitor (camostate). 313 Feb 67

In the present study we examined the effect of Thr28 Nle31-CCK 25-33 (CCK-9) on pancreatic exocrine function in man. In subjects without pancreatic disease CCK-9 together with i.v. secretin (0.5 CU/kg/h) elicited a maximal stimulation of amylase output at a dose of 10 pmol/kg/h while trypsin and chymotrypsin were stimulated maximally at a dose of 30 pmol/kg/h. Higher doses of 60 and 100 pmol/kg/h had no additional effects. Lipase secretion was stimulated by secretin alone with no additional effect of CCK-9. During all doses of CCK-9 no side effects were observed. In patients with chronic pancreatitis a dose of 30 pmol/kg/h was also sufficient to obtain maximal enzyme output. In conclusion this derivative of CCK can be considered as a potent and useful alternative to amphibian caerulein in direct pancreatic function tests.
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PMID:Thr28, Nle31 CCK-9--an useful CCK analogue in stimulation tests of pancreatic exocrine function. 324 54


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