Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.21.1 (chymotrypsin)
 10,938 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rat uterine smooth muscle contracting substance was released into the superfusate of the dog's exposed canine pulp after noxious stimulation of the pulp by pricking, heat and electrical stimulation. This active substance was acid- and heat-resistant and was decomposed by carboxypeptidase B and alpha-chymotrypsin, but not by carboxypeptidase A and trypsin. This substance was also tested on several types of smooth muscle. Electrical activity of nerve cells in the reticular formation, which were sensitive to stimulation of the instep of the foot by pinching, was activated by the intrafemoral administration of the active substance. The algesic activity of this substance was examined in cantharidin blister base in man. This study conclusively demonstrated that the active substance of the pulp released by noxious stimulation produced pain and it was identified as bradykinin.
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PMID:Bradykinin as an algesic (pain producing) substance in the pulp. 42 98

After Whipple operations, follow-up examinations were conducted under hospital conditions in order to investigate the function of the remainder of the pancreas and the extent to which general health was adversely affected. General parameters such as vocational rehabilitation, history of pain, and weight were analyzed, as well as chemistry related to the severity of pancreatic malassimilation, e.g., stool weight, stool fat contents, fat utilization, chymotrypsin in stool, and PABA test. An exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in 80% of patients, but this was easily manageable using medications, sometimes in combination with a MCT fat diet. Subclinical diabetes mellitus was shown in 80% of patients using glucose tolerance tests. However, clinical manifestations of diabetes did not occur.
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PMID:[Function of the residual pancreas following partial duodeno-pancreatectomy]. 45 44

The influence of diclofenac, given by continuous i.v. infusion starting preoperatively, on postoperative pain and inflammation was assessed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 40 patients scheduled for major orthopedic surgery. Starting 30 min before induction the patients received either diclofenac (0.35 mg.kg-1 bolus followed by a constant-rate infusion of 90 micrograms.min-1) or placebo for 24 h. The pain intensity (VAS) and the amount of rescue narcotic (piritramide on demand) were significantly lower in the diclofenac group from 4 and 6 h postsurgery, respectively, till end of infusion. Acute phase proteins used as inflammation markers (C-reactive protein, alpha 1-chymotrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin and coeruloplasmin) showed similar variations in both groups for 24 h. The diclofenac treatment had no influence on hematological and coagulation profiles, nor on muscle and liver enzymes in comparison with placebo. Both patients and observer rated the diclofenac treatment as significantly superior to the placebo treatment.
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PMID:Prophylactic diclofenac infusions in major orthopedic surgery: effects on analgesia and acute phase proteins. 137 1

Presents the results of studies of the gingival thermal response in patients with chronic periodontitis exacerbations. Profezyme, an immobilized proteinase enzyme, was used in the treatment of 51 patients (test group) and chymotrypsin was administered to 43 controls. Anti-inflammatory action of profezyme was demonstrated. Reduction of the gingival temperature and pain alleviation evidence a high efficacy of the drug.
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PMID:[A temperature assessment of the treatment of exacerbated chronic periodontitis with the immobilized proteinase preparation profezim]. 144 Jun 63

The present investigation provides follow-up data (up to 36 months) of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function, inflammatory activity, pain, and body weight in 23 chronic pancreatitis patients submitted to Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative Ethibloc occlusion of the remaining pancreatic duct system between January 1983 and February 1984. Clinically, Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion resulted in almost complete and continuous cessation of pain as well as significant (p less than 0.05) increase in body weight. With regard to exocrine pancreatic function (Secretin-Pancreozymin test, plasma amino acid consumption test, Pankreolauryl test, fecal chymotrypsin determination), intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion was shown to induce high-grade insufficiency and thus exocrine parenchymal atrophy in all patients. Simultaneously, the inflammatory process (represented by serum levels of trypsin, lipase, and pancreatic isoamylase) was terminated in all 23 patients. Endocrine pancreatic function, evaluated by serum levels of insulin and C-peptide measured under fasting conditions and subsequent maximal combined beta-cell stimulation as well as corresponding integrated hormone releases, was reduced by partial pancreas resection by about 50%, while there was no further impairment during the 36-month follow-up period in consequence of additional intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion. Altogether, Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative Ethibloc occlusion of the residual pancreatic duct system seems suitable for termination of the inflammatory process and thus preservation of residual endocrine pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion for severe chronic pancreatitis: clinical, exocrine, and endocrine consequences during a 3-year follow-up. 343 10

174 patients with chronic pancreatic diseases, 30 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and 144 with chronic relapsing pancreatitis, 50 of them with calcifications, were observed in the Department of Internal Medicine of the University of Marburg/FRG between 1972 and 1982. In order to differentiate between carcinoma and relapsing pancreatitis the data of these patients were analysed retrospectively with regard to patient history, actual complaints, findings of laboratory, sonography, ERCP and X-ray investigations. The following results were obtained: Of discriminating value are steatorrhoe, local palpatory pain, alcohol ingestion, a history of earlier attacks and relapsing pain situations; however, general abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss (if not exactly specified) are not. Within the laboratory findings bilirubin, GOT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-GT, serum potassium, blood sugar and chymotrypsin content of the stool were significant while serum and urine amylase were similarly distributed within the groups of patients. Carcinoma and chronic relapsing pancreatitis can be identified by sonography in the majority of patients, but calcifications of the pancreas were rarely demonstrated during this observation period. The obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts--mostly due to a carcinoma of the pancreas head--was usually well documented by sonography. Intraabdominal air proofed to be the most disturbing factor. In carcinoma patients, the ERCP is important in demonstrating a complete obstruction of the pancreatic duct and stenosis and dilatation of the extrahepatic bile ducts. In patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis the pancreatic duct alterations such as dilatations and partial stenosis are well documented by ERCP especially if calcifications occur. In patients without calcifications, dilatation of the branches of the main duct are less relevant in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. Radiological demonstration of calcification of the pancreatic area is important for the differential diagnosis. Longstanding characteristical complaints, symptoms and calcifications within the pancreatic area are the most relevant factors in discriminating carcinoma and chronic relapsing pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Differential diagnostic evaluation of chronic pancreatitis in relation to pancreatic cancer based on clinical, laboratory chemical and diagnostic parameters. Studies of 174 patients in 10 years]. 353 95

Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains many uncharacterized endogenous opioids, in addition to the known enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. These opioids may be separated by gel filtration chromatography and identified by radioreceptor assay for opioid activity. One region of the chromatographic elution profile, designated "Peak B" has previously been shown to be related to the pain status of chronic pain patients. We now report that human Peak B isolated from the CSF of pain-free elective surgery patients is present at a typical concentration equivalent in activity to 1.4 pmol of morphine sulfate per ml of CSF measured by radioreceptor assay. At a dose of 0.06 and 0.12 pmol morphine sulfate equivalents of CSF (MSE), injected into the cerebroventricular system of the mouse, Peak B produced an antinociceptive effect, the intensity and duration of which was dose-dependent and which was antagonized by naloxone. The mouse vas deferens (MVD) preparation was inhibited by Peak B in a manner that was sensitive to antagonism by naloxone only at low (less than 1.0 microM) but not at higher (greater than 6.0 microM) concentrations of the antagonist. Peak B activity in the MVD assay was unaffected by treatment with trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin.
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PMID:Partial characterization of a novel endogenous opioid in human cerebrospinal fluid. 368 89

These experiments were designed to define the conditions necessary for the modification of radiation-induced transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells by TPA and protease inhibitors. The results show that: (i) the lowest effective dose of various protease inhibitors to suppress transformation in vitro varies over several orders of magnitude; on a molar basis, the inhibitors of chymotrypsin appear to be the most effective protease inhibitors at suppression of radiation-induced transformation in vitro, (ii) the protease inhibitors antipain and the Bowman-Birk (soybean) protease inhibitor have no effect on radiation transformation when present only during irradiation, (iii) the protease inhibitor antipain can suppress radiation transformation in vitro when applied to proliferating "initiated' cells as late as 10 days and 13 cell divisions post-irradiation, and (iv) TPA treatment following a 10-day protease inhibitor (anti-pain) exposure of X-irradiated "initiated' cells does not lead to promotion in vitro. These results suggest that protease inhibitor treatment of the initiated cells has irreversibly reverted cells to their original or "uninitiated' condition which existed before irradiation.
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PMID:The conditions for the modification of radiation transformation in vitro by a tumor promoter and protease inhibitors. 404 73

One of the striking features of the proteolytic enzymes as a group is the immense variety of biological functions served by enzymes employing one of a few basic mechanisms. For example, in the higher animals, enzymes for activation of zymogens (trypsin), for digestion of dietary proteins (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase), for blood clotting (thrombin), for clot lysis (plasmin), and for sensing pain (kallikrein) all appear to use the same mechanism and to have evolved from the same ancestral gene by the process of gene duplication and subsequent divergent evolution. Equally striking is the variety of chemical solutions of the same functional problem, such as the peptide-bond cleavage by sulfhydryl proteases on the one hand and serine proteases on the other.
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PMID:Evolution of structure and function of proteases. 486 30

It has been suggested that pancreatic ductal hypertension, secondary to pancreatic outflow obstruction, is a cause of pain in chronic pancreatitis. This study investigated the effect of inhibiting pancreatic secretion with octreotide in chronic pancreatitis pain. Ten patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and severe daily pain were included in an intraindividual double blind crossover study. All patients received octreotide (3 x 100 micrograms/day subcutaneously) and placebo (3 x 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously) for three days at random. Between both treatment phases a two day washout period was interposed. Intensity of pain (visual analogue scale) and analgesic consumption were carefully registered. Pancreatic secretion was monitored daily by measuring faecal chymotrypsin concentration. It was found that during the administration of octreotide, pancreatic secretion was strongly inhibited (faecal chymotrypsin mean (SD) 1.7 (0.6) U/g) with respect to placebo (9.6 (4.2) U/g) and washout (7.6 (3.1) U/g) periods (p < 0.001). Pain score (29.6 (4.5) v 28.7 (5.8)) and consumption of analgesics were no different during the octreotide and placebo periods. It is concluded that short term inhibition of pancreatic secretion does not result in pain relief in patients with chronic pancreatitis. This finding is in contrast with the hypothesis that outflow obstruction of pancreatic secretion with consequent ductal hypertension is an important cause of severe persistent pain in chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Treatment of pain in chronic pancreatitis by inhibition of pancreatic secretion with octreotide. 769 8


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