Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.1 (chymotrypsin)
10,938 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 60,000-dalton polypeptide (p60) has been identified in the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) pseudotype of Moloney sarcoma virus [MSV(FeLV)]. This polypeptide is present in the purified virus complex in concentrations greater than either the murine p30 or the feline p27. Purified p60 crossreacts immunologically with murine p30 group antiserum and contains several interspecies determinants, whereas the group specific determinant of FeLV p27 is not detected. Comparison of peptide fingerprints of p60 and murine p30 show many peptides in common. Limited digestion of p60 with either trypsin or chymotrypsin produced p30-35 and p20 peptides which retain the MuLV p30 group and interspecies antigenic activities. The p30 produced by both enzymes comigrates in polyacrylamide gels with the murine p30 of MSV(FeLV), thus suggesting that p60 may be an uncleaved precursor to p30.
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PMID:A p60 polypeptide in the feline leukemia virus pseudotype of Moloney sarcoma virus with murine leukemia virus p30 antigenic determinants. 4 60

Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) active on both human and murine bone marrow colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C) were found in the conditioned medium of Yoshida sarcoma cells (line YSSF-212T), although the cells originated from rats. The CSF were inactivated by digestion with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and pronase. By chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, the CSF were separated into five subgroups with different capacities to stimulate mouse granulocyte and macrophage progenitors. CSF in these five peaks were eluted from an Ultrogel AcA 44 gel filtration column with apparent molecular weights of 22,000-25,000 daltons. CSF of nonhuman origin stimulating human CFU-C would be useful in hematologic studies of bone marrow cells.
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PMID:Colony-stimulating factors active on human bone marrow cells from a Yoshida sarcoma cell line. 30 93

Cytoplasmic membrane of Group A streptococcus has been obtained by treatment of the cells with a phage-associated lytic enzyme to dissolve the streptococcal cell wall, followed by shocking osmotically. The protoplast membrane fraction (PMF) remained as a distinct homogeneous structure in the electron micrograph and analysis showed a low rhamnose content. Febrile response produced by PMF was very slightly exhibited or not at all. PMF showed weak suppression against the growth of rat Yoshida sarcoma cells in culture and inhibition of [3H]-uridine incorporation into the sarcoma cells in vitro. In vivo antitumor experiments demonstrated that PMF has a mild inhibiting effect against mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, though there was not observed a definite correlation between survival rate and dose level. Antitumor activity of PMF was thermo-labile and was strikingly abolished by treatment with a bacterial enzyme, Nagarse, but not so much by alpha-chymotrypsin.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of protoplast membrane from group A streptococcus. 34 Jul 33

KP-1 (CD68) is a recently described monoclonal antibody to a cytoplasmic epitope present on tissue histiocytes and macrophages. To determine the specificity and sensitivity of this marker in the evaluation of cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), this reagent and a panel of commercially antibodies were used to stain formalin-fixed paraffin sections from 25 cases of MFH and 25 other tumors, including a variety of soft-tissue sarcomas. Eighteen of 25 cases of MFH stained for KP-1 (72%), whereas all other tumors were negative, including 12 cases of pleomorphic soft-tissue sarcoma other than MFH. The percentage of tumor cells staining for KP-1 varied. In 11 cases KP-1 was only focally present, but staining was of a high intensity and associated with minimal nonspecific or background staining. Pleomorphic histiocytic cells and spindle cells from storiform tumors were strongly decorated with antibodies to KP-1 in most cases, and antigen also was present on tumor giant cells. Although alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-chymotrypsin stained a higher percentage of cases of MFH (92%), immunoreactivity for these markers also was noted in other tumors. Because of its specificity as a histiocyte marker, KP-1 is a useful component in a panel of antibodies for the characterization of soft-tissue sarcomas and the diagnosis of MFH.
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PMID:A histiocyte-specific marker in the diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Use of monoclonal antibody KP-1 (CD68) 838 68

We examined an antibody against Ki-1 antigen in 161 cases of malignant lymphoma, four of histiocytic sarcoma, and six of nonspecific lymphadenitis, using monoclonal antibody Ki-1, which is known to react selectively with activated lymphocytes, Reed-Sternberg cells, and Hodgkin's cells. Among them, 12 cases of malignant lymphoma demonstrated a diffuse positive cell membrane and/or cytoplasmic reaction of tumor cells and were categorized as Ki-1-positive lymphoma. Nine of these cases exhibited large cells with indented nuclei, distinct nucleoli, and abundant basophilic or amphophilic cytoplasm. Of the remaining three cases, two were of medium-sized and one of small-cell type. Immunologically, the 12 cases of malignant lymphoma demonstrated T-helper/inducer phenotype in six cases, B-cell in two case, and non-T, non-B in four cases. Tac and HLADR were positive in 9/12 and 4/5, respectively, and markers for histiocytes (lysozyme, alpha-1 anti-chymotrypsin, and OK-M1) were usually negative. Clinically, T-cell Ki-1-positive lymphoma was most likely to occur in the elderly, at extranodal sites, and had a rather poor prognosis (mean survival 35.5 months) as compared with B-cell and non-T, non-B lymphoma (7-52 months survival).
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PMID:Clinicopathological study of Ki-1-positive lymphomas. 260 19

Gliosarcomas contain both neuro-ectodermal and mesenchymal elements. Its histogenesis has been much debated and endothelial and adventitial fibroblast origins have been suggested, as has a "histiocytic" origin following the demonstration of antiprotease activity. Eight gliosarcomas have been examined with a panel of ten monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to investigate the origin of the sarcomatous element. Glial fibrillary acid protein expression showed a sharp distinction between gliomatous and sarcomatous tumour components. Contrary to some previous reports factor 8-related antigen and Ulex europeus agglutinin stained vascular luminal endothelium but no tumour cells. Vimentin and fibronectin expression was extensive and confined largely to sarcomatous areas. Desmin and neurofilament protein could not be demonstrated in any of the cases. Numerous cells, particularly in the sarcoma areas, expressed alpha-1-antitrypsin and -chymotrypsin. A proportion of these stained for the monocyte/macrophage marker MAC 387. Four cases focally exhibited a true storiform pattern and this and the immunohistochemical results suggest analogies with the fibrous histiocytomas. These tumours contain reactive histiocytes but are now thought to be derived from fibroblasts or from pluripotent mesenchymal cells in perivascular adventitia. This resembles the pattern exhibited in the sarcomatous component of gliosarcomas.
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PMID:Gliosarcoma: an immunohistochemical study. 260 37

The interaction of cells with laminin and laminin fragments was studied in short-term cell attachment assays. Neurite-promoting chymotrypsin fragments of laminin were isolated using a monoclonal antibody which blocks neurite outgrowth on laminin. The fragments were shown, by electron microscopy after rotary shadowing and by immunological reactivity with different monoclonal antibodies, to contain only the distal end of the long arm. These fragments promoted the attachment and spreading of glioma, sarcoma, carcinoma, muscle, and endodermal cells to the same extent as intact laminin. The attachment was unaffected by peptides containing the RGD sequence. The morphology of the cells on the chymotrypsin fragments was indistinguishable from that on intact laminin but different from the morphology of the same cells on fibronectin. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed extensive process formation on laminin but not on fibronectin suggestive of increased cell motility in response to laminin. We conclude that the neurite-promoting domain of laminin contains a major site of interaction for non-neuronal cells and that this site induces a cellular response in certain non-neuronal cells that is unique to laminin.
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PMID:The neurite-promoting domain of human laminin promotes attachment and induces characteristic morphology in non-neuronal cells. 316 84

Macrophages produced and/or released a chemoattractant(s) for neutrophils after having been treated for 2 hr with soluble products from two lymphoma cell lines. Culture supernatants of the EL-4 and Yac-1 cell lines, but not sarcoma l, Bc100, or the macrophagelike cell line P388d1, triggered the release of the chemoattractant. The macrophage-derived chemoattractant (MDC) was detectable within 2 hr following triggering and culture supernatants had maximal activity by 48 hr. The triggering of the macrophages to release the chemoattractant and the activity of the chemoattractant was not dependent upon any component of fetal bovine serum. Activation of complement was also not involved, since activated serum did not competitively inhibit the chemotactic activity of the macrophage-derived chemoattractant. The chemoattractant was macromolecular, stable to heating at 90 degrees C for 15 min, sensitive to pronase and chymotrypsin, and was affected by treatment with low pH.
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PMID:Release of a chemotactic monokine upon treatment with lymphocyte supernatants. 345 83

Mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was purified from serum through a series of steps, and each step was monitored for L-cell cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor-necrotizing activity in vivo. The two activities copurified and could not be dissociated. Purified mouse TNF has a specific activity of 2.2 X 10(7) (L-cell assay in the absence of actinomycin D) and 1 microgram causes necrosis of the standard TNF-sensitive sarcoma Meth A. TNF has a Mr of 39,000 +/- 2000 by gel filtration and a Mr of 16,000-18,000 by NaDodSO4/PAGE. Both molecular weight forms display cytotoxic and necrotizing activities. TNF has a pI of 3.9 and is destroyed by trypsin, protease, elastase, and alpha-chymotrypsin but not by neuraminidase or papain. These characteristics of nonrecombinant mouse TNF clearly resemble those of recombinant human and mouse TNF.
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PMID:Purification, characterization, and antitumor activity of nonrecombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor. 352 May 61

Murine sarcoma 37 ascites cells were treated with the proteolytic enzymes, trypsin and chymotrypsin, after which cellular deformability and electrophoretic mobility were measured. It was shown that incubation with trypsin increased the ease with which the cells could be deformed without changing electrophoretic mobility, and that diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-trypsin was inactive, a fact which suggests that trypsin-sensitive peptide linkages help to maintain the "tension" at the cell periphery. On the other hand, chymotrypsin reduced cellular electrophoretic mobility without appreciably altering deformability. This suggests that, although chymotrypsin-sensitive bonds do not contribute to "tension," they are in some way associated with charged groups at the cell periphery.
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PMID:Studies on cell deformability. II. Effects of some proteolytic enzymes. 596 77


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