Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.21.1 (chymotrypsin)
10,938 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using a new colorimetric method we measured the faecal chymotrypsin in 407 subjects, divided as follows: 252 adult subjects with a normal exocrine pancreatic function as shown by duodenal intubation, 24 adult patients with a mild to moderate pancreatic insufficiency, and 26 adult patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency. In addition, 40 healthy children, 50 children with chronic diarrhoea, and 15 with cystic fibrosis were studied before and after substituting enzyme therapy. Faecal chymotrypsin was found to be useful in evaluating the degree of exocrine functional insufficiency in subjects with diseases of the pancreas that had already been clinically ascertained. The same cannot be said for its ability to provide an early diagnosis of subjects with a slight-moderate insufficiency in exocrine pancreatic function.
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PMID:A new faecal chymotrypsin method for evaluating the exocrine pancreatic function in patients with different pancreatic diseases. 336 Nov 60

The effect of exocrine pancreatic function on the pharmacokinetics of the choramphenicol oral capsule (CAP-base), chloramphenicol palmitate oral liquid (CAP-P), and chloramphenicol succinate intravenous (CAP-S) formulations was evaluated in 10 patients, aged 16-30 yr, with cystic fibrosis. Pancreatic insufficiency was assessed in each patient by measuring the absorption of p-amino-benzoic acid after oral administration of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid which requires chymotrypsin to cleave p-aminobenzoic from the parent molecule. In a controlled cross-over design, the overall biodisposition of each formulation was assessed in each patient with or without concurrent administration of oral pancreatic enzymes. The relative amounts of active chloramphenicol available in systemic circulation was CAP-base greater than CAP-S greater than CAP-P. Pancreatic enzyme replacement had little effect on the biodisposition parameters for the CAP-base and CAP-S formulation, but significantly increased the peak concentration and bioavailability of the CAP-P formulation. Although pancreatic enzyme replacement improved the absorption characteristics of the CAP-P formulation, absorption remained prolonged and unreliable. Serum concentration-time profiles for either CAP-base or CAP-S consistently exceeded the MIC of important nonpseudomonal pathogens. This finding was not observed after CAP-P administration independent of pancreatic enzyme replacement. The results of this study support the continued clinical use of either CAP-base or CAP-S, but the cautious use of CAP-P formulations in CF patients with concurrent pancreatic insufficiency.
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PMID:The effect of exocrine pancreatic function on chloramphenicol pharmacokinetics in patients with cystic fibrosis. 337 92

The study evaluates two methods of assay of fecal chymotrypsin (titrimetric and spectrophotometric method) as an index of exocrine pancreatic function. The assay was performed on 101 control subjects and 128 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by the first method, and 75 controls and 102 CF patients by the second method. CF subjects were subdivided into four groups based on pancreatic function: total pancreatic insufficiency in the first group, partial pancreatic insufficiency in the second group, normal pancreatic function in the third group, and pancreatic insufficiency plus enzymatic treatment in the fourth group. Fifty-four CF patients were examined in the first group, 27 in the second group, 19 in the third group, and 28 in the fourth group by the titrimetric method; 23, 25, 50, and 65, respectively by the spectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric method was highly reproducible and more sensitive and specific. With such a method the assay on stool random sampling correlated with the duodenal output of chymotrypsin after hormonal stimulation as well as fecal output of 72 h. The test had sensitivity and specificity of 100% if referred to CF patients with total pancreatic insufficiency. It was calculated that CF patients with normal fecal chymotrypsin have a probability of 76% to have a normal pancreatic function and a probability of 24% to have a partially compromised pancreatic function. The assay separates distinctly CF patients with a fat absorption coefficient greater than 90% from those with a coefficient less than 90%. The test is proposed for current clinical use in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:The assay of chymotrypsin in stool as a simple and effective test of exocrine pancreatic activity in cystic fibrosis. 338 19

The bentiromide test reliably detects exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The synthetic peptide attached to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is cleaved by chymotrypsin, PABA is absorbed in the small intestine, partially conjugated in the liver, and excreted in the urine. It has been claimed that the bentiromide test is abnormal not only in patients with pancreatic insufficiency but also in patients with small bowel or liver disease because of impaired PABA absorption or conjugation, respectively. This study prospectively evaluates the bentiromide test in 12 patients with small bowel disease and 18 patients with biopsy-proven liver disease. One of 30 patients had an abnormal bentiromide test. Cumulative 6-h urinary arylamine excretion and plasma PABA concentration, 2 h after administration, were in the same range as healthy controls. We conclude that the bentiromide test is not affected by small bowel or liver disease. An abnormal test is virtually diagnostic for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
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PMID:Bentiromide test is not affected in patients with small bowel disease or liver disease. 349 95

The documentation of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is important for the clinical diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. The NBT-PABA test (Bentiromide test) depends on the cleavage peptide NBT-PABA by chymotrypsin and the quantitation of released PABA in serum or urine. The sensitivity of the oral NBT-PABA test is nearly as high as that of the much more demanding secretin-CCK test and the specificity is excellent as well. The NBT-PABA test is a simple and valuable aid for the clinical diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Significance of the oral NBT-PABA test for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. 350 Mar 82

Plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK) have been reported to be elevated in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The elevations are suggested to be due to increased release of CCK from the upper small intestine secondary to the absence of protease activity (trypsin and chymotrypsin) in the intestinal lumen. We have studied plasma CCK levels before and after liquid as well as solid meals in eight patients with pancreatic insufficiency due to advanced chronic pancreatitis and in eight healthy controls. CCK concentrations were measured with a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay using an antibody directed against the sulfated tyrosyl region of CCK. No differences in basal or maximal postprandial plasma CCK levels between patients and controls were observed. In the liquid meal study, basal CCK concentrations in patients and controls were 2.2 +/- 0.7 and 2.5 +/- 0.4 pM, respectively, with maximal postprandial concentrations of 9.6 +/- 2.2 and 11.2 +/- 1.4 pM. In the solid meal study, basal CCK concentrations in patients and controls were 2.5 +/- 0.6 and 2.6 +/- 0.4 pM, respectively, with maximal postprandial concentrations of 9.4 +/- 1.6 and 8.6 +/- 1.4 pM. The only difference observed was a significantly longer time interval to maximal plasma CCK levels in patients as compared with controls after the liquid meal. Two patients with no detectable trypsin activity in the small intestinal lumen during a Lundh test meal had basal CCK levels of 1.3 and 1.8 pM. Thus, the present study does not support the hypothesis that trypsin is involved in the regulation of CCK release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Plasma cholecystokinin concentrations in patients with advanced chronic pancreatitis. 356 43

The usefulness of a new photometric test for the determination of chymotrypsin activity in stools was evaluated in a multicentre study. By release of the enzyme from stool particles with a cationic detergent solution after, in most cases, 3 min of homogenization, a photometric measurement of the enzyme activity is possible both in the clear supernatant after centrifugation and in the diluted stool homogenate. The precision of the activity measurement in stool samples with pathologically lowered and normal chymotrypsin activity is good both for in-series (CV = 2.6%, scatter 0.6-5.7%) and for day-to-day determinations (CV = 7.2%, scatter 3.9-13.9%). The results obtained by the photometric determination also exhibit a close correlation with the values measured by pH-stat titrimetry (r = 0.901). The sample-preparation system with a sample-metering chamber is easy to use and gives good agreement with determinations in which the sample metering was done by weighing out the stool (r = 0.961). The photometric test for detection of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is easy to perform, inexpensive and does not place any undue stress on the patient.
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PMID:Usefulness of a simple photometric determination of chymotrypsin activity in stools--results of a multicentre study. 358 66

The fecal chymotrypsin (FC) levels in samples collected over 24 h were determined by a new commercial colorimetric method from Boehringer Mannheim in 82 children suffering from various pancreatic disorders. The patients were divided into 4 groups, in accordance with the following etiologies: cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (CFP), chronic severe hepatic disorders (CSH), primary malabsorption syndrome (PMS) and malnutrition due to nondigestive causes (M). The control group comprised 48 children of similar ages. The 24th FC levels as U/g (mean +/- SD) were: 34 +/- 6 in the control group, 2 +/- 2 in the CFP group, 15 +/- 6 in the M group, 19 +/- 9 in the CSH group and 43 +/- 13 in the PMS group. The differences between the CFP patients and all the other groups were statistically significant. These results indicate that the FC levels may be suitable as a diagnostic indication of CFP and capable of differentiating between this disorder and other causes of pancreatic insufficiency.
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PMID:Fecal chymotrypsin levels in children with pancreatic insufficiency. 358 67

The aim of this study was to assess the analytical performance of the BMC stool chymotrypsin test and its accuracy in diagnosing pancreatic disease in infants. The test utilizes a detergent which solubilizes chymotrypsin bound to stool residues, and a tetrapeptide coupled to p-nitroaniline which is specifically cleaved by chymotrypsin. We employed the IL Multistat at 30 degrees C to monitor enzyme activity as an increase in absorbance at 405 nm. The reaction was linear to 600 U/g stool. Recovery of exogenous chymotrypsin with a single detergent extraction was 98-105%, and of endogenous chymotrypsin (as determined by multiple extractions) 80-97%. Imprecision (CV) was 2.2% within-day and 2.4% between-day for the BMC control, and 2.4-5.2% for stool chymotrypsin in the range 8.3-14.4 U/g. Since the test utilises only 100 mg of stool, inhomogeneity of enzyme distribution was assessed by multiple assays on a single stool, which revealed a range of activity from 4.2-150%. We therefore recommend sampling of each stool in triplicate. With this procedure, chymotrypsin was measured in 220 consecutive stool samples submitted for fat determination from children. Applying the manufacturer's lower reference limit of 4.1 U/g, the following results were obtained (number abnormal/total number): suspected intestinal disease with normal stool fat (5/127); proven intestinal disease and increased stool fat (1/26); untreated cystic fibrosis (CF) with (19/22), and without (0/3) steatorrhea; CF with pancreatic insufficiency on replacement therapy (4/42).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Stool chymotrypsin activity measured by a spectrophotometric procedure to identify pancreatic disease in infants. 358 68

The advantages of the photometrical analysis of chymotrypsin in stool of dogs are: the short duration of procedure, the small amount of stool necessary and the simplified manner of measurement at 405 nm. The test was performed in healthy as well as in chronically pancreatic insufficient dogs and those with other origins of diarrhea. The normal value for healthy dogs was more than 1 U chymotrypsin/g stool. Because of distinct individual ranges of chymotrypsin activities a single detection is not sufficiently diagnostic. Several results below 1 U/g stool indicate a great likelihood of chronic pancreatic insufficiency.
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PMID:[Photometric determination of chymotrypsin in feces of the dog. A new method in the diagnosis of chronic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]. 371 50


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