Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.17.21 (prostate-specific membrane antigen)
 1,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) have been employed against prostate cancer models targeting growth-regulatory proteins, and at least one oligo (against bcl-2) has reached clinical trial. We previously found that, in LNCaP cells, mono- and bispecific oligos, which comparably suppressed the expression of bcl-2, compensated with suppression of caspase-3 (apoptosis promoter) activity, and enhanced the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and its p300 and IL-6 co-activators. In addition, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and (possibly its regulator) interferon (IFN) were elevated. A total of 14 proteins distributed between regulators of apoptosis, androgen regulation, differentiation antigens and autocrine-mediated growth have previously been examined. We extend these findings to include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a promoter of angiogenesis, which is not significantly altered through compensation, and therefore would not need additional regulation for suppressive bcl-2 therapy to be effective (like caspase-3).
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PMID:No compensation in VEGF expression follows antisense suppression of BCL-2 activity. 2316 Jun 75

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is known to be implicated in brain diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and dramatically increases in prostate cancer. Here, we investigated the regulation of GCPII expression in astrocytes and examined whether GCPII is epigenetically regulated through histone modification. In this study, valproic acid (VPA), a drug used for bipolar disorder and epilepsy and a known histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor was used. We found that acute exposure of VPA for 4-6h increased the GCPII protein level in human astrocyte U87MG cells but did not have a similar effect after 12-24h exposure. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that VPA did not affect the GCPII mRNA expression. In contrast, decrease in GCPII protein level by cycloheximide treatment was blocked by VPA, indicating that VPA increases GCPII protein stability. Treatment with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, suggested that the VPA-induced increase of GCPII protein level is dependent on the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. In addition, immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that VPA increased the acetylation of GCPII protein at the lysine residues and facilitated a decrease of the poly-ubiquitinated GCPII level. Similarly, M344, a specific HDAC 1/6 inhibitor, also increased the GCPII protein level. In contrast, treatment with C646, a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor of p300/CBP, significantly reduced the level of GCPII protein. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the increase in GCPII induced by VPA is not due to the classical epigenetic mechanism, but via enhanced acetylation of lysine residues in GCPII.
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PMID:Acetylation regulates the stability of glutamate carboxypeptidase II protein in human astrocytes. 2493 22