Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A commercially available bacterial toxicity monitor ("Toxiguard", BTG Anlagentechnik, Bochum, Germany) was tested for continuous river monitoring. Operating with biofilms, this system shall detect toxic substances in the water. River water passes through two bioreactors forming a biofilm of characteristic river bacteria. The indicating parameter of the biomonitor is the respiration rate of this bacterial biofilter. The remaining oxygen content in the effluent from the biofilter is measured continuously by an oxygen electrode. This value is related to the dissolved oxygen (DO) of the river water measured in a by-pass. In presence of inhibitory substances the DO content in the biofilter increases because of the reduced respiration activity of the bacteria. The addition of nutrients may lead to an increase of biomass and of respiration activity. This results in an increasing oxygen difference between DO contents in the biofilter influent and effluent. Therefore, the degree of poisoning is better perceptible. Moreover each nutrient causes a distinct biofilm with a specific sensitivity against chemicals. This effect will be shown for Sodium-Pentachlorophenolate (Na-PCP).
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PMID:[Use of bioreactors for continuous water monitoring]. 130 95

The effects of primary and secondary long-term prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with aerosolized pentamidine on pulmonary function in HIV+ patients were evaluated. Eighty-one patients, none of whom were drug addicts or had pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma, were studied. Fifty patients were receiving AP as secondary prophylaxis, 36 monthly and 14 twice-monthly; eight patients with a history of PCP served as control subjects. Twenty-three patients were receiving AP as primary prophylaxis, 12 monthly and 11 twice-monthly. Pulmonary function tests, including spirometry, lung transfer capacity for carbon monoxide (Tlco) and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (P[A-a]O2) were evaluated at M1, ie, one month after the diagnosis of PCP, or at the beginning of the AP prophylaxis, and then at three-month intervals (M4 to M13). No differences were observed in the results of spirometry or P(A-a)O2. Among the patients receiving secondary prophylaxis, a significant increase (paired Student's t-test) in Tlco occurred at M7 compared to M1 in the group receiving monthly administrations (p less than 0.01) and in the untreated control group (p less than 0.05); there was no significant difference in Tlco at M13 compared to M1 in the 12 patients who received monthly administrations for this period or at M7 in the 14 patients receiving AP twice-monthly. No significant difference in Tlco was observed at M7 in the primary prophylaxis groups. These results indicate that pulmonary tolerance of AP, as reflected by pulmonary function tests, is good.
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PMID:Pulmonary tolerance of prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. 199 16

We studied nine patients (56 +/- 7 years) with complete AV-block and permanent dual-chamber pacemaker (DDD) under different pacing modes: ventricle pacing (VVI) 70 bpm, DDD 106 +/- 4 bpm, rate adaptive pacing (VVI-FA) 108 +/- 3 bpm. Exercise was performed supine on the bicycle ergometer at 50 watts for 5 min at each setting. DDD-paced patients showed significantly higher mixed venous oxygen saturation, being 45 +/- 2% after the fourth minute, (VVI 38 +/- 2%, p less than 0.01 and VVI-FA paced patients 40 +/- 1%, p less than 0.01). Pressures were normal under DDD pacing during exercise (RAP 7 +/- 2 mm Hg; PCP 14 +/- 3 mm Hg) and showed further increase to abnormal levels during VVI (RAP 13 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01; PCP 21 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.02) and VVI-FA pacing (RAP 10 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.05; PCP 20 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). Stroke volume increased from 71 +/- 5 ml to 105 +/- 7 ml during VVI and from 64 +/- 7 ml to 81 +/- 7 ml during DDD pacing. Stroke volume remained unchanged (69 +/- 5 ml) during VVI-FA pacing. The peak levels of ANP during and after exercise were significantly higher under VVI (951 +/- 248 pg/ml) than under DDD pacing (650 +/- 140 pg/ml, p less than 0.01) and were not different between DDD and VVI-FA pacing (677 +/- 97 pg/ml). These results show that VVI pacing effects a more pronounced increase of ANP level than other pacing modes. Under moderate exercise, rate-responsive pacing compared to VVI pacing showed no differences in mixed venous oxygen saturation and in atrial pressures. Only DDD pacing showed higher oxygen saturation and a normalization of atrial pressures when compared to other types of single chamber pacing.
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PMID:[Effect of AV synchronization and rate increase on hemodynamics and on atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with total AV block]. 214 4

Oxygen consumption is pathologically dependent on oxygen delivery in ARDS and sepsis. We asked whether oxygen consumption is dependent on oxygen delivery in severe acute respiratory failure secondary to AIDS-related PCP. In five patients who had AIDS-related PCP, diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, no evidence of bacterial infection, and acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation with arterial oxygen tensions less than 75 mm Hg while breathing at least 50 percent oxygen, and PEEP greater than 10 cm H2O, we determined oxygen delivery and consumption by calculation from thermodilution cardiac output and arterial and mixed venous oxygen contents. Oxygen delivery was increased using transfusion of two units of packed red blood cells over one hour. Oxygen delivery increased 22 percent (638 +/- 204 to 778 +/- 201 ml/min.m2, p less than or equal to 0.006). Oxygen consumption increased 11 percent (134 +/- 34 to 149 +/- 29 ml/min.m2, p less than or equal to 0.02). The oxygen extraction ratio did not change. We conclude that similar to ARDS and sepsis, oxygen consumption may be pathologically dependent on oxygen delivery in patients who have severe acute respiratory failure secondary to AIDS-related PCP.
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PMID:Pathologic dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen delivery in acute respiratory failure secondary to AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 224 89

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP is the most frequent opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS and is the most common cause of death in these patients. Conventional parenteral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or parenteral pentamidine treatment is often not completed because of frequent incidence of adverse reactions. Aerosolized pentamidine appears to be better tolerated and is considered an alternative treatment for PCP in both hospital and community settings. This report describes our experience with 34 patients with AIDS who received aerosolized pentamidine at home. All patients were over 18 years old and had received either parenteral or aerosolized pentamidine within a medically supervised setting before home treatment was initiated. The Respigard II nebulizer system powered by an oxygen source was used as the delivery system. All patients took two puffs of metaproterenol sulfate 10 minutes prior to two 15-minute sessions of pentamidine inhalation. No relapse or adverse reactions were observed in patients. Large randomized clinical trials currently are underway to compare the value of aerosolized pentamidine with other forms of treatment for PCP.
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PMID:Experience with home aerosolized pentamidine treatment in patients with AIDS. 236 Mar 37

Histrionicotoxin, a spiropiperidine alkaloid, and twenty-two analogs inhibited binding of [3H]perhydrohistrionicotoxin [( 3H]H12-HTX) and of [3H]phencyclidine [( 3H]PCP) to sites on the acetylcholine receptor-ion complex of Torpedo electroplax membranes. Structural alterations to the nitrogen (secondary amine) or oxygen (alcohol) functions or to the five carbon and four carbon side chain of histrionicotoxin altered the potency versus [3H]H12-HTX and [3H]PCP binding measured in the presence or absence of a receptor agonist, carbamylcholine. Histrionicotoxin itself was 3-fold more potent versus [3H]PCP binding than versus [3H]H12-HTX binding. N-Methylation or O-acetylation increased this difference, while alterations to the side chains either slightly decreased or markedly increased this difference. Histrionicotoxin was some 3.5-fold more potent versus [3H]H12-HTX binding in the presence of carbamylcholine than in its absence. O-Acetylation increased this selectivity for the carbamylcholine-activated state of the receptor channel complex, while alterations in the side chains either reduced or increased the selectivity. Histrionicotoxin was some 2.2-fold more potent versus [3H]PCP binding in the presence of carbamylcholine than in its absence. N-Methylation of O-acetyl-histrionicotoxin greatly increased this selectivity, while alterations in the side chains either reduced or had no effect on selectivity.
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PMID:Binding of [3H]perhydrohistrionicotoxin and [3H]phencyclidine to the nicotinic receptor-ion channel complex of Torpedo electroplax. Inhibition by histrionicotoxins and derivatives. 241 60

In this paper we show that a polychlorophenol degrader Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-I initially attacked polychlorinated phenols (pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-, 2,3,4,6-, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, and 2,3,5- and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol) by tetra- or trichlorohydroquinone-producing para-hydroxylation. The novel hydroxyl group was set in position 4, whether or not a substrate had chlorine substituent in this position. The hydroxyl was in each case derived from water molecules, as was shown by following the incorporation of oxygen from H2(18)O into the reaction products. Nevertheless, the para-hydroxylation reaction required the presence of molecular oxygen, whereas further metabolism of the reaction product, tetrachlorohydroquinone, proceeded also in anaerobiosis. All polychlorinated phenols were readily transformed at 41 degrees C, but none were transformed at 44 degrees C. In contrast to this, tetrachlorohydroquinone was metabolized at a high rate at 50 degrees C, but was not metabolized at 55 degrees C. Polychlorinated phenols were specific inducers of the para-hydroxylating enzymes; para-hydroxylated reaction products did not induce these enzymes. On the other hand, the degradation of tri- and tetrachlorohydroquinone was induced by any of the chlorophenols and also by hydroquinones.
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PMID:Dechlorination and para-hydroxylation of polychlorinated phenols by Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus. 380 72

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a drug of abuse which is commonly taken by inhalation or snorting. By this pathway, it comes in direct contact with the alveolar macrophages (AM) which phagocytize inhaled particles. The activated AM produce reactive oxidative products and release photons with resulting chemiluminescence (CL) that can be quantified in the presence of luminol. The effect of PCP on this functional ability has been studied. PCP-treated rat-AM in vitro causes a two-to threefold increase in CL emission, after challenging with zymosan particles. This CL augmentation by PCP appears not to be associated with increased phagocytosis. Several metabolic inhibitors have been studied, and only rotenone has been found to inhibit CL production to a greater degree with PCP than in its absence. It may be assumed that the enhanced CL produced in the presence of PCP is due to activation of the drug by some reactive oxygen state or states that are affected by rotenone.
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PMID:Phencyclidine-dependent chemiluminescence of rat alveolar macrophages. 657 14

The actinomycete Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-1 metabolizes pentachlorophenol into ultimate inorganic end products via tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone. This intermediate was further dehalogenated in the cytoplasm requiring reductant in the cell free system. Tetrafluoro-p-hydroquinone and tetrabromo-p-hydroquinone were also dehalogenated. Chlorophenol analogs, thiol blocking agents and molecular oxygen inhibited the activity. The dehalogenating reactions led to 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, which was further metabolized into maleic acid.
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PMID:Metabolism of halohydroquinones in Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-1. 777 38

Postoperative extravascular lung water index (EVLWI, ml/kg) was analyzed in 30 patients who underwent esophagectomy through right thoracotomy for esophageal carcinoma from the day of operation to 5th postoperative day, in order to clear the correlation between respiro-circulatory state and EVLWI. The results are as follows. 1. EVLWI on 1st postoperative day correlated significantly not only with blood loss during operation (p < 0.01, r = 0.65) but also with systemic vascular resistance index on 1st postoperative day (p < 0.05, r = -0.43). 2. EVLWI correlated with the respiratory index (RI) on the 2nd and 4th postoperative day (p < 0.01), suggesting that EVLWI is an important indicator in judging the respiratory state following esophagectomy. 3. EVLWI on 4th postoperative day correlated with accumulative fluid balance up to 4th postoperative day (p < 0.05, r = 0.41), however neither correlated with other hydrostatic parameters nor the COP-PCP gradient. Furthermore, EVLWI on 4th postoperative day correlated more significantly with oxygen consumption index (p < 0.05, r = 0.58) than that with accumulative fluid balance up to 4th postoperative day. According to those results, the increased systemic vascular permeability immediately after the surgery attributes to the increase of EVLWI on the 1st postoperative day. Whereas, the increased EVLWI on 4th postoperative day depends on not only the hydrostatical factors but also the increased pulmonary vascular permeability caused by the surgical maneuver to the lung during esophageal surgery.
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PMID:[Correlation between respiratory or circulatory state and postoperative extravascular lung water volume in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal carcinoma of the thorax]. 803 72


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