Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Groups of rats, acclimated to drinking both water and 10% v/v ethanol were implanted with a variety of slow-release devices containing d-amphetamine (d-amp), nicotine, caffeine, phencyclidine (PCP), secobarbital, LSD, mescaline or haloperidol. Ethanol intake was elevated only during treatment with d-amp or nicotine; none of the other drugs affected ethanol consumption even though the amounts of all drugs released were pharmacologically sufficient to affect behavior. Nicotine treated rats were not simply seeking calories provided by the EtOH solution, since nicotine treatment did not enhance intake of a distinctively flavored solution isocaloric to 10% ethanol. These results support a self-medication model of ethanol intake.
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PMID:Ethanol intake increases during continuous administration of amphetamine and nicotine, but not several other drugs. 686 54

Higher-order derivative spectrophotometry (HODS) is a very good tool for the fine-resolution of spectra and other electric signals. This method allows one to separate superimposed curves for quantitative measuring. In the following, examples are given for the estimation of pollutants in water, air and soils which demonstrate the advantages of the HODS. This also applies to difficult problems in environmental analytical chemistry. In detail, we discuss the simultaneous estimation of aniline and phenol in waste water, the quantitative determination of PCP in polluted drinking water, phenol in turbid samples, the identification of aromatic amides and phenols in air after absorption in solvents and, last but not least, the study of Ni2+ adsorbed on bentonite powder.
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PMID:Higher-order derivative spectrophotometry in environmental analytical chemistry. 687 2

An immunogen was prepared from a succinamide derivative preparation of phencyclidine (PCP) and coupled to bovine gamma globulin by means of water-soluble carbodiimide. Phencyclidine, 10 of its analogs, and a 3,4-3H-PCP all bound competitively to antibodies induced in rabbits. An assay was developed using the ammonium sulfate precipitation separation method. The minimum detection limit to PCP was 2 ng/mL and that for various analogs ranged from 50 pg/mL to approximately 100 ng/mL. No cross reactivity was observed with at least 25 commonly used drugs. A double blind qualitative clinical evaluation of the assay was conducted with gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC-mass spectrometry methods. No false positive or false negative results were observed. For qualitative screening a "cut-off" level equivalent to 5 ng/mL was used for both serum and urine to distinguish between positive and negative specimens. Urine and serum samples from emergency room patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms and methadone clinic patients and autopsy material showed a significant incidence of PCP abuse, particularly among adolescents and young adults.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay screening test for detection of phencyclidine (PCP, "angel dust") abuse among teenagers. 719 88

Phencyclidine (PCP) injections in rats at doses of 4 mg/kh increased activity level, which might have been a function of impaired habituation. At doses of 8 mg/kg PCP produced a marked reduction in activity level. At doses of 12 mg/kg and above there were profound disruptive effects in detection of odors, visual square and touch measures, and performance of placing reflexes requiring visuo-motor coordination, righting, grasping reflexes, and equilibrium. Decreases in water intake occurred only at higher dose levels of PCP (16 and 24 mg/kg). On a qualitative basis the changes observed in rats are similar to changes described for humans.
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PMID:Phencyclidine and behavior: I. Sensory-motor function, activity level, taste aversion and water intake. 729 Dec 33

Since the hippocampus is likely to be a major site of phencyclidine (PCP) action, the effects of various doses of PCP (1.8, 18 or 36 nM) as well as 3.6 nM MK-801 or saline injected directly into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was tested for acquisition of a spatial navigation task (dry land version of a water maze) using a paradigm that assesses short term memory based on learning within a day and long term memory based on learning between days. Results indicated that relative to saline or 1.8 nM PCP injected rats, rats with 18 or 36 nM PCP or 3.6 nM MK-801 injections were impaired in acquisition of the task as measured by increased distances traveled to find the food location between days but not within days. In additional experiments 36 nM PCP or 3.6 nM MK-801 did not produce any deficits in the acquisition of an object discrimination task. It is suggested that PCP through its blocking action of the NMDA receptor in the dentate gyrus or CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus mediates the consolidation of new spatial location information.
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PMID:Phencyclidine injections into the dorsal hippocampus disrupt long- but not short-term memory within a spatial learning task. 748 May 53

In a previous study a simple algorithm was presented for effect assessment on secondary poisoning of birds and mammals. This algorithm (MPC = NOECfish-eater/BCFfish) was drawn up by analyzing a two-step aquatic food chain (water-fish-bird/mammal). The algorithm was used to test whether quality criteria set for surface water, based on effect assessment for aquatic organisms, constitute a "safe" level for secondary poisoning. The present study analyzes whether this algorithm can equally well be used for effect assessment in a terrestrial food chain. The pathway soil-earthworm-bird/mammal was used as an example for a terrestrial food chain. Literature data of six selected compounds (lindane, dieldrin, DDT, PCP, cadmium, and mercury) on both bioconcentration factors for earthworms and toxicity data for birds and mammals were studied. Important differences were found between BCFs for this terrestrial pathway and BCFs for the aquatic pathway analyzed in the previous study. It was found that BCFs for earthworms were more dependent on soil-related properties than on compound-specific properties. Hence, it was concluded that the algorithm MPC = NOECworm-eater/BCFworm can be used only for effect assessment on terrestrial food chain in defined situations. By calculating maximum permissible concentrations for secondary poisoning (MPCsp) for a standard soil situation and comparing these to MPCs for soil organisms, it was concluded that secondary poisoning could be a critical pathway for cadmium and methyl mercury. For methyl mercury secondary poisoning in an aquatic food chain was also a critical pathway. Secondary poisoning of fish-eating birds and mammals is not likely to occur for cadmium at concentrations in water below the MPC calculated for aquatic organisms.
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PMID:Presentation of a general algorithm to include effect assessment on secondary poisoning in the derivation of environmental quality criteria. 2. Terrestrial food chains. 751 80

Phencyclidine (PCP), in a dose of 15 mg/kg, produced delayed cognitive dysfunction (at 24 h) in rats subjected to water maze tasks. At 24 h after PCP administration, ataxia, hyperlocomotion and stereotyped behavior were not induced. NE-100, N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]-enthylamine monohydrochloride, a selective and potent sigma receptor ligand, was administered orally 10 min after PCP administration or 15 min before the first trial (24 h after PCP administration). In both cases, NE-100 dose-dependently attenuated the delayed cognitive dysfunction induced by PCP. As these findings show that ingestion of PCP led to delayed cognitive dysfunction similar to the cognitive signs of psychosis seen in humans, NE-100 is being further studied for possible treatment of subjects with schizophrenia.
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PMID:Effect of NE-100, a novel sigma receptor ligand, on phencyclidine- induced delayed cognitive dysfunction in rats. 760 28

This study sought to determine whether the reported lead-induced inhibition of binding of the non-competitive NMDA receptor complex antagonist, MK-801, was of sufficient biological strength and relevance to produce changes in MK-801 behavioral sensitivity. Rats were chronically exposed from weaning to levels of 0, 50 or 150 ppm lead (Pb) acetate in drinking water and trained to discriminate the stimulus properties of 0.05 mg/kg MK-801 from saline at 2 months of age using a standard operant food-reinforced drug discrimination paradigm. Following acquisition of the discrimination, various doses of MK-801, of the non-competitive antagonist phencyclidine (PCP), the competitive antagonist CPP, and of NMDA, were substituted for 0.05 mg/kg MK-801 and percent MK-801 lever responding to each determined. Increasing doses of MK-801 and of PCP produced dose-related increases in MK-801 lever responding to levels exceeding 90%, whereas CPP produced levels less than 50 percent. NMDA produced primarily saline lever responding. Pb exposure was associated with MK-801 subsensitivity as indicated by downward and/or right-shifts of the MK-801 dose-effect curve, and by attenuated MK-801 lever responding following an MK-801 washout period. No Pb-related changes in sensitivity to PCP, CPP or NMDA were observed. These data provide in vivo support for the possibility that glutamatergic system changes could be involved in the behavioral toxicity produced by lead exposure.
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PMID:MK-801 subsensitivity following postweaning lead exposure. 760 48

The non-competitive NMDA antagonist ketamine, given to schizophrenic individuals in subanesthetic doses, produced a short-lived, discrete activation of their psychotic symptoms, which had striking similarities to symptoms of their usual psychotic episodes. To further study this psychotomimetic property of ketamine, we administered 0.3 mg kg-1 of the drug to schizophrenic individuals during a [15O] water cerebral blood flow study. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using H2(15)O and positron emission tomography (PET) before and after ketamine administration to identify regions of flow change, rCBF was increased in anterior cingulate cortex and was reduced in the hippocampus and primary visual cortex (lingual and fusiform gyri). These data encourage further consideration of altered glutamatergic transmission in schizophrenic and PCP-induced psychoses.
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PMID:Ketamine activates psychosis and alters limbic blood flow in schizophrenia. 761 73

TCP (N-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine), A PCP (phencyclidine) derivative, has been shown to possess antiepileptic and neuroprotective efficacy against chemically induced seizures. However, it is known that other antagonists of the NMDA receptor impair spatial learning. This study was thus undertaken to explore the eventual effects of TCP on memory. The same study was done with MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5,10-imine ), one of the most studied NMDA receptor antagonists, which can be considered as a reference molecule. Three doses of each drug were chosen: 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg for MK-801 and 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg for TCP, the second dosage corresponding to the minimal required for antiseizure activity. The drugs were injected IP 30 min each day before a classical procedure of acquisition in a Morris water maze test. At the highest dose of each drug, the animals did not learn the position of the platform. At 0.1 mg/kg MK-801, the rats used a praxis strategy to find the platform but they did not known where the platform was. Contrary to MK-801, TCP at 1 mg/kg did not induce any memory impairment. At the lowest doses used, no memory impairment was found. It thus appears that, at the minimal therapeutic dose effective against chemically induced seizures (0.1 mg/kg for MK-801 and 1 mg/kg for TCP), TCP, contrary to MK-801, does not induce any memory impairment. Furthermore, at all the doses used, TCP presents the particularity that its locomotor side effects are not long lasting, being no longer observed from 30 min after the injection.
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PMID:Effects of TCP on spatial memory: comparison with MK-801. 766 64


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