Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We developed a two-step assay of phencyclidine (PCP), in which 2.5 mL of serum is adsorbed onto a disposable solid-phase extraction column and the eluted drug is determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Methapyriline is the internal standard. The detection limit of this technique is 0.5 microgram/L and the linear range exceeds 200 micrograms/L. Precision (CV) ranges from 30 to 10% with increasing concentration. No interferences were encountered in more than 400 clinical samples. The assay permits serial observation of low concentrations of the drug in serum for pharmacokinetic study and for quantitative clinical correlation with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
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PMID:Gas-liquid chromatography of phencyclidine in serum, with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. 375 11

In order to investigate the effect of the introduction of a nitrogen atom in the alicyclic moiety of phencyclidine (PCP) a series of 1-alkyl-4-phenyl-4-(1-piperidinyl)piperidines were synthesized. The in vivo assays in mice and EEG in rabbits indicated that the presence of a second basic center in the molecule resulted in a loss of PCP-like activity. The new compounds were devoid of analgesic activity.
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PMID:Nitrogen analogues of phencyclidine: 1-alkyl-4-phenyl-4-(1-piperidinyl)piperidines. 647 22

Phencyclidine (PCP), a semirigid molecule containing a cyclohexane ring with vicinally attached aromatic and piperidine rings, produces characteristic discriminative stimulus properties and pupillary miosis in rats. The effectiveness of a series of aromatic and nitrogen substituted analogs of PCP in producing PCP-like discriminative stimuli and changes in pupil diameter was determined in rats trained to discriminate between saline and 3.0 mg/kg of PCP. Dexoxadrol and its optical isomer levoxadrol were also evaluated for purposes of comparison. Analogs in which the electron-density of the aromatic ring was increased (3NH2-PCP) or only slightly reduced (3F-PCP) retained PCP-like activity. A loss of PCP-like activity occurred with analogs in which the electron-density of the aromatic ring was greatly reduced (3NO2-PCP) or extended to a larger system (1NCP and 2NCP). PCP-like activity also was abolished in analogs in which the distance between the aromatic ring and the remainder of the molecule was systematically increased by one, two or three methylene units. In contrast, substitutions on the nitrogen atom altered the potency, but not the efficacy, of such analogs. Dexoxadrol produced PCP-like activity whereas its optical enantiomer levoxadrol was devoid of such activity. These findings suggest a drug receptor surface with multiple domains or subsites which recognize regions of structural overlap among the phencyclidines, dioxolanes and psychotomimetic benzomorphan derivatives.
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PMID:Structure-activity relationship studies of phencyclidine derivatives in rats. 669 98

A sensitive capillary gas chromatography (GC) procedure was developed for the analysis of phencyclidine (PCP), two of its monohydroxy-metabolites, and a recently identified pentanoic acid metabolite. Two separate, but sequential, integrated extraction techniques were necessary to isolate all of the compounds from a 1.0-mL biological sample. Two GC techniques were necessary to analyze all the compounds; both methods used a capillary column and a nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD). The first procedure permitted isolation and quantitation of PCP and two monohydroxy-metabolites. A second extraction of the biological samples permitted measurement of the pentanoic acid metabolite. The analytical methods illustrate good reproducibility based on within-day and day-to-day variation. Serum and urine samples were analyzed from a dog administered PCP to illustrate the utility of this procedure.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of phencyclidine and metabolites by capillary column gas chromatography. 670 71

The epidemic abuse of phencyclidine (PCP) has become a major psychiatric issue within the past decade. With the assistance of highly sensitive capillary gas chromatographic-nitrogen detector measurements, PCP's true pervasiveness is only now being appreciated. To further quantitate the severity of the problem, the authors analyzed samples of umbilical cord blood from 200 patients on the obstetrics service of a major university medical center. Preliminary results revealed that 24 (12%) of the samples were positive for PCP (.10-5.80 ng/ml). The authors discuss the significance of this finding with regard to psychiatry, obstetrics, pediatrics, and juvenile law.
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PMID:Phencyclidine in umbilical cord blood: preliminary data. 683 83

Five street samples of leafy material coated with phencyclidine (PCP) were analyzed by a gas chromatographic nitrogen detection assay. The samples contained 15.6+1.8% PCP by weight or 32.2+ 13.8 mg PCP per "joint". An aliquot of a joint was smoked with a laboratory apparatus and the vaporized PCP was collected on a filter. Only 22.6+8.0% of the PCP or 6.7+2.1 mg PCP, reached the filter. This amount is in an approximation of the dose of PCP which becomes available to the oral and pulmonary mucosa following the smoking of a single PCP coated joint.
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PMID:Estimation of phencyclidine in leafy mixtures and in vapor phase after smoking. 713 55

Data on usage patterns of 100 hospitalized chronic phencyclidine abusers was collected. Weekly urine samples were monitored using a new gas chromatographic nitrogen detector analysis for PCP. Abusers were found to be, on the average, young males who had used PCP for approximately 40 months (range 12 to 96 months) and approximately 3 to 4 d/week. Except for one subject, urines became negative for PCP within 30 d after last use with a mean of 14 d. There was rapid excretion during the first 9 d followed by a more gradual reduction in urine PCP levels.
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PMID:Urinary phencyclidine excretion in chronic abusers. 718 97

Routine blood samples of 145 consecutive patients seen in the Los Angeles County Psychiatric Hospital Emergency Room during a 48-hour weekday period in June 1979 were examined for phencyclidine (PCP) using a sensitive and specific gas capillary gas chromatographic nitrogen detector (GC2-N) method. Of these 145 samples 63 (43.4%) were positive and PCP levels ranged 0.34 to 142.9 nanograms/ml (mean 14.6 ng/ml +/- 3.4 S.E.M.). An analysis of the records of these 63 patients revealed a wide variety of psychotic clinical pictures resembling mania, depression or schizophrenia with relatively few of the supposedly characteristic manifestations of PCP intoxication. Each of the 63 patients had at least one manifestation of toxic psychosis and/or acute delirium, in addition to the florid symptoms characteristic of functional states. PCP measurement, pharmacokinetics and the possible relationships of this intoxication to the psychiatric manifestations are discussed.
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PMID:The urban epidemic of phencyclidine (PCP) use: clinical and laboratory evidence from a public psychiatric hospital emergency service. 721 23

A simplified method for the quantitation of phencyclidine using nitrogen-detection gas chromatography is described. The samples are extracted twice with n-butyl chloride containing benzphetamine as an internal standard. A 0.5 mL sample is required for detection of as little as 5 ng/mL PCP. The assay is easy, fast and reliable. Due to the relatively small volume required, this method is suitable for analysis of pediatric samples.
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PMID:An improved method for the quantitation of phencyclidine (PCP) in biological samples utilizing nitrogen-detection gas chromatography. 721 76

By utilizing a glass capillary gas chromatographic nitrogen detector (GC2-N) method specific for phencyclidine (PCP) and sensitive to pg/mL in blood or urine samples, we have demonstrated occupational intoxication of law enforcement personnel charged with handling confiscated illegal PCP preparations. Further, we have demonstrated persistence of PCP in blood and urine for at least 6 months after the last known occupational exposure in one officer. Some aspects of the PCP problem are outlined, and possible mechanisms of the occupational intoxication are discussed.
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PMID:Occupational intoxication and long-term persistence of phencyclidine (PCP) in law enforcement personnel. 731 86


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