Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pyrolysis products of 1-(1-piperidino)cyclo-hexanecarbonitrile (PCC), the major contaminant of illicit phencyclidine (PCP), have not been previously reported. In order to quantify PCC in mainstream smoke as well as to identify the pyrolysis products, [3H]piperidino-[14C]cyano-PCC was synthesized. Marijuana placebo cigarettes were impregnated with this double-labeled PCC and burned with an apparatus that simulated smoking. The mainstream smoke was passed through a series of traps containing glass wool, H2SO4, or NaOH. Approximately 75% of the 3H was collected in these traps, and 46, 11, and 5% of the 14C was found in the glass wool, H2SO4, and NaOH traps, respectively. Contents of the traps were analyzed by GC/MS. The glass wool trap contained 1-(1-piperidino)-1-cyclo-hexene, PCC, piperidine, and N-acetylpiperidine, and cyanide ion was detected in all three traps. Approximately 47% of the PCC was found intact in mainstream smoke. Approximately 58% was cleaved to form cyanide and 1-(1-piperidino)-1-cyclohexene. The latter was further broken down to cyclohexanone (which represented 21% of the starting material), piperidine (29%), and N-acetylpiperidine (7%), and about 2% remained intact.
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PMID:Pyrolytic fate of piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile, a contaminant of phencyclidine, during smoking. 337 21

PCP is metabolized extensively in the body via a variety of metabolic routes. Biotransformation is a major mechanism of PCP elimination in humans and termination of PCP action in mice. In general, PCP metabolites are less active pharmacologically than PCP itself. Primary metabolism involves hydroxylation of the alicyclic rings at several carbon atoms by cytochrome P-450-mediated monooxygenase. Hydroxylation of the aromatic ring seems to be less likely and has not been conclusively demonstrated. Hydroxylation of PCP at carbon 2 of the piperidine ring to form the unstable carbinolamine leads to formation of a series of polar, open-ring compounds. Monohydroxylated metabolites are conjugated with glucuronic or sulfuric acid, or are further hydroxylated to dihydroxy derivatives that can also be subject to conjugation. Formation of highly reactive electrophilic metabolites of PCP have been demonstrated in vitro in microsomal preparations. Covalent modification of tissue macromolecules by reactive intermediates can be responsible for suicide inactivation of cytochrome P-450 and can possibly mediate some long-term toxic effects of PCP. PCP inhaled by cigarette smoking is metabolized via similar routes. About 50% of the PCP in cigarette smoke is converted to PC, a major product of thermal degradation of PCP. PC and its hydroxylated and conjugated metabolites appear to contribute little to the pharmacology or acute toxicity of PCP.
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PMID:Biotransformation of phencyclidine. 391 38

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were synthesised by the nebulised spray pyrolysis method and purified to remove amorphous carbon and fullerenes. The purified multiwalled carbon nanotubes were oxidised using a 3:1 H2SO4/HNO3 mixture to introduce carboxylic groups and to a smaller extent hydroxyl groups on the walls of the carbon nanotubes. Subsequently, the oxidised carbon nanotubes were chlorinated using oxalyl chloride to generate acyl chloride groups through which phosphorylation took place. 4-Aminophenyl methylphosphonate was attached to the multiwalled carbon nanotubes via an amidation reaction. FT-IR and XPS confirmed the presence of PO, PO and PCP functional groups in the phosphorylated carbon nanotubes. Polymerisation of the phosphorylated carbon nanotubes with cyclodextrins was achieved using hexamethylene diisocyanate as a bifunctional linker. Surface morphology of the polymer was investigated by SEM while FT-IR was used to confirm the polymerisation reaction. Moreover, the thermal stability of the polymer was probed using TGA while BET was employed to determine the surface area and pore volume of the polymer. Furthermore, the polymer was tested for the removal of cobalt and 4-chlorophenol from synthetic aqueous solutions of the pollutants. The polymer displayed potential as an adsorbent for both cobalt and 4-chlorophenol.
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PMID:Phosphorylated multiwalled carbon nanotube-cyclodextrin polymer: synthesis, characterisation and potential application in water purification. 2398 70