Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A specific protein termed as PCP accumulates in the newly synthesized pupal cuticle of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We have cloned the genomic sequence encoding PCP and analyzed its structure. The PCP gene comprises two exons interspersed by a single intron approx. 5.8 kb in length. Transcription initiation sites of the PCP gene were located at nucleotide level. The 5' flanking region of the gene contains a sequence homologous to the Pit-1 DNA recognition element of the rat prolactin and growth hormone genes. The developmental profile of the PCP precursor RNA in epidermal cells showed that the biosynthesis of PCP is regulated at the transcriptional level in a stage- and tissue-specific fashion during post-embryonic development. Administration of 20-hydroxyecdysone to the isolated abdomens prepared from the early fifth instar larvae provoked the accumulation of PCP mRNA in epidermis, suggesting that the molting hormone triggers the expression of PCP gene.
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PMID:Structure and expression of gene coding for a pupal cuticle protein of Bombyx mori. 139 Aug 88

There is little information on the neuroendocrine effects of PCP. The present study examined the effects of the acute subcutaneous administration of PCP on serum levels of corticosterone, growth hormone and prolactin in the male rat. PCP increased serum levels of corticosterone, decreased serum levels of prolactin and failed to affect growth hormone levels. The results indicate that, like other drugs of abuse, PCP alters neuroendocrine function.
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PMID:The effects of the acute administration of phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) on the release of corticosterone, growth hormone and prolactin in the rat. 394 97

Intraperitoneal administration of clonidine (50 micrograms/kg) produced increases in growth hormone levels in male Wistar rats. Pretreatment with NMDA receptor antagonists including (+/-)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP/NMDA site), ifenprodril (polyamine site), and dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) or phencyclidine (PCP) (channel blockers) did not have any significant effect on clonidine-induced increases in growth hormone levels. In contrast, pretreatment with 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid and 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) (NMDA receptor-associated glycine site antagonists) significantly attenuated clonidine-induced increases in growth hormone levels. Attenuation of clonidine's effect on growth hormone levels by NMDA receptor-associated glycine site antagonists appears most likely due to an interaction between their effects on the NMDA receptor complex with growth hormone releasing factor.
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PMID:The NMDA receptor complex modulates clonidine-induced increases in growth hormone levels in rats. 774 72

Periodontal-like tissues and, in particular, alveolar bone- and root cementum-like material can theoretically be modulated by release of biochemical agents such as bisphosphonate (PCP), growth hormone (GH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from the implant surface. The present research focused on porous ceramic hydroxyapatite (PCHA) implants. In the past the PCHA implants were machined on a lathe out of simple blocks of PCHA ceramic. This was a tedious and cumbersome method, often resulting in implants with undesirable characteristics: different porosities, cracks and fractures. Therefore a moulding technique was developed to sinter near-net-shaped PCHA implants at 2 different sintering temperatures: 1170 degrees C and 1280 degrees C, resulting in PCHA implants with porosities of 62.06% (PCHA type 1) and 40.74% (PCHA type 2), respectively. After 1 h incubation in a 10(-2) M solution of PCP, the total amounts adsorbed onto PCHA type 1 and type 2 were 114.9 +/- 2.1 micrograms and 46.1 +/- 1.5 micrograms, respectively. This was approximately 5 times higher than after incubation for 1 wk in a 10(-4) M solution of PCP. The total amounts of PCP released after the observation period of 75 d from PCHA type 1 and type 2 after incubation in the 10(-2) M solution were 103.1 +/- 1.8 micrograms and 42.8 +/- 1.5 micrograms, respectively. The total amounts released from type 1 and 2 after incubation in the 10(-4) M solution were 7.4 +/- 0.4 micrograms and 4.1 +/- 0.1 micrograms, respectively. After 2 wk of incubation in a liver/bone/kidney ALP solution the total amount of ALP adsorbed onto PCHA type 1 implants was 5039 +/- 412 mU/ml. The total amounts of ALP released were 4674 +/- 438 mU/ml and 53 +/- 20 mU/ml after 1 and 2 wk, respectively. The release of ALP was high at the beginning but slowed down thereafter. It was evident that despite the well-known high bonding affinity of PCP to HA the release of PCP occurred steadily, over a long period of time in vitro.
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PMID:Net-shaped hydroxyapatite implants for release of agents modulating periodontal-like tissues. 908 41

This study was aimed at investigating the potential of a new polycarbophil-cysteine (PCP-Cys)/glutathione (GSH) gel formulation to enhance the permeation of the model drug human growth hormone (hGH) across nasal mucosa in vitro and in vivo. The aqueous nasal gel contained PCP-Cys, GSH, and hGH in a final concentration of 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.6% (m/v), respectively. In vitro permeation studies were performed in Ussing chambers on freshly excised bovine nasal mucosa using fluorescence-labeled dextran (molecular mass: 4.3 kDa; FD-4) and hGH (FITC-hGH). The release profile of FITC-hGH from the gel formulation and an unmodified PCP control formulation was determined. Furthermore, in vivo studies in rats were performed comparing the PCP-Cys/GSH/hGH gel with PCP/hGH control gel and physiological saline. The permeation of FD-4 and FITC-hGH across the nasal mucosa was improved two-fold and three-fold, respectively, in the presence of PCP-Cys/GSH. The PCP-Cys/GSH/hGH gel and the PCP/hGH control gel showed the same biphasic and matrix-controlled drug release. The nasal administration of the PCP-Cys/GSH/hGH gel formulation to rats resulted in a significantly increased and prolonged hGH plasma concentration-time profile versus unmodified PCP gel and physiological saline. According to these results, PCP-Cys gels might represent a promising new strategy for systemic nasal polypeptide delivery.
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PMID:Thiomers in noninvasive polypeptide delivery: in vitro and in vivo characterization of a polycarbophil-cysteine/glutathione gel formulation for human growth hormone. 1517 58

It was the aim of this study to develop and evaluate a nasal microparticulate delivery system for human growth hormone (hGH) based on the thiomer polycarbophil-cysteine (PCP-Cys) in combination with the permeation mediator glutathione (GSH). Microparticles were prepared by dissolving PCP-Cys/GSH/hGH (7.5:1:1.5), PCP/hGH (8.5:1.5), and mannitol/hGH (8.5:1.5) in demineralized water, followed by lyophilization and micronization. Particles were evaluated with regard to size distribution and swelling behavior using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The release of fluorescence-labelled hGH from microparticles was determined in Franz diffusion chambers. In vivo studies in rats were performed comparing the nasal bioavailability achieved by PCP-Cys/GSH/hGH microparticles with that of unmodified PCP/hGH microparticles and mannitol/hGH powder. PCP-Cys/GSH/hGH and PCP/hGH microparticles showed a comparable size distribution (80% in the range of 4.8-23 microm) and swelled to almost fourfold size in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Both formulations exhibited almost identical sustained drug release profiles. The intranasal administration of the PCP-Cys/GSH/hGH microparticulate formulation resulted in a relative bioavailability of 8.11+/-2.15%, which represents a 3-fold and 3.3-fold improvement compared to that of PCP/hGH microparticles and mannitol/hGH powder, respectively. The study suggests that the PCP-Cys/GSH/hGH nasal microparticulate formulation might represent a promising novel tool for the systemic delivery of hGH.
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PMID:Nasal delivery of human growth hormone: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a thiomer/glutathione microparticulate delivery system. 1549 13