Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review focuses of industrial chemicals that research has indicated may adversely affect human male reproductive capacity. The study of male reproductive toxicity is impeded by a dearth of clinical endpoints. Males lack an obvious and easily measurable reproductive cycle, and the primary clinical indicator, semen analysis, offers unsure clues to reproductive performance. However, progress is being made in developing and evaluating tests to identify chemical hazards and estimate human health risks. Agents with confirmed adverse effects of male reproduction include carbon disulfide, dibromocklopropane, lead, and oral contraceptives. Agents with inconclusive effects include anesthetic gases, arsenic, benzene, boron, cadmium, carbaryl, chlordecone, chloroprene, DNT and TDA, ethylene dibromide, manganese, mercury, pesticides, PCP, radiation ionizing and nonionizing, solvents, dioxin, and vinyl chloride. Finally, agents with no observed adverse effects include epichlorohydrin, glycerine, benzoic acid, and polybrominated biphenyls. The literature suggests a need for further research in the following areas: 1) chemicals that are reactive and capable of covalent interactions in biological systems, 2) chemicals defined as mutagens and/or carcinogens in short-term laboratory tests, 3) chemicals demonstrated to cause aneuploidy or other chromosomal aberrations, 4) chemicals that affect sperm motility in vitro, 5) chemicals that share hormonal activity or affect hormone action, and 6) chemicals that act directly or indirectly to affect the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.
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PMID:Occupational exposures associated with male reproductive dysfunction. 240 59

The internal pH (pHi) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, wild type strain and its mutant rho- has been measured by the intra-extracellular distribution of 14C-benzoic acid. The values of pHi (external pH 4.5) change with the yeast strain and depend on the cellular metabolic conditions. The values of pHi and proton gradient in the wild type yeast are higher in energized than in starved cells: in energized cells pHi, 6.15 to 6.40, delta pH 1.65 to 1.90 or -97 to -112 mV; starved cells pH 5.90, delta pH 1.40 or -82 mV. In the rho- mutant, the values are lower than in the wild type yeast, in the same metabolic conditions. Energized rho- mutant cells, pH 6.05, delta pH 1.55 or -91 mV; starved cells, pHi 5.70, delta pH 1.20 or -71 mV. The proton conductors, DNP and PCP produce a decrease in pHi and delta pH and inhibition of L-leucine entrance by system S1, high affinity and low velocity and system S2, low affinity and high velocity. The obtained values of delta pH decrease and L-leucine transport inhibition, demonstrate that there is no strict relationship between the proton gradient across the cell membrane and the process of transport of L-leucine in yeast.
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PMID:[Determination of intracellular pH by the distribution of benzoic acid in S. cerevisiae. Amino acid transport and proton gradient]. 284 76