Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five infants and two young children were treated at a large children's hospital for phencyclidine intoxication. The clinical symptoms and signs were mostly neurologic, including diminished response to tactile and verbal stimuli (100%), ataxia (71%), nystagmus (57%), constricted pupils (57%), depressed sensorium, and stupor associated with a blank, expressionless stare (57%). Notably absent were the behavioral aberrations such as aggression, which are usually seen with PCP intoxication in older children and adults. The possibility of drug intoxication was denied by most of the parents or surrogate parents accompanying these small children and infants for treatment. It is suggested that a systematic investigation for possible PCP exposure, including a urine toxicology screen for PCP (preferably by immunoassay methods), be conducted whenever an infant or child is brought for emergency treatment of unresponsiveness, bizarre behavior, dyskinesis, dystonic posturing, atypical oculomotor and pupil findings, or evidence of hallucinations.
 ...
PMID:PCP intoxication in seven young children. 379 69

Two groups of eight rats were trained to obtain food pellets in an 8-arm radial maze. Stable performance was assumed to be present when a criterion of 89% efficiency, i.e., all arms entered within 9 arm entries, was reached in 5 consecutive sessions. The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) and N-allyl-N-normetazocine (SKF-10,047) were then evaluated in Group 1. The interaction between verapamil and PCP was examined in Group II. Both PCP (6 mg/kg, IP, 15 min before testing) and SKF-10,047 (30 mg/kg, IP, 30 min) decreased efficiency but only PCP caused a concurrent increase in rate of arm entry. Significant effects of PCP on rate and efficiency lasted for greater than 6 hours and less than 40 minutes, respectively. Verapamil (20 mg/kg, IP, 30 minutes) was found to selectively potentiate the effect of PCP on efficiency. This finding does not support the suggestion that verapamil may be useful in the treatment of PCP intoxication. It is concluded that the radial maze may provide an interesting method for the study of PCP and other psychoactive drugs.
 ...
PMID:Effects of phencyclidine, N-allyl-N-normetazocine (SKF-10,047), and verapamil on performance in a radial maze. 395 9

Phencyclidine (PCP) in serum (5 ng/mL and higher) was quantitated by a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay procedure. Precision and accuracy data indicate that the procedure meets the requirements for a clinical assay. The short turnaround time for the assay makes it superior to other available methods for the emergency determination of PCP in serum. The analytical results were comparable to those by GC/MS on 70 samples tested. The serum concentration of PCP was determined in 500 specimens from 405 patients. In 216 patients with "pure" PCP intoxication, the serum concentration did not show a direct relationship to either the clinical pattern of intoxication or to the history of the route of PCP use.
 ...
PMID:Quantitation of phencyclidine in serum by enzyme immunoassay: results in 405 patients. 634 23

Subeffective doses (0.5 mg) of 3H-phencyclidine (PCP) were given intravenously to three healthy men under two regimens designed to alkalinize or acidify their urine (oral sodium bicarbonate or ammonium chloride). The concentrations of PCP and its metabolites in saliva, plasma, and urine for 7 hr after injection were determined by high-performance liquid radiochromatography. A sample of perspiration from one subject was analyzed. The effects of physical exercise on the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of PCP were also studied. Multiple linear regression analysis showed the logarithm of renal clearance the renal clearance of PCP. PCP and its metabolites are also excreted in perspiration. Our results support clinical reports of the importance of vigorous acidification of urine and diuresis in treatment of PCP intoxication.
 ...
PMID:Urine pH and phencyclidine excretion. 712 4

Phencyclidine (PCP), a widely abused drug currently, has multiple pharmacological actions, including psychotomimetic [1], anesthetic [2], sympathomimetic [2], anticholinergic [3-7], and dopaminergic [8-10]. Similarly, PCP intoxication in man can present with diverse symptoms: schizophrenia-like delusions and hallucinations; mania; violence, dyskinetic, catatonic, or stereotyped movements; hypertension; and coma [11, 12]. There is general agreement that the treatment of PCP intoxication includes support of vital functions and acidification of the urine [13]. However, there is no known specific antidote for PCP toxicity. Although diazepam [13], haloperidol [14, 15], and chlorpromazine [16] have been reported to improve the agitation and psychotic symptoms caused by PCP, the therapeutic efficacy of these agents has rarely been documented with objective clinical measures. Recently we found that intramuscular physostigmine and haloperidol [17, 18] improved several symptoms of acute PCP intoxication as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) [19].
 ...
PMID:Phencyclidine intoxication: assessment of possible antidotes. 713 17

Routine blood samples of 145 consecutive patients seen in the Los Angeles County Psychiatric Hospital Emergency Room during a 48-hour weekday period in June 1979 were examined for phencyclidine (PCP) using a sensitive and specific gas capillary gas chromatographic nitrogen detector (GC2-N) method. Of these 145 samples 63 (43.4%) were positive and PCP levels ranged 0.34 to 142.9 nanograms/ml (mean 14.6 ng/ml +/- 3.4 S.E.M.). An analysis of the records of these 63 patients revealed a wide variety of psychotic clinical pictures resembling mania, depression or schizophrenia with relatively few of the supposedly characteristic manifestations of PCP intoxication. Each of the 63 patients had at least one manifestation of toxic psychosis and/or acute delirium, in addition to the florid symptoms characteristic of functional states. PCP measurement, pharmacokinetics and the possible relationships of this intoxication to the psychiatric manifestations are discussed.
 ...
PMID:The urban epidemic of phencyclidine (PCP) use: clinical and laboratory evidence from a public psychiatric hospital emergency service. 721 23

Medical records of 107 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication were reviewed and in 27 of these the diagnosis was confirmed by positive urine assay. In the 27 confirmed cases, the most common abnormalities present on physical examination were mental/behavioral (89%) and nystagmus (85%). Elevations in blood pressure, temperature, and heart rate that were statistically significant when compared with an age-matched control group also were noted. Review of available medical records disclosed that 13 of these patients had been evaluated previously at our institution for PCP intoxication. Toxicological screening tests including blood alcohol level, hypnotic screen, and urine test for alkaloids, were performed on 11 patients and found positive in four. The most common serious medical complication requiring hospitalization was rhabdomyolysis which occurred on three patients, two of whom developed acute renal failure. This complication may occur more frequently than previously recognized and should be excluded in patients with PCP intoxication.
 ...
PMID:Phencyclidine intoxication: clinical experience in 27 cases confirmed by urine assay. 722 72

Pretreatment (IP) of mice with (-) baclofen, muscimol, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo (S,4-c) pyridin-3-ol hydrate (THIP), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) or gamma-acetylenic GABA caused a dose-dependent inhibition of thelocomotor stimulant effect of phencyclidine (PCP, 8 mg/kg). Although (-) baclofen was found to be the most effective PCP antagonist, its (+) isomer was inactive. The maximum blocking effect of AOAA was seen in animals treated 3 and 6 hr earlier. Except for gamma-acetylenic GABA, none of these drugs significantly blocked the locomotor stimulant effect of d-amphetamine (3 mg/kg, IP). Diazepam reduced d-amphetamine response, but failed to influence PCP-induced stimulation. The locomotor stimulant effect of PCP, unlike that of d-amphetamine, may be the result of a specific GABA antagonistic effect at certain dopamine-rich areas of the brain. It seems that (-) baclofen may prove to be useful in the management of PCP intoxication. Administration of higher doses of PCP (20 and 50 mg/kg) in mice pretreated with (-) baclofen resulted in the development of surgical anesthesia manifested as the loss of a) righting reflex, b) pain sensation and c) corneal reflex. The duration of the general anesthetic response was found to be a function of the doses of both (-) baclofen and PCP. The possible use of (-) baclofen as an adjuvant to general anesthetic is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Interaction between phencyclidine (PCP) and GABA-ergic drugs: clinical implications. 736 54

Six cases of PCP intoxication in young children age 5 years and younger seen at UCLA Medical Center recently and 10 other cases from the literature are described and their clinical findings summarized. PCP intoxication should be suspected in young children and infants presenting with rapid onset of lethargy or coma, strange behavior, staring spells, ataxia, and nystagmus. Other findings less frequent but still suspect are opisthotonos, hypertension, tachypnea or hyperpnea, miosis, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, and rigidity. Once suspected, the diagnosis is most easily made by finding PCP in the urine. Proper diagnosis of PCP intoxication is important to ensure that rapid, appropriate treatment is given, costly diagnostic workups are avoided, and family evaluations are instituted. One case strongly suggests that intoxication in infants may result from accidental inhalation when near individuals who are smoking PCP.
 ...
PMID:PCP intoxication in young children and infants. 738 38

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic whose abuse is a growing problem. Historically, its effects have been considered remarkably like those of the schizophrenic state, but in vitro and in vivo neuropharmacologic data are somewhat inconsistent with the dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia. The physiologic and psychiatric manifestations of PCP intoxication are diverse and somewhat dose dependent. Urine acidification may hasten drug excretion.
 ...
PMID:Phencyclidine intoxication: insights into a growing problem of drug abuse. 743


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>