Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the major trans-boundary animal diseases in East Africa causing economic loss to farmers and other stakeholders in the livestock industry. Foot-and-mouth disease occurs widely in both Uganda and Tanzania with annual outbreaks recorded. With the recent introduction of the Progressive Control Pathway for FMD control (PCP-FMD) in eastern Africa, knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of FMD at the border area between Uganda and Tanzania is helpful in framing engagement with the initial stages of the PCP. Retrospective data collected between 2011 and 2016 from four districts located along the border areas of Uganda and Tanzania, recorded 23 and 59 FMD outbreaks, respectively, for the entire study period. Analysis showed that 46% of the 82 recorded outbreaks occurred in 20% of sub-counties and wards immediately neighbouring the Uganda-Tanzania border and 69.5% of the outbreaks occurred during the dry months. While the serotypes of the FMD virus responsible for most outbreaks reported in this region were not known, previous research reported South African Territory (SAT) 1, SAT 2 and O to be the serotypes in circulation. The results from this study provide evidence of the endemic status of FMD on the Uganda-Tanzania border and emphasise that the border area should be given due consideration during FMD control drives and that cross-border coordination should be prioritised. With the limited data on circulating serotypes in this area, there is a need for more vigilance on FMD case detection, laboratory diagnostic confirmation and provision of more complete documentation of outbreaks. This work further recommends more studies on cross-border livestock movement coupled with phylogenetics in order to understand the spread of the FMD in the border area.
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PMID:Spatial and temporal distribution of foot-and-mouth disease in four districts situated along the Uganda-Tanzania border: Implications for cross-border efforts in disease control. 3055 8

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an important transboundary disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants. Due to FMD outbreaks, the annual economic losses in endemic countries range from USD 6.1 billion to 200 billion. It also restricts the export of animals/animal by-products to FMD-free countries. FMD-free countries can experience a more severe economic loss due to the culling of infected animals as experienced by the UK in 2001 outbreaks. In endemic countries outbreaks occur mainly due to unrestricted animal movements. This creates a difficult situation in an endemic setting for controlling FMD spread to nearby areas. During post-vaccination surveillance, testing of serum samples using single test may not be able to substantiate complete freedom from infection. Thus, there is a requirement of more sensitive, robust, and accurate diagnostic tests to detect the FMDV infection/virus circulation in the vaccinated population with more accuracy than the available diagnostic tests. This can be achieved by using multiple antigens and setting the criteria for the positivity/negativity of the samples. Thus, this review emphasizes the comparison and the practical utility of the available diagnostic tests which detect antibodies against single antigen with those which detect antibodies against multiple antigens in single testing. It also emphasizes the utility of these tests in PCP-FMD (Progressive Control Pathway for Foot-and-Mouth Disease) going on in endemic countries.
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PMID:Multiplexed DIVA tests for rapid detection of FMDV infection/circulation in endemic countries. 3183 14