Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A previously healthy 30-year-old black woman with no history of substance abuse was hospitalized after she attempted to drown her 4-year-old son. She had become progressively confused and delusional after a flu-like illness 2 weeks before. Serum and lumbar CSF samples assayed for phencyclidine (PCP) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with d5 PCP as an internal standard were positive. The patient recovered rapidly after treatment with haloperidol and acidification of her urine. Suspicion of PCP abuse should remain high among patients with psychosis, even for those with no history of substance abuse.
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PMID:Phencyclidine in CSF and serum: a case of attempted filicide by a mother without a history of substance abuse. 373 77

Phencyclidine (PCP), a widely abused drug currently, has multiple pharmacological actions, including psychotomimetic [1], anesthetic [2], sympathomimetic [2], anticholinergic [3-7], and dopaminergic [8-10]. Similarly, PCP intoxication in man can present with diverse symptoms: schizophrenia-like delusions and hallucinations; mania; violence, dyskinetic, catatonic, or stereotyped movements; hypertension; and coma [11, 12]. There is general agreement that the treatment of PCP intoxication includes support of vital functions and acidification of the urine [13]. However, there is no known specific antidote for PCP toxicity. Although diazepam [13], haloperidol [14, 15], and chlorpromazine [16] have been reported to improve the agitation and psychotic symptoms caused by PCP, the therapeutic efficacy of these agents has rarely been documented with objective clinical measures. Recently we found that intramuscular physostigmine and haloperidol [17, 18] improved several symptoms of acute PCP intoxication as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) [19].
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PMID:Phencyclidine intoxication: assessment of possible antidotes. 713 17

Both stimulant-induced and phencyclidine (PCP)-induced psychoses have been proposed as models of the idiopathic psychosis of schizopherenia. In this two-part study, the phenomenology of the psychosis associated with a period of cocaine intoxication was evaluated retrospectively in 34 male crack cocaine-dependent patients without concomitant psychiatric disorder and then was compared with the psychosis of 16 actively psychotic schizophrenic men (without a history of drug or alcohol abuse in the past year). Certain First Rank Schneiderian Symptoms (FRSS) were more commonly observed in the schizophrenic patients (e.g., thought broadcasting, thought withdrawal) than in the cocaine addicts. In the second part of this study, we retrospectively examined the cocaine and PCP experiences of an additional 22 cocaine addicts who had a past history of separate periods of cocaine and PCP use. Overall, the frequency of FRSS recalled during periods of cocaine and PCP intoxication was similar. However, the psychosis related to cocaine intoxication was more associated with an intense suspiciousness and paranoia related to a fear of being discovered or harmed while using cocaine. PCP-induced psychosis was less associated with suspiciousness and more associated with delusions of physical power, altered sensations, and unusual experiences [e.g., out of body experiences, experiencing religious figures or events directly (e.g., being with Noah at the time of the Arc)]. As elements of both cocaine and PCP psychosis can be found in schizophrenia, a model integrating the mechanisms of several psychotogenic drugs may be more informative. Such an integrative model might better capture the heterogeneity of psychotic symptoms that can be seen in schizophrenia. Furthermore, different pharmacologic interventions (e.g., "anti-stimulant" versus "anti-PCP") might address different aspects of the positive symptom picture in schizophrenia.
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PMID:Phenomenologic comparison of the idiopathic psychosis of schizophrenia and drug-induced cocaine and phencyclidine psychoses: a retrospective study. 931 84

Phencyclidine (PCP) is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor channel noncompetitive antagonist that produces some of the symptoms of schizophrenia, including delusions, hallucinations, and negative symptoms as well as cognitive impairment. Thus, administration of PCP to rodents and nonhuman primates has been suggested to provide a potential animal model for schizophrenia. There have been some reports that 7-14 days of PCP administration can bring about enduring impairments in working memory in rodents but not all studies have been consistent in this regard. The present study determined whether repeated PCP administration impaired spatial performance in rats or mice trained to make minimal errors in an eight-arm radial maze task with a delay. Male Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6J mice received 14 daily injection of vehicle or PCP (10 mg/kg, s.c.) followed by a withdrawal period of 1 week. The number of arm reentry errors and the distance traveled to complete the task were not significantly different between PCP-treated and vehicle-treated rats on 2, 8, and 14 days of PCP administration or 8 days following withdrawal of PCP. Mice treated with PCP for up to 2 weeks also had no significant differences in the number of arm reentry errors, travel distances, the numbers of visits to different arms during the first eight choices, or latencies to take all eight pellets compared to the vehicle-treated group. Thus, the present study failed to demonstrate that repeated administration of PCP to rats or mice produces enduring memory impairment. Factors potentially contributing to the discrepancies between various studies are discussed.
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PMID:Effect of repeated administration of phencyclidine on spatial performance in an eight-arm radial maze with delay in rats and mice. 1287 24

In this paper, we have outlined the neurobiological basis of alcohol and drug dependence. The prevalence of drug dependence is a serious social problem in many countries, including Japan. This problem involves many background factors, including those pertaining to medical sciences, socio economics, and politics. First, we briefly describe the findings pertaining to psychotomimetic drugs as a model of schizophrenia. The biological pathogenesis of schizophrenic disorders is still unknown. The symptoms of methamphetamine (MAP) and phencyclidine (PCP) psychoses are very similar to those of schizophrenic disorders involving hallucination or delusion. PCP causes not only positive symptoms but also negative symptoms. Therefore, it has been considered as a more comprehensive model of schizophrenia than other drugs. Furthermore, amotivational syndrome, which is observed in patients with chronic cannabis and organic solvent dependence, is similar to the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Understanding the neurobiological basis of drug dependence by using the molecular biological approach will provide an important clue for elucidating the mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and endogenous psychiatric disorders. Next, we discuss account for the neurobiological mechanisms underlying drug dependence. The reward system in the brain, which is common for all dependent drugs, has been explained, and the stages of addiction corresponding to the development of drug dependence have been discussed followed. In addition, we have discussed the epigenetics aspects of substance dependence, which is one of the hottest topics in psychiatric genetics. We expect that further studies of the mechanisms underlying drug dependence will aid in elucidating of the pathophysiology of various psychiatric diseases.
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PMID:[Alcohol and substance dependence]. 2230 61