Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To review the existing experience in prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Georgia the comprehensive PMTCT state program was started in 2005. Georgia was the first among the former Soviet Countries that ensured the universal access to PMTCT throughout the Country. According to the National PMTCT protocol, all pregnant women are offered Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV infection at Women Health Centers, maternity hospitals, and regional hospitals of Georgia. Positive results are referred to the Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center (IDACIRC) for the confirmation and management that implies: antiretroviral therapy, caesarean section, infant feeding by formula and PCP prophylaxis by TMP-CTX. Data were collected using National HIV/AIDS Data Base. Prevalence of HIV among pregnant women attending VCT services in 2005-2008 years was 0.03%. Throughout the period 1999-2008 total 84 pregnancies were registered at the IDACIRC, among them 77 pregnancies were monitored by IDACIRC. Prophylactic strategy was tailored individually according to the national acting guideline, women gestation age, HIV disease stage, ARV's availability, etc. Totally 36 pregnant women received full PMTCT service. In this group no vertical transmission of HIV infection was recorded. 33 pregnant women received partial PMTCT service. The reasons were: late HIV diagnosis, limited access to ARV (from 1999 till 2004), refusal by pregnant woman. Number of HIV transmission cases was 3 in this group. As of November, 2008 eight women are still pregnant. Since 2005 Georgia ensured comprehensive and sustainable PMTCT service throughout the Country and universal access for all pregnant women. Provision of full package of this service minimized the risk of vertical transmission.
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PMID:Implementation of PMTCT in Georgia. 1912 12

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an innovative molecular technique requiring only a heating device and isothermal conditions to amplify a specific target gene. The results of current microscopic diagnostic tools for pneumocystis pneumonia are not sufficiently consistent for detecting infection with a low-density of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is highly sensitive, it is not suitable for resource-limited facilities. LAMP is a potential diagnostic replacement for PCR in such settings but a critical disadvantage of DNA extraction was still remained. Therefore, we employed the Procedure for Ultra Rapid Extraction (PURE) kit, which uses a porous material, to isolate the DNA from clinical samples in a simple way in combination with previously reported LAMP procedure for diagnosing PCP. The detection limit of the PURE-LAMP method applied to artificial bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples was 100 copies/tube, even with the use of massive blood-contaminated solutions. In addition, we concluded the diagnostic procedure within 1 h without the need for additional equipment. PURE-LAMP coupled with suitable primers for specific pathogens has good potential for diagnosing various infectious diseases.
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PMID:Loop-mediated isothermal amplification with the Procedure for Ultra Rapid Extraction kit for the diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia. 2545 47

The incidence of HIV-related opportunistic infections (OIs) has declined in the United States with the increasing use of effective antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. However, the absolute number of patients with OIs remains high and there continues to be considerable associated mortality. OI guidelines from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America continue to be updated on a regular basis, several times per year, as optimal strategies for prevention and therapy evolve. Recommendations that have changed in these guidelines include: screening for cryptococcal antigen and treatment of asymptomatic antigenemia; empiric treatment of shigellosis infection in light of the recent spread of multidrug-resistant strains; the relative roles of vancomycin and metronidazole in diarrheal illness related to Clostridium difficile; and diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP; formerly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia). This article summarizes a presentation by Henry Masur, MD, at the IAS-USA continuing education program held in Washington, DC, in May 2015.
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PMID:HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections Are Still Relevant in 2015. 2651 95

Infection with the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Pneumocystis jirovecii causes life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. In addition to HIV-1 infected patients, individuals at risk of Pneumocystis infection include those receiving immunosuppressive therapies due to transplantation, cancer or autoimmune disease. Antibiotic treatment is not always successful, and it does not prevent obstructive lung disease after clearance of the pathogen. Therefore, it is essential to develop therapeutic alternatives that are more effective against PCP. We reported that Pneumocystis recombinant protein KEX1 induces protective immunity against the development of PCP in a non-human primate model of HIV-induced immunosuppression. In this study, we tested the immunogenicity KEX1 immunization of healthy rhesus macaques and the durability of these responses during drug-induced immunosuppression using tacrolimus (FK506) and methylprednisolone. We observed that vaccination with KEX1 prior to the start of the immunosuppressive regimen generated a robust and long-lasting antibody response that was maintained throughout the immunosuppressive treatment. Furthermore, boosting with KEX1 during immunosuppression induced recall of memory responses against recombinant KEX1. The durability of the anti-KEX1 response and the ability to induce a recall response during immunosuppressive therapy provide a proof-of-concept data supporting further investigation of the KEX1 as a prophylactic vaccine to prevent PCP in drug-induced immunosuppression. This approach provides fundamental knowledge for the elaboration of therapeutic and prophylactic alternatives for PCP in patients undergoing severe immunosuppressive therapy.
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PMID:Immunization with Pneumocystis recombinant KEX1 induces robust and durable humoral responses in immunocompromised non-human primates. 3284 Apr 16


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