Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Either phencyclidine (PCP) (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) or saline was administered SC to pregnant CF-1 mice during either MID (E6-E15) or LATE (E12-E18) gestation. Because of the reported prolonged persistence of PCP in adult tissues we first determined its half-life in fetal brain for both treatment periods. PCP appeared rapidly in fetal tissues after maternal administration but was not detected after 8 hours. Then, other treated and control litters were fostered to untreated controls, growth determined and the ontogeny of isolation-induced aggressive behavior examined. Subteratogenic doses of PCP produced mild maternal toxicity without lethality. There was an apparent selective embryolethal effect on males but PCP did not produce an effect on postnatal growth. Prenatal PCP did not alter the ontogeny or intensity of isolation-induced aggressive behavior in male offspring. The results are discussed in relation to other prenatal studies of PCP toxicity and teratogenicity.
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PMID:Phencyclidine during pregnancy: fetal brain levels and neurobehavioral effects. 322 78

The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on the fighting of individually housed male mice were examined (1) after different lengths (5-35 days) of individual housing, and (2) in mice of different ages (35, 70 or 170 days old) at the onset of individual housing. Significant increases in the total time spent fighting in a 10-minute aggression test were observed at 19-21 and 32-35 days of individual housing with 1.25 mg/kg PCP and at 10 and 32-35 days with 2.50 mg/kg PCP. Relative to control groups, the percentage of mice fighting after 19-21 and 32-35 days of individual housing was significantly decreased with 2.5 mg/kg. At 1.25 mg/kg, PCP increased total fighting time and decreased the latency to the first fight in mice at 35 or 70, but not 170 days of age at the onset of individual housing. No increases in motor activity in individually housed mice were recorded at these doses. These results suggest that PCP may facilitate fighting in mice when individually housed for a minimum of 10 days.
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PMID:The effects of phencyclidine on fighting in differentially housed mice. 368 68

Five infants and two young children were treated at a large children's hospital for phencyclidine intoxication. The clinical symptoms and signs were mostly neurologic, including diminished response to tactile and verbal stimuli (100%), ataxia (71%), nystagmus (57%), constricted pupils (57%), depressed sensorium, and stupor associated with a blank, expressionless stare (57%). Notably absent were the behavioral aberrations such as aggression, which are usually seen with PCP intoxication in older children and adults. The possibility of drug intoxication was denied by most of the parents or surrogate parents accompanying these small children and infants for treatment. It is suggested that a systematic investigation for possible PCP exposure, including a urine toxicology screen for PCP (preferably by immunoassay methods), be conducted whenever an infant or child is brought for emergency treatment of unresponsiveness, bizarre behavior, dyskinesis, dystonic posturing, atypical oculomotor and pupil findings, or evidence of hallucinations.
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PMID:PCP intoxication in seven young children. 379 69

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a major drug of abuse as well as a 'drug of choice' among substance abusers in the U. S. A. Unfortunately, PCP use may result in the development of psychotic behavior. PCP-induced psychosis is characterized by confusion, excitation, aggression, paranoia, hallucinations and delusions of grandeur and may evoke violent or suicidal behavior. Therefore, many patients suffering from PCP-induced psychosis have been diagnosed initially as schizophrenic. However, PCP-related research has not kept pace with the rise in abuse and PCP-induced psychosis. The neurochemical effects of PCP are not well defined at present, but both behavioral and biochemical studies suggest that it may interact with dopaminergic, cholinergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, GABAergic and enkephalinergic systems. In addition, the specific reversible, saturable, high affinity 3H-PCP binding site is discovered recently in rat brain. On the other hand, there is now a large body of evidence to suggest that opiate receptors may be subdivided into mu, sigma, kappa and delta receptors. On the basis of behavioral and binding studies, it is proposed that the sigma receptor and the PCP binding site are one and the same. This receptor interacts with PCP and psychotomimetic opioids to produce their psychotomimetic effects. In connection with this receptor, a trial to isolate an endogenous ligand produces psychotomimetic effects, "angeldustin" is progressing. This review has served to illustrate the paucity of information currently available on the central effects of PCP. However, our current notions of the mechanisms of action of PCP are very complicate. Such a review inevitably raises more question than it answers but it is hoped that these may stimulate further investigation in this field.
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PMID:[Phencyclidine, a drug which induces psychosis: its neuropharmacological actions]. 639 56

Effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on shock-induced and spontaneous aggression in the squirrel monkey were determined. The delivery of response-independent, fixed-time (4', S-S interval) electric shock to the tail of a restrained squirrel monkey generated post-shock, hose-bite attack responses and pre-shock lever press non-attack responses. In a separate procedure shock was not delivered and spontaneous aggression responses were measured. A PCP dose response function (0.01-1.0 mg/kg SC) was determined for each procedure. In the shock-induced aggression procedure initial increases in attack were observed but upon a second determination of the dose effect curve this effect decreased and an increase in non-attack was noted. PCP produced increases in non-attack responding at high dosages in the spontaneous aggression procedure.
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PMID:Effects of phencyclidine on aggressive behavior in squirrel monkeys. 668 27

The effects of phencyclidine on aggressive behavior in mice and the possible mechanism of action for these effects were examined. PCP at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg significantly decreased the number of attacks by resident mice toward intruders. Significant increases in the number of attacks by non-drugged residents toward the intruders who were given high doses of PCP (6.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) were observed. Only the higher doses of PCP (6.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) significantly increased the duration of locomotion. The increase in locomotion was dependent upon the time after administration of the drug. Hyperactivity was present at 30 minutes for both doses and hypoactivity was present at three hours after administration of 3.0 mg/kg. PCP did not significantly alter the frequency of attacks in an unfamiliar test locale. Pretreatment with haloperidol (1 mg/kg) partially blocked the PCP-induced hyperactivity but pretreatment with methysergide (3 mg/kg) did not. Neither haloperidol nor methysergide blocked the suppressive effects of PCP on aggressive behavior. It is concluded that PCP does not increase aggressive behavior in mice but high doses will decrease aggression. PCP-treated intruder animals provoke more aggression by non-drugged animals. PCP-induced hyperactivity appears to be mediated by dopaminergic systems.
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PMID:Effects of phencyclidine on aggressive behavior in mice. 689 Jun 86

When the authors investigated aggressive behavior on a phencyclidine (PCP) detoxification and rehabilitation unit and compared similar types of behavior on a heroin unit, they found no differences between the two units. The urinary PCP levels of a subgroup of 75 patients admitted to the PCP unit who had PCP-positive urine were significantly higher than those of 75 patients admitted to an acute psychiatric ward because of violent behavior who also had PCP-positive urine. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and the need for more information on the relationship between PCP levels in blood and urine and behavior.
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PMID:Chronic phencyclidine abuse and physical assault. 714 62

This study examined effects of acute doses of phencyclidine (PCP; 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on intra-specific aggressive behavior and muricide in normal rats and rats deprived of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Dose-related changes in intra-specific aggression and muricide occurred in REM sleep-deprived rats only. Dose-response curves are inverted-U shaped with the .05 mg/kg dose producing increases in aggression. Intra-specific aggression and muricide may serve as models of PCP-induced aggression in humans.
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PMID:Phencyclidine produces aggressive behavior in rapid eye movement sleep-deprived rats. 720 54

The objective of the present experiments was to characterize psychomotor stimulant effects of d-amphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and phencyclidine (PCP) on conditioned performance and on aggressive behavior in mice. In a novel protocol with alternating periods of schedule-controlled responding and aggressive behavior toward an intruder it was possible to assess a range of species-specific agonistic acts, postures, and motor activities as well as response rates and patterns engendered by a multiple Fixed Interval (FI) and Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule within the same animal. Initially, it was confirmed that d-amphetamine and, less reliably, MDMA and PCP, increased FI, but not FR responding in mice. In the next experiment, mice confronted an intruder at the midpoint of the 1-h daily session; following the display of aggressive behavior, the rate of FI responding showed an amphetamine-like increase, whereas only a transient change occurred after non-aggressive encounters. Thirdly, using this new protocol, PCP, d-amphetamine and MDMA altered FI and FR responding in a way that was closely similar to the first experiment. Low PCP and d-amphetamine doses increased aggressive behavior erratically in certain individuals, but not reliably for the group. MDMA dose-dependently decreased aggressive behavior, and all drugs disrupted aggressive behavior at higher doses. The characteristic increases in walking and decreases in rearing after higher doses of PCP and d-amphetamine were greatly attenuated when the intruder was present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Psychomotor stimulant effects of d-amphetamine, MDMA and PCP: aggressive and schedule-controlled behavior in mice. 787 Oct 76

Previous studies indicate that PCP users have different characteristics from other drug users and that female PCP use is more common than use among males. Furthermore, there is evidence that those who respond to PCP with violence may differ from those who do not. This study attempted to examine comprehensively the psychological, behavioral, and background factors among female jail inmates that may contribute to a PCP preference and subjects' perception of various behavioral states while using PCP. Female PCP users were further examined relative to male PCP users to differentiate them on the basis of these perceptual factors. A distinction was further made between females and males prone to PCP-induced violence and those who do not become violent with respect to the above psychological and behavioral measures. Our results showed differences between male and female PCP users that are discrepant with the assumption that men and women perceive similar drug-related experiences. In particular, female PCP using subjects reported more dysphoria and aggressiveness when not using PCP, while male subjects were more likely to report aggressive behavior and dysphoria under the influence. Overall, these results suggest that males who prefer PCP may be self-stimulating and females who prefer PCP may be attempting to self-medicate.
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PMID:Female PCP-using jail detainees: proneness to violence and gender differences. 873 May 18


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