Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.16.2 (PCP)
 3,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

New and stronger anti-HIV treatments are decreasing AIDS mortality and opportunistic infections statistics. Studies in Baltimore, New Orleans, and France showed significant drops in new cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Kaposi's sarcoma, and PCP. Drug side effects and drug adherence remain problematic. It appears that even a short-term reduction in viral load can produce long-term improvement in health and increase T4 cell count. Researchers speculate that HIV is less able to cause damage to the immune system when it mutates to become resistant to combination anti-HIV treatment. Another theory is that even small short-term reductions in HIV levels benefit the immune system.
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PMID:Good news about HIV treatments. 1136 24

A new study to be presented at the 12th World AIDS Conference demonstrates that IL-2 dramatically restores immune function in people with AIDS. The study group included patients with fewer than 200 CD4-cells and a history of severe AIDS-related complications including CMV retinitis, PCP, wasting syndrome, KS, and Cryptococcal meningitis. In the study, CD4 counts rose 96 percent when IL-2 was added to protease inhibitor therapy. The increases were sustained, and naive cells increased as well. Most common side effects included fever, fatigue, sinus congestion, and headache; most side effects stopped within 24 hours of completing the treatment cycle. The findings represent new hope for people whose immune systems are substantially compromised. Contact information is provided.
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PMID:New data on IL-2. 1136 33

A 27-year-old woman, who is being successfully treated for HIV, has mostly normal results from physical examinations and feels well. Yet she had a chest X-ray that showed prominent perihilar adenopathy and a miliary pattern in all lung fields. Medical records from an open lung biopsy, photographs taken during the biopsy, and the pathology reports reveal histoplasma capsulatum infection, a rare occurrence in late-stage HIV infection, especially without concurrent symptoms including fever, wasting, cytopenias, and oral and intestinal ulcerations. It is not known whether the patient's highly active antiretroviral therapy allowed her to react to this organism as immunocompetent persons do, which is with well-formed granulomas. Her travel history was evaluated and showed that she had briefly passed through histoplasma-endemic areas of the southern United States. However, tests for histoplasma antigens returned negative, as did tests for serum histoplasma antibodies. Two immunohistochemical stainings for PCP were also both negative. The patient is being treated with Itraconazole, and may also be treated with a 3-week course of atovaquone for recurrent PCP.
AIDS Clin Care 1998 Aug
PMID:An alarming x-ray in a patient who feels well. 1136 83

HIV/AIDS was the subject of some of the presentations at the annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (ISDA). The most significant presentation was by Dr. Anthony Fauci, who described the possibility of using IL-2 to purge latently-infected CD4 cells. Other presentations covered treatment of primary HIV infection, updates on developments of nucleoside inhibitors, an efavirenz (EFV) update, PCP prophylaxis, care delivery options, and co-infection with tuberculosis.
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PMID:Report on HIV/AIDS from IDSA: news from the mile high city. 1136 59

There is mounting evidence that AIDS patients on successful therapy may be able to stop taking prophylactic drugs for opportunistic infections (OIs). Draft revisions of the U.S. Public Health Service=s AGuidelines for the Prevention of Opportunistic Infections@ urges stopping primary PCP prophylaxis in people whose CD4 counts increase to above 200 cells/mm3 for at least 3 to 6 months. Results of the EuroSIDA study of 7,333 patients from across Europe and Israel show that people with rebounding CD4 counts can tolerate discontinuation of PCP prophylaxis. Results of other studies supporting this conclusion are briefly reviewed. Summary results from EuroSIDA, Swiss, and Dutch studies are presented in table form. Issues still remain regarding PCP prophylaxis, however, including brief study follow-ups, lack of controlled clinical trials and questions surrounding secondary prophylaxis.
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PMID:Stopping PCP prophylaxis after suppressing HIV. 1136 76

Epidemiological studies can help to understand the effects of medical treatment of HIV infections. Accordingly, this study was designed to discuss the most important parameters in Frankfurt/Main and other big German cities from 1984 to 2000. The number of HIV tests performed by Frankfurt's Virology has been decreasing continually since 1991. A decrease of new infections in men could be registered, whereas the number of HIV infected women rose. From 1985 to 2000 an annual mean value of 478 HIV infected men and 121 HIV infected women was registered in Frankfurt. The gender proportion was followed up for Frankfurt and Hamburg since 1985, for Berlin, Munich, and Cologne since 1993. All but one city showed a significant decline of infected males, only Berlin did not show any obvious changes in this proportion. Over the last twelve years the average age of men and women tested positive for the first time increased. An obvious shift could be discerned during the last two years concerning the distribution of risk groups. The percentage of HIV infected homosexuals and female i.v. drug addicts sank significantly over the last two years, the number of women infected by heterosexual contacts is still increasing when compared to data compiled from 1988 to 1992, and varies between 44% and 33%. During the same time-span a significant shift in first onset of AIDS-defining illnesses was observed. PCP (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)--formerly represented with 35.5%--decreased and is now surpassed by tuberculosis with 25.5%. The general gender proportion (3:1) could not be reflected by AIDS-defining diseases of which NHL (non-Hodgkin-lymphoma) seems to have the shortest time-span (6.5 months) between the occurrence of illness and death.
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PMID:An epidemiological study of HIV-infections in Frankfurt/Main and other major cities in Germany. 1155 43

The objective of this research was to compare the demographics, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression, and survival in persons with AIDS with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) versus extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), because there are limited population-based data on this topic. A population-based longitudinal study with 3 years of follow-up was performed. Data were collected every 6 months from medical records of persons with AIDS and TB treated at private and public medical facilities throughout Los Angeles County (LAC). Participants included a population-based sample of 216 persons with AIDS and PTB and 166 persons with AIDS and EPTB (including 113 persons with both PTB and EPTB), with an AIDS diagnosis reported in 1993. Compared to persons with AIDS with PTB, persons with AIDS and EPTB were 2.2 times more likely to be Latino than white (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 1.2, 4.0) and 1.7 times more likely to be foreign-born (95% CIs: 1.1, 2.5). Compared to persons with AIDS with PTB, persons with AIDS and EPTB had similar antiretroviral and PCP prophylaxis use; lower CD4 counts at time of AIDS diagnosis (p = 0.0004); no differences in CD4 counts over the total follow-up period (p = 0.4); higher rates of total opportunistic infections (OIs) (incidence density ratio [IDR] = 2.0; 95% CIs: 1.6, 2.4); and comparable survival curves (p = 0.07). Persons with AIDS and EPTB had a more complicated medical course with lower CD4 counts at time of AIDS diagnosis and more OIs over the follow-up period than persons with AIDS and PTB, however the survival profiles for the two groups were comparable.
AIDS Patient Care STDS 2001 Sep
PMID:Comparison of AIDS progression and survival in persons with pulmonary versus extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Los Angeles. 1158 32

This paper investigates the current application of health economic principles to HIV and AIDS therapy and compares prophylaxis in 2 opportunistic infections (Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia or PCP and cytomegalovirus or CMV) as well as therapies for early and advanced HIV. The economic impact of the disease and overall cost of the disease on society (in 1993 Hellinger estimated that the lifetime direct medical costs for persons with HIV was $119,000); most Western government controls on health care expenditure; and recognition of the intangible benefits from therapy such as quality of life have influenced the application of economic principles to health care and AIDS. When measuring economic costs and benefits there are 2 treatments, the alternative regimen and the therapy under investigation. Economic data is collected to compare the impact on health status, increased survival and/or quality of life, as well as effects on productivity or work time lost. The majority of studies with economic data have investigated a single therapy against placebo without any estimation of the influence that this has had on the patient's life. Similarly, very little information exists about whether one therapy has benefits such as quality of life over another. The PCP prophylaxis literature has quite a few studies that compare one active therapy to another rather than to a placebo. Regarding therapies that combat CMV infection, there is a need for studies that actually compare active therapy with active therapy and can incorporate the indirect benefits. For useful decision making either the intangible benefits must be measured and reported separately in the Cost Effectiveness Analysis or, optimally, a Cost Utility Analysis should be performed yielding the Quality Adjusted Life Year.
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PMID:Why isn't increased survival enough? 1231 24

The third in a series reviewing the HIV/AIDS antiretroviral drugs, this report summarizes the interactions between antiretrovirals and common drugs of abuse. In an overview format for primary care physicians and psychiatrists, the metabolism and drug interactions in the context of antiretroviral therapy are presented for the following drugs of abuse: alcohol, benzodiazepines, cocaine, GHB (liquid X), ketamine (special K), LSD (acid), MDMA (Ecstasy), opiates, PCP (angel dust), and THC (marijuana).
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PMID:Med-psych drug-drug interactions update. Antiretrovirals, part III: antiretrovirals and drugs of abuse. 1576 27

Communities most affected by HIV/AIDS have been instrumental in shaping Australia's responses to the threat of the epidemic. There are recent signs that levels of engagement in communities based around HIV-positivity have changed: a diminished sense of an AIDS crisis, the relative success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and an increasing individualization of the HIV experience may be contributing to changes in the way HIV-community is experienced. In this paper, we explore levels of engagement in HIV-positive community among a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and seek to explain why some PLWHA engage in an HIV-positive community while others do not. Using multivariate logistic regression, we found that three factors were independently related to feeling part of an HIV-positive community: having been diagnosed with HIV prior to the advent of HAART; having more recently taken Bactrim or Septrin for PCP; and finding it easier to take 'pills' on time. Taken together, these results suggest that both historical effects, such as the introduction of HAART, and effects related to living with HIV, such as the experience of an AIDS-related illness, help explain HIV-positive community engagement among PLWHA.
AIDS Care 2005 Jul
PMID:Trends and predictors of HIV-positive community attachment among PLWHA. 1603 45


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