Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme [EC 3.4.15.1] was rapidly and highly purified from a particulate fraction of hog kidney cortex with 13% yield. The procedure, which was rapid, included fractionation on DEAE-cellulose and calcium phosphate gel, chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and hydroxylapatite columns, and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column. The purified enzyme preparation gave two protein bands on standard disc gel electrophoresis, but showed a single protein component on the gel after treatment with neuraminidase [EC 3.2.1.18]. The data strongly suggest that the purified enzyme preparation was a mixture of sialo- and asialo-enzyme. Sialic acid residues apparently do not contribute to the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was activated more by chloride ions than by other halide ions tested, using Bz-Gly-Gly-Gly as a substrate. The dissociation constant for chloride ions was determined to be 2.2 mM. Chloride did not protect the enzyme against heat or low pH. The enzyme was resistant to inactivation by trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] and chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1].
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PMID:Renal angiotensin I-converting enzyme as a mixture of sialo- and asialo-enzyme, and a rapid purification method. 1 Feb 87

The anti-inflammatory activity of FL 70, a derivative of 2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, was examined in a number of conventional experimental models. In addition, FL-70 was tested for its inhibitory action on enzymes. The results were as follows: 1. The induction of a local inflammatory reaction and the subsequent i.v. injection of trypan blue showed that FL 70 reduces the capillary permeability. 2, FL-70 significantly suppresses exudation in the formalin-induced peritonitis of the rat. 3. A slight inhibition of an edema in the footpad of the rat induced by formalin-dextran was not shown to be statistically significant. 4. Local swelling could be markedly inhibited in the turpentine-oil induced inflammatory reaction of the rabbit. 5. Exudation and formation of granulomatous tissue was inhibited in Selye's granuloma. 6. FL-70 markedly inhibited the local inflammatory reaction accompanying the cutaneous reaction in experimental vaccinia infection of the rabbit skin. The size of the infiltration after intracutaneous infection of the virus was not reduced. 7. FL-70 could not prevent the onset of clinical signs, if administered in experimental allergic encephalitis. 8. The activity of acid phosphatase was inhibited by FL-70. Alcaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, leucin aminopeptidase, glucose-6- phosphatase-dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), trypsin and chymotrypsin were unaffe-ted. FL-70 inhibits the following, G-6-PDH activated reduction process: glucose-6-phosphate (see article).
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PMID:[Anti-inflammatory activity of a new quinoid polyradical (FL-70)]. 16 92

By means of high voltage electrophoresis experiments it could be demonstrated that the dipeptide hydrolase present in the plasma of Bothrops jararaca is similar to the angiotensin I converting enzyme of human plasma. Therefore, angiotensin I can be considered as a probable natural substrate for this potent snake peptidase in contrast to bradykinin, which is excluded in that case, since this snake plasma was previously found to be deficient in intrinsic kinin releasing system. On the other hand, the presence of angiotensinase activity in this snake plasma could also be demonstrated. Through the pharmacological comparison of angiotensin II with the pressor peptide released from the Bothrops jararaca plasma by chymotrypsin, an indirect indication of the presence of angiotensinogen in the plasma of this reptile was obtained.
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PMID:Components of the renin-angiotensin system in the plasma of Bothrops jararaca. 20 19

A novel renin inhibitor, YM-21095 [2RS), (3S)-3-[N alpha-[1,4-dioxo-4-morpholino-2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-buthyl]-L- histidil-amino]-4-cyclohexyl-1-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]-2-but anol), has been synthesized in our laboratories. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological properties of YM-21095 in in vitro and in vivo experiments. YM-21095 inhibited human renin with an IC50 value of 4.7 x 10(-10) mol/L. YM-21095 was also a potent inhibitor against squirrel monkey renin, but less effective against renins from dog, rabbit, and rat. The effect of YM-21095 is highly specific for renin, since it did not inhibit cathepsin D, pepsin, or angiotensin converting enzyme up to a concentration of 10(-4) mol/L. YM-21095 was resistant to proteolytic actions of the enzymes (pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin) and squirrel monkey tissue homogenates (liver, kidney, small intestine). Intravenous infusion of YM-21095 (0.1 to 100 micrograms/kg/min) decreased mean blood pressure and inhibited plasma renin activity in a dose-dependent manner with no effect on heart rate in anesthetized sodium-depleted and sodium-replete squirrel monkeys. The hypotensive effect of YM-21095 in sodium-depleted squirrel monkeys was about ten times as potent as that in sodium-replete squirrel monkeys. Oral administration of YM-21095 to conscious sodium-depleted squirrel monkeys produced dose-related decreases of systolic blood pressure. We conclude that YM-21095 is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of primate renin and produces a blood pressure lowering effect.
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PMID:Pharmacological properties of YM-21095, a potent and highly specific renin inhibitor. 181 49

A newly synthesized orally active renin inhibitor, N-morpholinoacetyl-(1-naphthyl)-L-alanyl-(4-thiazolyl)-L-alanyl (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-cyclohexylpentanoyl-n-hexylamide (ES-8891), was found to be a highly potent competitive inhibitor of human renin with an inhibition constant of 1.1 nM. This inhibitor was also active against monkey renin, although there was less inhibition of renin in pig, rabbit, and rat. ES-8891 did not inhibit cathepsin D, pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, angiotensin converting enzyme, and urinary kallikrein at a concentration of 10(-5) M. A single oral administration of ES-8891 (10 or 30 mg/kg) to conscious, sodium-depleted marmosets caused a dose-related decrease in plasma renin activity and blood pressure. ES-8891 (30 mg/kg) produced an 80% inhibition of plasma renin activity, which lasted for more than 6 hours. Kidney renin messenger RNA was not significantly changed 6 hours after oral administration of ES-8891 (30 mg/kg). A single oral administration of 240 mg ES-8891 to healthy human volunteers (n = 6) produced a significant inhibition of plasma renin activity (75% inhibition at 0.5 and 1 hour, 50% inhibition at 2 hours) with a good correlation of plasma levels of ES-8891. There were no significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate, and no adverse effects were observed. These results suggest that ES-8891 is an orally active human renin inhibitor that may be clinically useful.
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PMID:ES-8891, an orally active inhibitor of human renin. 211 12

1. An in vitro experiment was carried out to compare the inhibitory effect of SQ29,852 on human renal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) with those of captopril, enalapril and enalaprilat. 2. SQ29,852 strongly inhibited human renal ACE; its IC50 value was 1.5 x 10(-8) M. In terms of the IC50, SQ29,852's efficacy was about 1/10 of that of captopril and 1/28 of that of enalaprilat, but it was about 14 times more potent than enalapril. 3. SQ29,852 showed no inhibitory effects on cathepsin D, urinary kallikrein, renal renin, pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Its ACE-specificity was higher than that of captopril. 4. ACE inhibition by SQ29,852 was shown to be competitive, as revealed by Lineweaver-Burk plots. The affinity of SQ29,852 to ACE was shown to be high by a Ki value of 1.2 x 10(-8) M.
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PMID:Effect of SQ29,852, a new angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with a phosphonic acid group, on the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme from human kidney. 216 61

A compound containing cyclostatine ES-6864 (N-[(2R)-3-morpholinocarbonyl-2-(1-naphthylmethyl)propionyl]-(4-th iazolyl)- L-alanyl-cyclostatine-(2-morpholinoethyl)amide) was found to be a competitive inhibitor of human renin with an inhibitory constant (Ki) value of 7.3 x 10(-9) M. The compound was also potent against monkey renin but was less effective against renins from pig, goat, dog, rabbit and rat. ES-6864 did not inhibit cathepsin D, pepsin, urinary kallikrein, angiotensin converting enzyme, trypsin and chymotrypsin at a concentration of 10(-5) M. ES-6864 also inhibited the tissue renin-like activity from dog tissues with IC50 values of 10(-7)-10(-8) M in vitro. Oral administration of ES-6864 at 30 mg/kg to conscious, sodium-depleted marmosets produced a significant blood pressure reduction and a significant inhibition of plasma renin activity, which persisted for 6 hours. Plasma concentration of ES-6864 reached a maximum of 1.2 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after an oral administration. Oral administration of ES-6864 to hog renin-infused rats produced dose-related decreases in blood pressure. The results demonstrate that ES-6864 is an orally active renin inhibitor with high potency and specificity for human renin. Thus, ES-6864 is a candidate compound for development of renin inhibitors that can be used clinically.
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PMID:[In vitro and in vivo inhibition of renin by a thiazolylalanyl cyclostatine derivative]. 251 1

Biochemical information regarding the mechanism of amide bond hydrolysis offers insight into the possible chemical groups in the enzyme active site responsible for hydrolysis. Assuming that these groups have a relatively fixed geometry in accord with their functional role, then their three-dimensional position in space can be determined if sufficient structural diversity exists within the data set of compounds with known affinities. Each compound which binds can be augmented by additional chemical groups to represent the receptor's functional groups. For each compound, the set of geometrical arrangements of these groups which would show optimal binding to the compound can be determined by systematic search. A common geometric arrangement representing the active site geometry should be present for each compound. In studies of the binding of mechanism-based inhibitors of chymotrypsin, Naruto et al. (1985) showed some movement of active site residues to accommodate different ligands. Nevertheless, this procedure found a unique active site geometry for ACE which compared favorably with that of carboxypeptidase A, an enzyme of analogous function.
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PMID:Mechanism-based analysis of enzyme inhibitors of amide bond hydrolysis. 272 59

1. Bothrops jararaca venom (BJV) caused a fall in the carotid artery blood pressure of the anaesthetized snake. This effect was tachyphylactic and was potentiated by captopril, a kininase II inhibitor; it was partially antagonized by promethazine plus cimetidine and was not affected by atropine. 2. Similar hypotensive effects were obtained by administration of trypsin or a partially purified BJV kininogenase to the snake. 3. Incubation of Bothrops jararaca plasma (BJP) with trypsin released a substance (or substances) that produced hypotension in the snake but not in the rat; this hypotensive effect was also potentiated by captopril. 4. The trypsinised plasma contracted Bothrops jararaca isolated uterus, a pharmacological preparation weakly sensitive to bradykinin. Trypsinised plasma was inactive on pigeon oviduct and rat uterus and displayed a weak action on the guinea-pig ileum. Similar effects were observed with incubates of a fraction of BJP, containing globulins, with a partially purified BJV kininogenase. 5. Like mammalian kinins, the substance(s) was(were) dialysable, thermostable in acid but not in alkaline pH, and inactivated by chymotrypsin but not by trypsin. Its(their) inactivation by BJP or BJP kininase II was inhibited by captopril. 6. These findings strongly suggest that, besides releasing histamine, BJV or trypsin release a kininlike substance (or substances) from the snake plasma. 7. Since BJV and other kininogenases active on mammalian plasma were shown to be unable to release kinins from BJP, in experiments conducted on pharmacological preparations suitable for the assay of mammalian kinins, these data also suggest that the snake Bothrops jararaca, like birds, may have developed its own kallikrein-kinin system.
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PMID:Kallikrein-kinin system in the plasma of the snake Bothrops jararaca. 280 49

Effects of condensed tannins isolated from Rhei Rhizoma on the activities of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and various proteases were examined in vitro. Among the various condensed tannins tested, procyanidin B-5 3,3'-di-O-gallate and procyanidin C-1 3,3',3"-tri-O-gallate strongly inhibited the activity of ACE. The concentration of procyanidin B-5 3,3'-di-O-gallate required for 50% inhibition of ACE was 1.3 X 10(-6) M. The inhibition of ACE by condensed tannins was reversible and non-competitive, according to dialysis and to Dixon plots. However, over one hundred times the concentration was required to inhibit activities of other proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A and urinary kallikrein. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of condensed tannins on the activities of ACE are specific.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of condensed tannins on angiotensin converting enzyme. 303 68


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