Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Whereas mesangial and epithelial cells from glomeruli are commonly grown in vitro, there has been a failure to isolate and propagate human glomerular capillary endothelial cells. This study defines the conditions for the reproducible isolation and growth of homogeneous monolayers of primate (baboon and human) glomerular capillary endothelial cells. Using selective media and growth factors, the following criteria were identified to optimize the isolation and proliferation of glomerular endothelial cells: (1) collagenase treatment of isolated glomeruli; (2) requirement for 20% serum, endothelial cell growth factor and heparin; (3) requirement of fibronectin as surface matrix; and (4) isolation from donors less than 60 years old, as premature senescence was directly proportional to the age of the human kidney donor. Under these conditions, primary cultures with an endothelial cell composition greater than 70% were reproducibly obtained. Homogeneous endothelial monolayers were developed from 20 of 23 human kidneys, and maintained for 5 to 10 passages, depending on the age of the kidney donor. Purification to homogeneity was achieved by patch cloning or by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Glomerular capillary endothelial cells exhibited a cobblestone morphology at confluence, expressed factor VIII-related antigen, angiotensin converting enzyme activity, and endocytosed acetylated low-density lipoproteins. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of intracellular Weibel-Palade bodies and caveolae and microvillous projections on the luminal surface. Glomerular cells also stained positive for Ulex europaeus, a lectin characteristic of human endothelial cells. In addition, preliminary results indicate that human glomerular endothelial cells increase intracellular cyGMP in response to alpha-human 5 to 28 atrial natriuretic peptide and intracellular free calcium in response to thrombin.
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PMID:Culture of endothelial cells from baboon and human glomeruli. 150 7

Plasmatic levels of endothelial markers [von Willebrand's factor (VWF), fibronectin (FN), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)] were measured in patients at various stages of evolution of HIV1 infection. VWF levels were elevated at all stages, while other markers were significantly altered only for the most advanced stages. These results can be interpreted as indicating an endothelial involvement during HIV infection and VWF being the most sensitive marker. Endothelial markers, mainly VWF, could be used as prognosis marker of the infection. Capillary density was measured in the dermis of uninvolved skin showing a significant angiogenesis associated with the HIV1 infection. These biochemical and histological results however do not indicate whether these changes are directly linked to endothelial infection by the virus or to an indirect effect. The endothelial cell being an immunocompetent cell what is its involvement in the genesis of the immuno deficiency syndrome?
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PMID:Endothelial cells: target for the HIV1 virus? 169 19

The recognition of the peripheral state of thyroid hormones is often disturbed by factors like pharmacological interferences or non-thyroidal illness, especially borderline hyperthyroidism may often be misjudged. Some serological parameters like the measurement of sex hormone binding globulin, precollagen-peptid I and III, osteocalcin, angiotensin converting enzyme and fibronectin are often elevated in such states and can indicate thyrotoxicosis of certain tissues. Such thyrotoxicosis-like alterations can be shown also in TSH-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine. In contrast to early publications there is obviously only a minor influence of levothyroxine treatment on bone metabolism, where a decrease of bone mass is less probable. Recent developments of sensitive and specific modifications in estimating antibodies against thyroidal peroxydase in recognizing thyroid autoimmune disease and of thyroglobulin in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer are becoming important tools in clinical medicine.
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PMID:[Recent parameters for diagnosis of challenging thyroid gland disorders: consequences for diagnosis and therapy]. 186 97

The combination of environmental chamber exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was used to study the effects of the common air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Eighteen healthy nonsmokers were exposed to NO2 during 20 min in an exposure chamber during light bicycle ergometer work. All subjects were examined with BAL at least 3 wks before exposure, as a reference. The subjects were re-examined with BAL, in groups of eight, 24 h after exposure to 4, 7 and 10 mg NO2.m.3 (2.25, 4.0 and 5.5 ppm), respectively. An inflammatory cell response was found after exposure to all concentrations. An increase in the number of lymphocytes in BAL fluid was observed after 7 and 10 mg.m.3 (p less than 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). An increase in the number of mast cells, that appears to be dose-dependent, was found after exposure to all concentrations. The proportion of lysozyme positive alveolar macrophages was elevated after exposure to 7 mg.m.3. The inflammatory mediators fibronectin, hyaluronan, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and beta 2-microglobulin were unchanged by exposure. Due to the findings of inflammatory cell changes far below the peak exposure limits for work places in industrialized countries, 9-18 mg.m.3, the safety of these limits is questioned. Studies are in progress in our laboratory using BAL to evaluate the effects of repeated NO2 exposure.
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PMID:Inflammatory cell response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after nitrogen dioxide exposure of healthy subjects: a dose-response study. 186 48

Increased fibroblast growth-stimulating activity (FGA) was found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from sarcoidosis patients. For evaluation of the significance of FGA in disease activity and the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis, the FGA levels were compared with data on cellular analysis of BALF, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (S-ACE) activity and chest radiograms. The FGA level was significantly higher in sarcoidosis patients with parenchymal involvement (radiological stages II and III) than in those without parenchymal involvement (radiological stage I). The FGA was positively correlated with albumin and fibronectin concentrations in BALF. However, it was not significantly correlated with the ratio of CD-4 + to CD-8 + T-lymphocytes in BALF or the S-ACE level, which are known to be useful in evaluating the disease activity of sarcoidosis. These results indicate that the diagnostic value of FGA is different from that of the lymphocyte subpopulations in BALF and S-ACE, and is useful in estimating the extent of parenchymal involvement in sarcoidosis.
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PMID:Fibroblast growth-stimulating activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. 210 7

Selected functions of alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of 12 healthy smokers were examined before and after eight weeks' treatment with an inhaled glucocorticosteroid, budesonide (400 micrograms twice daily). After budesonide treatment spontaneous as well as opsonised zymosan triggered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion from harvested cells was reduced; no such reduction in opsonised zymosan triggered leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production was observed. Neither the capacity to phagocytose opsonised yeast particles nor the superoxide radical generation triggered by the calcium ionophore A23187, 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or opsonised zymosan ex vivo were more than marginally affected by the glucocorticosteroid treatment in vivo. Lavage fluid concentrations of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), however, after treatment were twice those before treatment and concentrations of fibronectin were reduced to half. Albumin concentrations in lavage fluid were not affected by the glucocorticosteroid treatment. In separate experiments treatment of alveolar macrophages with 10(-7) or 10(-6) M budesonide overnight in vitro did not affect their superoxide radical or PGE2 generation but significantly blocked LTB4 release. These data indicate that inhaled gluco-corticosteroid treatment may affect synthesis or release (or both) of ACE and fibronectin by alveolar macrophages from healthy smokers whereas other functions of these cells, such as the generation of reactive oxygen derived products ex vivo, are only marginally affected.
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PMID:Effects of an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, on alveolar macrophage function in smokers. 216 59

Aluminium potroom workers have been reported to develop severe pneumoconiosis and bronchial hyperreactivity. The influence of inhalation of aluminium oxide and fluorides on the alveolar milieu was studied by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 14 male non-smoking potroom workers; 28 non-smoking healthy volunteers served as controls. The total numbers, concentrations, and proportions of various alveolar cells did not differ between the groups. The concentrations of albumin and fibronectin in BAL fluid were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 for both) in the exposed workers, reflecting an increased alveolar capillary permeability and an activation of alveolar macrophages (AMs). The concentration of angiotensin converting enzyme, another AM marker, was, however, decreased (p less than 0.01) in the workers. The concentration of hyaluronan, a fibroblast marker, did not differ between the groups. AMs from workers had a decreased capacity (p less than 0.05) to interact with yeast C3b particles but not to ingest them. The expression of HLA-DR and OKM1 on the cell surfaces of AMs were equal in the two groups. The BAL findings were not accompanied by restrictive lung disease in the workers. The fact that only a discrete alveolitis was found in the potroom workers may be due to a low grade of exposure to alumina and fluorides and to frequent use of respiratory protection equipment.
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PMID:Characteristics of alveolar cells and soluble components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from non-smoking aluminium potroom workers. 255 78

To study the roles played by cardiac valvular endothelium in normal and pathologic conditions, we have established and characterized a system of bovine valvular endothelial cells (VEC) in culture. Viable VEC from calf atrioventricular valves were obtained by a non-enzymatic procedure using 3 mM ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as dissociating agent. The cells grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with non-essential amino acids, vitamins and 20% fetal calf serum, developed as monolayers of closely apposed polygonal cells which were subcultured for up to seven passages. VEC maintained in culture the general ultrastructure displayed in vivo, expressed von Willebrand factor, presented angiotensin converting enzyme activity and synthesized a rich extracellular matrix. VEC preserved the cell surface anionic sites (detected with cationized ferritin, pI 8.4) and cationic sites (visualized with haemeundecapeptide pI 4.85), and took up, especially by adsorptive endocytosis, albumin-gold conjugate. The cells were coupled by functional communicating (gap) junctions, as demonstrated by microinjection of 6-carboxyfluorescein. VEC in culture produced fibronectin, prostacyclin, hyaluronic acid and heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (identified by electrophoresis, enzyme digestion, and deaminative cleavage of molecules). These properties render cultured VEC a suitable model for investigating their functions and involvement in normal and pathologic heart valves.
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PMID:Calf cardiac valvular endothelial cells in culture: production of glycosaminoglycans, prostacyclin and fibronectin. 284 May 11

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 43 patients with biopsy proved sarcoidosis and 10 control subjects were assayed for fibronectin and collagenase activity. Fibronectin was significantly increased in the group with sarcoidosis and was found to be positively correlated with angiotensin converting enzyme activity, protein concentration, percentage of T cells and helper:suppressor ratios in the lavage fluid. Increased fibronectin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was not related to functional or radiographic indices of interstitial disease and did not identify patients subsequently requiring treatment. Latent collagenase was present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 16 patients with sarcoidosis but not in any control sample. There was no association between the collagenase activity and the cell profiles of the lavage fluid. Yet carbon monoxide transfer factor was decreased in patients with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collagenase. Ten of 16 patients with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collagenase had radiographic class III or IV disease and a disease duration of more than two years. On follow up 62% of patients with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collagenase required subsequent treatment, compared with only 23% of patients without collagenase. These results indicate an association between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collagenase and progressive, prolonged disease in sarcoidosis, whereas increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid fibronectin is associated with indices of disease activity.
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PMID:Collagenase and fibronectin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with sarcoidosis. 284 27

Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (serum ACE) levels and plasma fibronectin levels were measured daily in 46 septic patients during a ten day period. Thirty-eight patients developed ARDS; 28 survived (group 1), ten died (group 2), eight patients had no features of ARDS and survived (group 3). Sequential measurements of ACE and fibronectin levels were compared and plotted against indexes of respiratory impairment: PaO2 max Qs/Qt, static compliance and VD/VA ratio. These indexes were taken as criteria of weaning from controlled ventilation. During ARDS (groups 1 and 2), serum ACE levels decreased and were closely correlated with the severity of lung injury. Persistently decreased levels after eight days were consistent with continuing injury or lack of endothelial repair. On the other hand, plasma fibronectin levels increased throughout the study in survivors (group 1 and 3) and decreased in the group with fatal ARDS only (group 2). These results indicate that serum ACE levels might be a good index of endothelial injury and repair during ARDS and fibronectin a better index for evolution of sepsis and vital prognosis.
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PMID:Compared evolution of plasma fibronectin and angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in septic ARDS. 298 57


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