Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity and distribution of 10 enzymes was determined in the ruptured knee meniscus of 23 patients, when meniscus was operatively removed. The activities of NADH and SDH indicating oxydative energy metabolism were low in the ruptured meniscus as well as in the synovium close to it. On the contrary, NADPH and LDH, indicating anaerobic energy metabolism and G-6-PDH as an indicator of pentose-phosphate shunt, showed moderate or high activity. The activities of GLDH, ATPase, AcPase, AlPase, and LAPase were low in the meniscus tissue, but moderate and sometimes high in synovial tissue and fibroblasts close to the meniscus. In the vascular walls these enzyme activities all were moderate or high indicating reparative capacity in the peripheral, vascularized part of meniscus. The age of the patients as well as the time interval between the trauma and the operation was not in relationship with enzyme activities studied.
...
PMID:Histological and enzyme histochemical study on the injured knee meniscus in human. 254 Jun 8

ATPase activity of uterus and ovary was markedly elevated in presence of gossypol and decreased in presence of lactic acid indicating activation and inhibition of energy metabolism by gossypol and lactic acid respectively. The elevated levels of glycogen in uterus indicate inhibition of glycogenolysis as supported by phosphorylase activity. Whereas in ovary the glycogen depletion indicates activation of glycogenolysis supported by phosphorylase activity. The activity levels of aldolase and G-6-PDH decreased in the uterus in presence of gossypol and increased in presence of lactic acid. The same were elevated in ovary indicating the activation of hexose mono and diphosphate pathways. Lactic acid accumulated in presence of both gossypol and lactic acid with a depletion in level of pyruvic acid in both the tissues. This situation in the uterus indicates the condition of anti-implantation in presence of both gossypol and lactic acid. The NAD-LDH activity was inhibited in presence of gossypol and activated in presence of lactic acid in both tissues.
...
PMID:In vitro effects of gossypol and lactic acid on rat uterus and ovary during implantation and antiimplantation. 263 59

A comprehensive survey of 11 peptidases, all of which are markers for renal microvillar membranes, has been made in membrane fractions prepared from pig choroid plexus. Two fractionation schemes were explored, both depending on a MgCl2-precipitation step, the preferred one having advantages in speed and yield of the activities. The specific activities of the peptidases in the choroid-plexus membranes were, with the exception of carboxypeptidase M, lower than in renal microvillar membranes: those of aminopeptidase N, peptidyl dipeptidase A ('angiotensin-converting enzyme') and gamma-glutamyltransferase were 3-5-fold lower, those of aminopeptidase A and endopeptidase-24.11 were 12-15 fold lower, and those of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and aminopeptidase W were 50-70-fold lower. Carboxypeptidase M had a similar activity in both membranes. Alkaline phosphatase and (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase were more active in the choroid-plexus membranes. No activity for microsomal dipeptidase, aminopeptidase P and carboxypeptidase P could be detected. Six of the peptidases and (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase were also studied by immunoperoxidase histochemistry at light- and electron-microscopic levels. Endopeptidase-24.11 and (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase were uniquely located on the brush border, and the other two peptidases appeared to be much more abundant on the endothelial lining of microvessels. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and aminopeptidase W were also detected in microvasculature. Pial membranes associated with the brain and spinal cord also stained positively for endopeptidase-24.11, aminopeptidase N and peptidyl dipeptidase A. The immunohistochemical studies indicated the subcellular fractionation did not discriminate between membranes derived from epithelial cells (i.e. microvilli) and those from endothelial cells. The possible significance of these studies in relation to neuropeptide metabolism and the control of cerebrospinal fluid production is discussed.
...
PMID:Membrane peptidases in the pig choroid plexus and on other cell surfaces in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid. 265 79

In vivo administration of L-thyroxine (L-T4) in Anabas testudineus, while significantly stimulated the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH), inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (cyt. MDH; mit. MDH), and Mg2+ DNP-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+ ATPase) activities. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and catalase remained unaltered after L-T4 treatment. Administration of protein synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D, while significantly inhibited cytochrome oxidase, alpha-GPDH, catalase, SDH, and Mg2+ ATPase activities, did not change LDH, cyt. MDH, and mit. MDH activities. Chloramphenicol injection significantly stimulated cytochrome oxidase, alpha-GPDH, and G-6-PDH activities. Simultaneous injections of actinomycin D or chloramphenicol with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) or L-T4 prevented the effects of thyroid hormones on enzyme activities, when compared to the respective controls.
...
PMID:Oxidative metabolism in a teleost, Anabas testudineus Bloch: effect of thyroid hormones on hepatic enzyme activities. 292 Sep 3

Preparation of sarcolemma from whole rabbit heart using the method of Jones et al. (Jones,L.R., Besch, H.R., Fleming, J.W., McConnaughey, M.M. and Watanabe, A.M. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 530-539) results in a 46-fold purification of the endothelial plasmalemma-specific marker angiotensin converting enzyme. This implies contamination of the sarcolemma with vascular endothelial plasmalemma. During preparation of sarcolemma from sheep heart, using the same method, angiotensin converting enzyme copurified with the general plasma membrane marker (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. The ratio of myocyte to endothelial plasma membrane in the final preparation is therefore similar to that in the whole heart homogenate. Ultrastructural analysis has shown that the myocyte/endothelial surface area is 70:30 in whole cardiac muscle. Comparison of angiotensin converting enzyme activity of an endothelial plasma membrane fraction with that of whole heart sarcolemma suggests an upper limit of 42% for endothelial contamination. Contamination by endothelial plasmalemma was dramatically reduced by preparing sarcolemma from myocytes produced by proteolytic disruption of whole hearts. Following disruption, myocytes were separated from non-muscle cells by sedimentation through 0.5 M sucrose. Sarcolemma prepared from sheep cardiac myocytes had approximately 15-fold less angiotensin converting enzyme activity than whole sheep heart sarcolemma but comparable ouabain-inhibitable (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity.
...
PMID:Contamination of a cardiac sarcolemmal preparation with endothelial plasma membrane. 300 68

Within the uterine glands, the following enzymes were demonstrated by histochemical methods after 30, 58, 80, 100, and 110 d of pregnancy, respectively: beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, esterases, cytochrome oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, adenosine triphosphatase, diaphorases (NADH, NADPH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), lactate dehydrogenase. The results show that the activities of G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, and cytochrome oxidase increase within secreting cells during the 2nd half of pregnancy. The activities of the other enzymes remained almost unchanged during the period of investigation. The description of our results distinguishes between gland neck, middle, and distal part of the secretory unit, respectively. In general, the enzyme activities are similar within the middle and distal gland segments, but lower in the epithelia of the neck region. The activity of dehydrogenases was medium to intensive within the middle and distal gland segments, but only low to medium within the neck portion. Of the hydrolases, the acid phosphatase, ATPase, leucine aminopeptidase, and beta-galactosidase demonstrated an intensive activity within activity secreting cells. The enzyme activities of the gland epithelia are compared with these of the uterine surface epithelia and the histochemical results are discussed in context with their significance in histiotrophic nutrition.
...
PMID:[Enzyme histochemistry of the pig placenta. III. Histotopics of enzymes in the uterine epithelium]. 309 49

The aims of treatment of chronic heart failure are to improve the symptoms and the quality of life, reduce mortality and prevent left ventricular dysfunction. Before the first symptom occurs, neurohormonal activation takes place (increased catecholamines and atrial natriuretic peptide levels). Diuretics improve symptoms and are irreplaceable for the elimination of salt and water overload. Loop diuretics are used more often than the thiazides. Their deleterious effects on electrolyte balance are well known. The fact that they activate the renin angiotensin system is a more recent acquisition; the increase in plasma renin activity is a poor prognostic factor. Diuretics potentialize the vasodilator effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors which inhibit the neurohumoral activation induced by the diuretics. This therapeutic association is very logical, effective and allows reduction in the dosage of the diuretic. To date, there are no large scale controlled studies of the effects of diuretics on mortality. Spironolactone corrects hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia induced by loop diuretics. Moreover, it has been shown experimentally in renovascular hypertension and in hyperaldosteronism, that this molecule can prevent myocardial fibrosis, a factor which leads to ventricular dysfunction. The RALES study will analyse the effect of associating spironolactone to diuretic and ACE inhibitor therapy on the mortality of patients in NYHA classes III-IV. The value of digitalis in heart failure patients with sinus rhythm is a classical controversy. Digitalis has a positive inotropic effect (inhibition of NaK-dependent ATPase). More recently, a favourable neurohormonal effect has been reported; digitalis decreases the activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:[Classic treatment of chronic heart insufficiency. What if new?]. 748 8

We have tested the hypothesis that altered vascular reactivity, specifically the appearance of spontaneous and BayK 8644 (L-type voltage gated calcium channel agonist)-induced oscillations in the carotid artery and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-induced oscillations in the aorta from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRS), are dependent upon angiotensin II production early in life. SHRSP and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated from 6-10 weeks of age with vehicle, hydralazine/hydrochlorothiazide (used as a control for lowered blood pressure) or the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril (3 mg/kg/day). Systolic blood pressures were measured weekly in rats from 6 to 17 weeks of age. In SHRSP (at 17 weeks of age), ramipril-treatment but not hydralazine/hydrochlorothiazide attenuated the long term expression of elevated systolic blood pressure in adult SHRSP while blood pressures of all adult WKY rats were unaffected by any treatment. At 17 weeks, rats were killed and arteries removed for in vitro measurement of isometric contractile activity. Only the incidence of spontaneous oscillations (carotid artery) was affected by ramipril treatment; ramipril did not change the frequency of BayK 8644-induced oscillations in the artery or the frequency of CPA-induced oscillations in aorta from either SHRSP or WKY. These data indicate that while spontaneous oscillations in the carotid artery may be dependent on an angiotensin II-sensitive mechanism during development, agonist-induced oscillations (CPA and BayK 8644) appear not to be angiotensin II-dependent. Thus, not all of the contractile oscillations which appear in vascular smooth muscle from SHRSP are angiotensin II-dependent, suggesting that some of these vascular abnormalities may develop at a time separate from that in which increased blood pressure is firmly established and may not be associated with the for maintenance of elevated blood pressure.
...
PMID:Effects of ramipril on contractile oscillations in arteries from genetically hypertensive rats. 753 66

In chronic heart failure, the inter-relationship of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and cardiac growth is of primary clinical interest. In the pressure or volume overloaded heart, hypertrophic growth of the myocardium includes the enlargement of cardiac myocytes--an adaptation governed by ventricular loading. Nonmyocyte cell growth involving cardiac fibroblast may also occur but not primarily regulated by the hemodynamic load. Cardiac fibroblast activation is responsible for the accumulation of fibrillar type I and type III collagens within the interstitium and adventitia of intramyocardial coronary arteries. In addition to relaxation abnormalities due to impairment of sarcoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, this remodeling of the cardiac interstitium represents a major determinant of pathological hypertrophy in that it accounts for abnormal myocardial stiffness, leading to ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction and ultimately the appearance of symptomatic heart failure. In vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the effector hormones, angiotensin II and aldosterone, of the RAAS are primarily involved in regulating the structural remodeling of the myocardial collagen matrix. In cultured adult cardiac fibroblasts, angiotensin II and aldosterone have been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis while angiotensin II additionally inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 1 activity, which is the key enzyme for interstitial collagen degradation in the myocardium. These observations may serve as rationale why angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition or blockade of the RAAS represents such remedial therapy in congestive heart failure in patients with hypertensive heart disease, post-myocardial infarction or with dilated cardiomyopathy.
...
PMID:Myocardial collagen matrix remodeling and congestive heart failure. 763 1

Myocardial hypertrophy is an established risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Beyond quantitative and mechanical aspects hypertrophy is associated with alterations in cardiac gene expression, resulting in a more fetal-like myocyte phenotype with a fragile Ca++ homeostasis. Depressed expression of sarcoplasmatic reticulum ATPase is the hallmark of this overload phenotype. Conversely, the gene expression and the activity of sodium calcium exchanger is up-regulated in endstage heart failure. Both alterations contribute to prolonged cytosolic Ca++ transients, disturbed relaxation and, probably, to electrophysiologic instability. Angiotensin II is a growth promoting agent and several lines of circumferential evidence suggest that the local formation of angiotensin II might contribute to the trophic response and phenotype shift in cardiac overload. The cardiac gene expression of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensinogen is increased early after cardiac overload and in patients with severe heart failure. Chronic ACE inhibition suppresses plasma and tissue ACE activity, reduces LV hypertrophy and improves long-term survival. The hallmark of the peripheral adaptation in chronic heart failure is systemic vasoconstriction, associated with neurohumoral activation. Several mechanisms are involved in the impaired peripheral perfusion, including increased sympathetic tone and increased vascular stiffness. Recently, data suggest an important role of the endothelium for perfusion of skeletal muscle in heart failure. Endothelium-dependent dilation of resistance vessels is blunted in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Conceivably, this abnormality may be involved in the impaired reactive hyperemia in patients with chronic heart failure. Moreover, alterations of skeletal muscle emerge in chronic heart failure contributing to reduced exercise performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Heart failure: an update on pathophysiology. 786 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>

---