Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Compared to the Lyon normotensive (LN) controls, adult Lyon hypertensive rats (LH) exhibit a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dependent hypertension despite a low renin secretion. This discrepancy could be explained by the elevated slow pressor response to angiotensin II (AII) found in LH rats compared to LN controls. To evaluate more precisely the pathophysiological importance of this increased response, the present work aimed at determining whether the characteristics of the RAS were identical in LN and low blood pressure (LL) rats, the other normotensive control strain simultaneously selected with LH rats. Plasma and kidney renin and prorenin were measured in 11-week-old LN and LL rats. Aortic blood pressure (BP) was recorded at 15 weeks of age in freely moving rats of both strains either untreated or having received an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril (3 mg/kg/day orally) since the age of 3 weeks. Acute dose-response curves were constructed for AII and norepinephrine (NE). The long-term pressor effects of AII (200 ng/kg/ min) and NE (1000 ng/kg/min) were measured after chronic infusions in perindopril-treated LN and LL rats. LN and LL rats exhibited similar mean BP level before (114 +/- 2 and 117 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively) and after perindopril treatment (91 +/-3 and 93 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively). Plasma and kidney renin and prorenin were decreased in LL rats. In acute conditions, LL rats exhibited an unspecific hypersensitivity to AII and NE. Chronically given AII exerted a greater pressor effect in LL than in LN rats after 4 weeks (113 +/- 3 v 97 +/- 5 mm Hg in LL and LN rats respectively, P < .05) and, even more, after 8 weeks of infusion (144 +/- 9 v 124 +/- 4 mm Hg in LL and LN rats respectively, P < .05). The NE was devoid of chronic pressor effects. In conclusion, 1) the increased slow pressor response to AII may not be a critical pathogenetic factor in the development of hypertension, as it also exists in normotensive LL rats; 2) LN and LL rats have the same normal BP despite marked differences in their RAS, thus suggesting that there could be several forms of normotension as known for hypertension; and 3) the simple comparison between one genetically hypertensive strain and one single normotensive control strain does not allow one to conclude that a phenotypic difference is of pathophysiological significance.
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PMID:Renin-angiotensin system in two genetically normotensive strains of Lyon rats. 1077 33

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) growth plays a key role in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling gene transcription in VSMC remain poorly understood. We previously identified, by differential display, a new gene (6A3-5) overexpressed in proliferating rat VSMC. In this study, we have cloned the full-length cDNA by screening a rat foetal brain cDNA library and investigated its functions. The 6A3-5 protein shows 4 putative conserved functional motifs: a DNA binding domain called ARID (AT-rich interaction domain), two recently described motifs (Osa Homology Domain), and a nuclear localization signal. The deduced protein sequence was observed to be 85% identical to the recently described human Osa2 gene. Immunolabelling, using an anti-6A3-5/Osa2 monoclonal antibody, showed a nuclear localization of the 6A3-5/Osa2 protein. In addition, PDGF upregulated 6A3-5/Osa2 expression at both the transcript and protein levels in a dose and time-dependent fashion. The pattern of upregulation by PDGF was reminiscent of the early responsive gene c-fos. The PDGF-induced upregulation of 6A3-5/Osa2 and proliferation of VSMC were significantly inhibited in a dose and sequence-dependent fashion by an antisense, but not by sense, scrambled or mismatched oligonucleotides directed against 6A3-5/Osa2. In VSMC of aortas derived from hypertensive (LH) rats, 6A3-5/Osa2 is overexpressed as compared to that in normotensive (LL) rats. The 6A3-5/Osa2-gene expression is downregulated by an ACE inhibitor and upregulated by exogenous AngiotensinII in LH rats. In summary, these results indicate that 6A3-5/Osa2 is an early activated gene that belongs to a new family of proteins involved in the control of VSMC growth.
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PMID:6A3-5/Osa2 is an early activated gene implicated in the control of vascular smooth muscle cell functions. 1748 20

Fatty acids are essential for membrane biosynthesis in all organisms and serve as signaling molecules in many animals. Here, we found that saturated very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs; C20:0 to C30:0) exogenously applied in ovule culture medium significantly promoted cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber cell elongation, whereas acetochlor (2-chloro-N-[ethoxymethyl]-N-[2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl]-acetamide; ACE), which inhibits VLCFA biosynthesis, abolished fiber growth. This inhibition was overcome by lignoceric acid (C24:0). Elongating fibers contained significantly higher amounts of VLCFAs than those of wild-type or fuzzless-lintless mutant ovules. Ethylene nullified inhibition by ACE, whereas C24:0 was inactive in the presence of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor (l-[2-aminoethoxyvinyl]-glycine), indicating that VLCFAs may act upstream of ethylene. C24:0 induced a rapid and significant increase in ACO (for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase) transcript levels that resulted in substantial ethylene production. C24:0 also promoted Ser palmitoyltransferase expression at a later stage, resulting in increased sphingolipid biosynthesis. Application of C24:0 not only stimulated Arabidopsis thaliana root cell growth but also complemented the cut1 phenotype. Transgenic expression of Gh KCS13/CER6, encoding the cotton 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, in the cut1 background produced similar results. Promotion of Arabidopsis stem elongation was accompanied by increased ACO transcript levels. Thus, VLCFAs may be involved in maximizing the extensibility of cotton fibers and multiple Arabidopsis cell types, possibly by activating ethylene biosynthesis.
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PMID:Saturated very-long-chain fatty acids promote cotton fiber and Arabidopsis cell elongation by activating ethylene biosynthesis. 1799 22

In a recent study, it has been shown that biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the oleaginous green alga Chlorella desiccata is preceded by a large increase in acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) levels and by upregulation of plastidic pyruvate dehydrogenase (ptPDH). It was proposed that the capacity to accumulate high TAG critically depends on enhanced production of Ac-CoA. In this study, two alternative Ac-CoA producers-plastidic Ac-CoA synthase (ptACS) and ATP citrate lyase (ACL)-are shown to be upregulated prior to TAG accumulation under nitrogen deprivation in the oleaginous species C. desiccata, but not in the moderate TAG accumulators Dunaliella tertiolecta and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Measurements of endogenous acetate production and of radiolabelled acetate incorporation into lipids are consistent with the upregulation of ptACS, but suggest that its contribution to the overall TAG biosynthesis is negligible. Induction of ACS and production of endogenous acetate are correlated with activation of alcohol dehydrogenase, suggesting that the upregulation of ptACS is associated with activation of PDH-bypass in C. desiccata. It is proposed that activation of the PDH-bypass in C. desiccata is needed to enable a high rate of lipid biosynthesis under nitrogen deprivation by controlling the level of pyruvate reaching ptPHD and/or mtPDH. This may be an important parameter for massive TAG accumulation in microalgae.
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PMID:Acetyl-CoA synthetase is activated as part of the PDH-bypass in the oleaginous green alga Chlorella desiccata. 2635 83