Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), hexokinase (HK), adenylate kinase (AK), fructokinase (FK), mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (MPI), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were chosen to study the variation between isolates, cercariae and adults, individuals, and sexes of Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini, using horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The method described allows combinations of six of the eight enzymes to be scored in the homogenate from one adult worm. In adult S. mansoni one phenotype of the eight enzymes was observed in all isolates. In addition, the enzyme PGI showed polymorphism in the isolates from Tala, Kenya and Uganda. PGM in the isolates from Tala, Kenya and South Africa showed polymorphism. The cercarial phenotype differs from the adult phenotype in G-6-PDH, where the cercarial enzyme mobility is slower than that in the adult worm. The low amount of intrastrain variation observed in this species is explained by the limited amount of material used to establish the laboratory stocks, whereas the genetic similarity between geographically widely separated stocks does suggest that only limited geographical variation is likely to occur in S. mansoni. It is suggested that the gene controlling the PGI polymorphism is located on the sex chromosomes of S. mansoni. Mobility differences were observed between S. mansoni and S. rodhaini in the enzyme PGI and PGM, and these characteristics might be useful for a quick identification of schistosome cercariae emerging from Biomphalaria sp. in Africa.U
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PMID:Isoenzyme studies on cercariae from monoinfections and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni (10 isolates) and S. rodhaini (one isolate) by horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining of eight enzymes. 621

A biochemical study has been made of the effects of low doses of alpha chlorohydrin on all the glycolytic enzymes and two key enzymes of phosphogluconate pathway i.e. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH) of rat testis and epididymis. All the glycolytic enzymes of testis and epididymis are decreased after treatment with alpha chlorohydrin. G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH are decreased only in epididymis and not in the testis. LDH, ADH and glucose-6-phosphatase were also studied histochemically to show that the drug affects the glycolytic enzymes of epididymal cells and various testicular cell types of testis. Possible significance of these results is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of low doses of alpha chlorohydrin on the enzymes of glycolytic and phosphogluconate pathways in the rat testis and epididymis. 626 79

Monocytes purified with cell scatter monitored counterflow centrifugation were cultured in plastic (adherent) and in teflon culture bags (suspension). Sequential changes were monitored during 15 days by measuring intracellular activity of three enzymes of intermediary metabolism: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and the two acid hydrolases: acid phosphatase (ACP) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG). In teflon grown macrophages a significantly lower G-6-PDH activity was seen after 15 days in comparison to plastic adherent macrophages (P less than 0.0002). For the other enzymes similar values for both culture modalities were found. The significantly, cycloheximide insensitive, higher values for G-6-PDH, PHI and ICDH in 2 h plastic adherent monocytes in comparison with plastic non-adherent monocytes, suggest a relationship between adherent capacity and the level of intermediary metabolism. The overall yield of plastic adherent macrophages after 15 days was 35% in contrast with 89% for the in suspension cultured macrophages. This corroborates the existence of adherent and non-adherent monocytes, both capable of differentiation in vitro. In 14 patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 14 normal controls, monocyte differentiation was studied applying both culture modalities. The enzyme levels, reflecting growth and intermediary metabolism, were similar for both groups. The adherent capacity and yield, both in teflon and in plastic, after 15 days was comparable for both groups. It was concluded that in vitro monocyte differentiation in the presence of autologous serum was qualitatively and quantitatively normal in advanced HD; this is in favour of an intrinsically normal function of monocytes in HD.
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PMID:Characterization of monocyte maturation in adherent and suspension cultures and its application to study monocyte differentiation in Hodgkin's disease. 636 Apr 44

Activity levels of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ED), aminopyrine N-demethylase (APD), p-nitroanisole O-demethylase (p-NAD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were determined in incubation mixtures for the liver-microsomal assay (LMA) at time 0 and after 1 and 2 h incubation under conditions for mutagenic assay. The experiments were performed with S9 liver fractions from mice (induced with Na-phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone) and rats (induced with Aroclor 1254) with and without G-6-PDH in the incubation mixtures. In the absence of G-6-PDH the activities were significantly lower at time 0 in the mouse. The pattern of stability, however, was similar for the activities, with an increase of stability after 1 and 2 h of pre-incubation (an exception for p-NAD). Only ED activity showed a similar behaviour in the rat. No differences were present for APD and p-NAD activities at time 0 in the rat, but the enzyme stabilities were significantly decreased after 2 h of incubation (about 15% and 10% for APD and p-NAD respectively) in the absence of G-6-PDH. At time 0, the amounts of G-6-PDH differed between mouse and rat fractions; however, during the incubations for LMA they decreased by about 57% and 53% for the two species, respectively. In addition to the above biochemical results, the presence of exogenous G-6-PDH in the incubations for the mutagenic assay, significantly increased the mitotic gene conversion and mitotic crossing-over of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and AR2MNFN (a nitroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole) in the D7 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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PMID:NADPH-generating system: influence on microsomal mono-oxygenase stability during incubation for the liver-microsomal assay with rat and mouse S9 fractions. 639 64

In porcine interareolar placental epithelia, the following enzymes were demonstrated by histochemical methods after 30, 58, 80, 100, and 110 d of pregnancy, respectively: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, cytochrome oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, adenosine triphosphatase, diaphorases (NADH, NADPH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), lactate dehydrogenase. The results show that most of the enzyme activities remained almost unchanged during the period of investigation. Only G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH activities increased within the uterine epithelium and nonspecific esterase activity within uterine as well as chorionic epithelia during the 2nd half of pregnancy. Within chorionic and uterine epithelia, hydrolases but not dehydrogenases demonstrated a higher activity at the bases of chorionic villi as compared to the apices and flanks of the latter. The action and influence of the demonstrated enzymes on metabolism, energy transfer, secretory, and resorptive activities of chorionic and uterine epithelia are discussed.
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PMID:[Enzyme histochemical studies of the swine placenta. Histoptics of enzymes in interareolar placental epithelia]. 643 35

The cytochemical technique was used to measure the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) of peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice and rats given intraperitoneal injections of an endogenous immunostimulant tuftcin (Tre-Lys-Pro-Arg) in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg. A significant decrease of SDH activity was observed both in mice and rats 4 and 6 hours following injection, respectively. In mice, that activity returned to normal in 12, while in rats in 24 hours. An opposite action was produced by tuftcin on G-6-PDH, causing the maximum elevation of the enzyme activity in rat lymphocytes 6 hours after peptide administration. The decrease to the initial level was observed in 24 hours. Tuftcin did not affect the activity of LDH. The data obtained indicate that the immunological effect of tuftcin is coupled with the changes in the activity of Krebs cycle enzymes (SDH) and pentose phosphate cycle enzymes (G-6-PDH).
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PMID:[Effect of tuftsin on enzyme activity in the energy metabolism of lymphocytes]. 668 16

Chlorinated bisphenol antibacterial and antifungal agents are potent inhibitors of torula yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Several compounds were tested, including hexachlorophene [HCP; 2,2'-methylenebis(3,4,6-trichlorophenol)]; 2,2'-oxybis(tetrachlorophenol); 2',4-dihydroxy-2,3,3',5,5',6-hexachlorodiphenylmethane; 2,2'-methylenebis(3,4-dichlorophenol) (3,4-TCP); bithionol [2,2'-thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol)]; 2,2'-methylenebis(3,5-dichlorophenol); 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3',5,6,6'-pentachlorodiphenylmethane; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-chlorophenol) (DCP); 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-dichlorophenol); and the related uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol. The relative inhibitory activity of the chlorinated bisphenols tended to increase with degree of chlorination of the aromatic rings. the concentrations of the bisphenols that caused 50% inhibition ranged from 2.5 micrometers for 2,2'-oxybis(tetrachlorophenol) to 40 micrometers for 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-dichlorophenol) under comparable assay conditions. More detailed kinetic analysis showed that, as with HCP, the inhibition of G6PD by 3,4-TCP and DCP followed noncompetitive kinetics. Calculations from the kinetic data gave apparent inhibition constant (Ki) values for 3,4-TCP of 267 micrometers with G6P and 308 micrometers with NADP, and for DCP of 697 micrometers with both G6P and NADP.
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PMID:Effects of chlorinated bisphenols on torula yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 680 84

After UV irradiation of human skin there is an increase in epidermal and stratum corneum thickness and an increase in the thymidine autoradiographic labeling index. Previously we have demonstrated that persistent exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) alters the distribution and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) within the epidermis; G-6-PDH activity is increased over the whole epidermis and SDH activity is diminished in the granular cell area but increased in the basal layer. When skin is protected by an efficient sunscreen and irradiated with UVB, there is almost complete inhibition of the erythema normally seen following UVR exposure. In this study we have investigated the cytochemical, cell kinetic, and histometric changes that take place in the epidermis after UVB irradiation, with and without two different types of sunscreen. Some of the histometric and metabolic changes associated with UVB exposure were still evident despite sunscreen protection and the successful blocking of the erythema response. The implications of these findings are discussed together with the use of sunscreens to prevent development of solar damage.
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PMID:Response of human skin to ultraviolet radiation: dissociation of erythema and metabolic changes following sunscreen protection. 682 29

Weanling Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) over 3 and 5-6 weeks. In both comparable groups the absorption of energy was almost the same. In the HFD animals glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH, E.C. 1.1.1.49) showed its well-known restrictive behaviour in the liver and also in the fatty tissues. After 3 weeks on the respective diet, the body fat content of the LFD animals was lower than that of the HFD animals. After 6 weeks on the respective diet, the body fat contents were nearly the same in the animals of both groups. The energy turnover was greater after 3 weeks on the diet than after 6 weeks, the significantly highest values being found in animals fed over 3 weeks. After 5 weeks on the respective diet, all the energy turnover values were at a lower level, but this was the same in both animal groups. It may be concluded that the fatty-acid synthesis de novo indicated by the G-6-PDH activity does not depend upon the experimental time, and is determined only by the amount of dietary fat. In contrast to this, the establishment of the energy turnover during the experimental time is subject to relatively great changes which might be correlated with the regulation of total fat retention in the body.
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PMID:[Behavior of various parameters of lipid and energy metabolism. 6. Energy turnover in various lengths of time in rats fed a low- and high-fat diet]. 688 7

In 14 beagle dogs, paraquat was infused in fractional doses to produce pulmonary fibrosis while avoiding fatal liver and kidney lesions. Activity of the three enzymes of the pentose pathway: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), which supply reduced equivalents against oxidant agents, were measured in the mediastinal lobe of the lung. After a single low dose (2-3 mg/kg body weight), GR and GSH Px activities were reduced. After repeated paraquat doses, pentose pathway enzyme activities were higher than after a single low dose; however, they did not significantly exceed the normal values as determined in control dogs. The activities of G-6-PDH, GR and GSH Px correlated with the total paraquat dose and with the extent of pulmonary fibrosis measured with an electronic image analyzer. The activity of pulmonary lactate dehydrogenase, which was also reduced after a single low dose of paraquat, did not show the same correlations.
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PMID:Pentose pathway in pulmonary fibrosis due to chronic paraquat poisoning. 744 87


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