Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The function of angiotensin converting enzyme was investigated in twenty-four healthy men. Forearm blood flow was measured under basal conditions and during administration of enalaprilat (a converting enzyme inhibitor) and/or peptide substrates of converting enzyme into the left brachial artery. Blood flow was compared in the two arms. 2. Enalaprilat had no effect on basal blood flow. The concentration of enalaprilat in venous blood from the control arm was low, and plasma renin activity was not increased, indicating that systemic inhibition of converting enzyme did not occur. 3. Effects of angiotensin and of bradykinin, administered intra-arterially, were limited to the infused arm. Enalaprilat (13 nmol min-1) inhibited converting enzyme in the infused arm, in which it caused approximately a 100-fold reduction in sensitivity to angiotensin I, while having no effect on the vasoconstriction caused by angiotensin II. Enalaprilat increased vasodilatation caused by bradykinin. 4. Aspirin, an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase, did not inhibit vasodilatation caused by bradykinin whether infused alone or with enalaprilat, indicating that these responses are not mediated by prostaglandins. 5. We conclude that under basal conditions neither conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II nor degradation of bradykinin determines resistance vessel tone in the human forearm. Converting enzyme may affect vascular tone in situations in which intravascular concentrations of peptides are increased over those present under basal conditions.
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PMID:Local inhibition of converting enzyme and vascular responses to angiotensin and bradykinin in the human forearm. 255 32

The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II was studied in the isolated perfused hindquarters of guinea-pig. The relative enzyme activity was determined by vasoconstrictor response to the peptides and by the contraction of rat ascending colon superfused with the venous effluent. 45% of conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II was determined in this preparation as measured by vasoconstrictor responses. However, only 22% of conversion was detected in the venous return as measured in the rat colon. Captopril significantly inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme activity in this preparation. Acetylsalicylic acid, however, partially prevented the inhibitory effect of Captopril on converting enzyme activity in this vascular bed. The possible interactions of angiotensin converting enzyme activity and endogenous prostaglandins are discussed.
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PMID:Reversal by acetylsalicylic acid of the captopril-induced inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme in the hindquarters of guinea-pig. 628 51

Presentation of drugs most worthy of interest in autumn 1995. Among these, the ACE inhibitors, the HMGCOA inhibitors, the Proton Pump inhibitors, the serotoninergics used against depression and migraine, the endobronchial corticoids and finally the ASA. Review of their successes, failures and uncertainties.
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PMID:[Leading drugs in 1995: success, failures and uncertainties]. 748 Dec 49

The co-administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihypertensive agents often, but not always, results in blunting of the effect of antihypertensive therapy. Although NSAIDs have no detectable pressor effects in normal subjects or untreated hypertensive people, they seem to antagonize the action of the majority of antihypertensive agents, making it necessary to increase their dosage, and often preventing proper control of blood pressure, particularly in black and elderly patients. The mechanism of this pharmacodynamic interaction is not completely understood, but may involve inhibition of vascular and renal prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, with resulting vasoconstriction and impaired renal excretion of Na+ and water. Also, suppression of a possible intermediary action of PG in the antihypertensive action of agents such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has been proposed. Certain antihypertensive drugs, such as Ca(2+)-channel blockers, centrally acting alpha agonists, and diuretics seem less sensitive to antagonism by NSAIDs. Aspirin and sulindac seem to be devoid of pressor effects, and thus provide a safe alternative in patients at risk for this interaction. These compounds may, in selected circumstances, even potentiate the effects of antihypertensive medications. Studies are underway to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of more selective blockers of arachidonate metabolism, such as thromboxane synthase inhibitors and selective inhibitors of PGH synthase-2.
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PMID:The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on human hypertensive vascular disease. 763 Oct 51

The Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study is a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial being conducted in 26 countries. Its main aim is to evaluate the relationship between three levels of target diastolic blood pressure (< or = 90, < or = 85 or < or = 80 mmHg) and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. In addition, the study will examine the effects on morbidity and mortality of a low dose, 75 mg daily, of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) or placebo. In the HOT Study, basic antihypertensive treatment is initiated with the calcium antagonist felodipine at a dose of 5 mg daily. If target blood pressure is not reached, additional antihypertensive therapy with either an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent is given. Further dosage adjustments are made in accordance with a set protocol. As a fifth and final step, a diuretic may be added. Inclusion of patients was stopped on April 30, 1994. At that time 19,196 patients had been randomized. There were 9,055 (47%) women and 10,141 (53%) men with an average age of 61.5 +/- 7.5 (SD) years. At enrollment, 52% of patients were receiving antihypertensive treatment. These patients entered a wash-out period of at least 2 weeks before randomization. The average randomization blood pressure in untreated patients was 169 +/- 14/106 +/- 3 mmHg and in the treated patients 170 +/- 14/105 +/- 3 mmHg. On August 15, 1994, blood pressure data were available for 14,710 and 10,275 patients, who had completed 3 and 6 months treatment, respectively. The average reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 22 mmHg after 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study--patient characteristics: randomization, risk profiles, and early blood pressure results. 786 89

Long-term management of patients following myocardial infarction requires assessment of both residual ischemia and left ventricular function, since these are the primary factors in determining the patient's prognosis. Most patients with uncomplicated hospital courses should undergo exercise testing and assessment of the ejection fraction. Aspirin and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents should be prescribed to most patients, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and cholesterol-lowering drugs should be administered when indicated. Psychologic issues unique to myocardial infarction must be addressed, and an appropriate exercise program should be prescribed. The goal is to help patients achieve the functional status they had before the infarction.
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PMID:Managing patients with myocardial infarction after hospital discharge. 781 77

A histochemical analysis was performed on the activity of myofibrillar ATPase following preincubation at pH 10.3 with NADH-diaphorase in the cat tail muscles (ECM; extensor caudae medialis, ECL; extensor caudae lateralis, ACE; abductor caudae externus, ACI; abductor caudae internus, FCL; flexor caudae longus, and FCB; flexor caudae brevis). Muscles contained three types of muscle fibers: FG (fast-twitch glycolytic) showed high reaction of myofibrillar ATPase staining and low reaction in NADH-diaphorase staining; FOG (fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic) showed high reaction in myofibrillar ATPase staining and high reaction in NADH-diaphorase staining; and SO (slow-twitch oxidative) showed low reaction in myofibrillar ATPase staining and high reaction in NADH-diaphorase staining. All 6 tail muscles were composed of these three types of fibers, but proportions differed in each tail muscle. Proportions of SO and FG fibers were highest in ECL (SO: 38.6 +/- 2.3, S.D. %) and ACI (FG: 59.2 +/- 5.0%), respectively. The diameters of the fibers were also measured (SO; 50.47 +/- 3.12, FOG; 58.18 +/- 2.78, FG; 70.91 +/- 3.40, S.D. microns).
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PMID:Histochemical fiber composition of cat's tail muscles. 814 97

The Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study is a prospective, randomized, multicenter study which will be conducted in some 20 countries world-wide. Two major issues will be investigated: i) What is the optimal target diastolic blood pressure during antihypertensive treatment with regard to the reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality? In order to address this question patients will be randomized to three different therapeutic goals: a diastolic blood pressure < or = 90 mmHg, < or = 85 mmHg or < or = 80 mmHg; ii) The second aim is to evaluate the effect of a low dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) 75 mg o.d. in comparison with placebo on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The first aim will be investigated in accordance with the PROBE design (Prospective Randomized Open Blinded Endpoint evaluation), whereas the evaluation of aspirin versus placebo will be conducted under double blind conditions. It is estimated that 1,100 clinical events will be needed in order to answer the question regarding the relationship between target diastolic blood pressure and major cardiovascular events. The collection of these events will require the enrollment of at least 18,000 hypertensive men and women aged 50-80 years to be followed for 2.5 years (about 40,000 patient years). All patients will be given felodipine 5 mg o.d. as basic antihypertensive treatment with the addition of a beta-blocker or an ACE-inhibitor in a second step, with further predetermined increments in dosage as required in order to obtain the randomized therapeutic goal.
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PMID:The Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study (the HOT Study). 819 35

The relationship between serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (SACE) and inflammatory bowel disease was investigated in 30 patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) (CDAI > 150), 12 patients were not taking active medication, while 11 were on prednisone and 7 on mesalazine (5-ASA). Of 12 patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), 4 patients were without treatment, 4 were on prednisone and 4 on mesalazine. Twelve patients with acute pulmonary sarcoidosis and 25 healthy subjects were studied. SACE levels in CD were not significantly different compared to healthy subjects and did not appear to be affected by the anti-inflammatory therapy. The average levels of SACE in UC were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects and CD (p < 0.005). Among the UC patients there was a trend for lower levels in the group treated with prednisone. In patients with active sarcoidosis SACE levels were extremely elevated and were significantly higher than in all other groups examined (p < 0.0001). The granulomatous inflammation in Crohn's disease differs from that of sarcoidosis, in which there is a striking elevation of angiotensin converting enzyme in serum. In other words, SACE levels seem to differentiate patients with active CD from patients with UC.
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PMID:Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. 838 13

The susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias under the conditions of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion was investigated in the Langendorff heart preparation of rats fed for eight weeks a standard chow enriched with 2% of pulverized wild garlic leaves. The isolated hearts were perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during 20 min occlusion of the descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD) was significantly reduced in the wild garlic group as compared to untreated controls (20% vs 88%). The same holds for the size of the ischemic zone (33.6% vs 40.9% of heart weight). In the reperfusion experiments (5 min after 10 min ischemia), ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurred in 70% of the wild garlic group vs 100% in untreated controls and VF in 50% vs 90%. The time until occurrence of extrasystoles, VT or VR was prolonged. No significant alterations in cardiac fatty acid composition could be observed. Although the prostacyclin production was slightly increased in hearts of the wild garlic group, inhibition of cyclooxygenase by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; aspirin) could not completely prevent the cardioprotective effects suggesting that the prostaglandin system does not play a decisive role in the cardioprotective action of wild garlic. Furthermore, a moderate angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting action of wild garlic was found in vitro as well as in vivo that could contribute to the cardioprotective and blood pressure lowering action of wild garlic. Whether a free radical scavenging activity of wild garlic is involved in its cardioprotective effects remains to be established.
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PMID:Cardioprotective actions of wild garlic (allium ursinum) in ischemia and reperfusion. 845 76


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