Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Voluntary bystanders, simulating a situation of non-occupational exposure to Z- and E-1,3-dichloropropene (Z- and E-DCP), were exposed during field application of this nematocide in the Dutch flower-bulb culture. Environmental monitoring revealed that mean respiratory exposure concentrations of Z- and E-DCP varied from non-detectable levels to 1.12 mg/m3 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) for Z-DCP and to 0.91 mg/m3 8-h TWA for E-DCP. Biological monitoring was executed by determining urinary mercapturic acid metabolites of Z- and E-DCP according to a method recently validated in occupationally exposed applicators. A linear relationship between respiratory exposure to Z- and E-DCP and the urinary excretion of both mercapturic acids was observed in bystanders. Dermal uptake did not contribute significantly to the internal dose of Z- or E-DCP. The urinary mercapturic acid of Z-DCP was a more sensitive parameter for the detection of exposure than was respiratory air monitoring. In future studies it would be worthwhile to determine the extent of exposure of real bystanders to DCP on the basis of urinary mercapturic acid excretion.
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PMID:Environmental and biological monitoring of non-occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene. 191 66

The thermal behavior of water in liposome dispersions and in liposome dispersions containing mannitol at subzero temperatures was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cooling curves from 20 down to -60 degrees C for a liposome dispersion (bilayer composition PL100H/DCP), monitored at cooling rates of 5 and 10 degrees C/min, showed several heat flows related to water crystallization. All lipid-containing dispersions showed water crystallization at temperatures below -40 degrees C. The magnitude of this heat flow strongly depended on the experimental variables. Cooling rate, particle size, lipid concentration, and location and nature of the cryoprotectant all influenced the water crystallization behavior as shown in the DSC cooling curve. Different fractions of water--presumably related to their location in the dispersion--could be distinguished. It is concluded that DSC provides a valuable tool for the detection of changes in the physical state of water in liposome dispersions during freezing/thawing. The insights gained from these DSC studies may make it possible to select--on the basis of rational considerations rather than by trial and error--optimum conditions for the cryopreservation of liposomes containing water-soluble drugs.
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PMID:The cryopreservation of liposomes. 1. A differential scanning calorimetry study of the thermal behavior of a liposome dispersion containing mannitol during freezing/thawing. 192 54

This is a study of 84 patients with upper arm fractures who were treated by plate osteosynthesis. The indication was mandatory in 9 patients with open fractures, 23 patients with primary radial nerve palsy on admission, 5 patients with radial nerve palsy after the initial treatment, 22 patients with pseudarthrosis and 7 patients who were polytraumatised. The operation was also indicated in 15 patients, because of the form of the fracture, in 3 patients with brachial plexus lesion, in 3 patients because it involved both upper arms and in 3 patients with segmental fractures. The 4.5 DCP was used in all these cases. All the cases of pseudarthrosis progressed to achieve bony union after the operation. There was no incidence of postoperative pseudarthrosis. We did encounter two cases (2.4%) of radial nerve palsy that required exploration. All the preoperative primary and secondary cases of radial nerve palsy recovered postoperatively. After an average follow-up period of 2.4 years (1-10 years) 90% of the patients could be classified as having very good or good results.
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PMID:[The surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures]. 197 84

A biological monitoring study was carried out in the Dutch flower-bulb culture to determine the relationship between respiratory occupational exposure to Z- and E-1,3-dichloropropene (Z- and E-DCP) and urinary excretion of two mercapturic acid metabolites, N-acetyl-S-(Z- and E-3-chloropropenyl-2)-L- cysteine (Z- and E-DCP-MA). Urinary excretion of Z- and E-DCP-MA, either based on excretion rates or on creatinine excretion, followed first order elimination kinetics after exposure. Urinary half-lives of elimination were 5.0 +/- 1.2 hr for Z-DCP-MA and 4.7 +/- 1.3 hr for E-DCP-MA and were not statistically significantly different. Calculated coefficients of variation indicated that the half-lives of elimination of Z- and E-DCP-MA were quite consistent inter- and intra-individually. Strong correlations (r greater than or equal to 0.93) were observed between respiratory 8-hr time weighted average (TWA) exposure to Z- and E-DCP and complete cumulative urinary excretion of Z- and E-DCP-MA. Z-DCP yielded three times more mercapturic acid than E-DCP, probably due to differences in metabolism. Z- and E-DCP were excreted 45 and 14% as their respective mercapturic acid metabolites. A respiratory 8-hr TWA exposure to the Dutch occupational exposure limit of 5 mg.m-3 DCP would result in a complete cumulative excretion of 14.4 mg (95% confidence interval: 11.7-17.0 mg) Z-DCP-MA and 3.2 mg (95% confidence interval: 2.3-4.1 mg) E-DCP-MA.
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PMID:Inhalation exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene in the Dutch flower-bulb culture. Part II. Biological monitoring by measurement of urinary excretion of two mercapturic acid metabolites. 199 11

Forty-five patients underwent surgical reconstruction with transpedicular fixation of the lumbar spine with narrow AO DCP plates. Preoperatively, all patients underwent spinal imaging with either magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or myelogram as well as provocative discography to determine the location and the number of symptomatic segments. The minimum follow-up in this series was 2 years. The determination of solid posterior fusion in the presence of plate instrumentation was difficult. The patients in the series were classified as having 1) solid fusion; 2) radiographic flaws within the posterolateral fusion without implant failure; or 3) frank pseudarthrosis with implant failure. Thirty-six (80%) of the patients had a solid fusion, 9 of whom required an additional anterior interbody fusion to obtain symptom control. Twenty percent of the patients in the series had radiographic evidence of reabsorption without implant failure. Four patients in the series (8.8%) had screw breakage, three of which required anterior interbody fusions. The highest rate of reabsorption and pseudarthrosis implant failure was in the 12 patients who had three-level instrumentation; 33% of these patients required anterior interbody fusion to obtain a solid arthrodesis. The average preoperative pain scale was 8.9, and the average postoperative pain scale was a 3.3. Twenty-two patients in the series were cigarette smokers and had a slightly lower fusion rate than non-smokers. They did, however, have a higher use of narcotics after surgery. Forty percent of the patients in this series continued to have radiculopathy after their reconstruction. This study demonstrates the utility of transpedicular fixation in salvage lumbar surgery in obtaining a solid arthrodesis with a beneficial clinical result. Anterior interbody fusions are highly successful in the management of pseudarthrosis and implant failure after transpedicular instrumentation.
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PMID:Reconstruction of failed lumbar surgery with narrow AO DCP plates for spinal arthrodesis. 202 35

AO/ASIF with its collaborating laboratories has developed cold worked pure titanium material for implants with an outstanding biocompatibility. The first prospectively controlled clinical series dates back to 1966 and was reported to be most successful. Pure titanium also became the material of choice for implants to be used in patients suffering from metal allergy. Today, a long-term and well-documented experience with these implants exists. It therefore seemed logical to use pure titanium for the new limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) system described in the previous article by Perren. Pilot clinics started to implant titanium LC-DCP in 1987, and already 271 plates have been used, mainly for the treatment of fresh fractures. Some 57 plates have so far been removed. The preliminary results are most favourable; they confirm especially the outstanding biocompatibility of pure titanium.
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PMID:Clinical experience with titanium implants, especially with the limited contact dynamic compression plate system. 207 48

2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was anaerobically degraded in freshwater lake sediments. From observed intermediates in incubated sediment samples and from enrichment cultures, the following sequence of transformations was postulated. 2,4-DCP is dechlorinated to 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 4-CP is dechlorinated to phenol, phenol is carboxylated to benzoate, and benzoate is degraded via acetate to methane and CO2; at least five different organisms are involved sequentially. The rate-limiting step was the transformation of 4-CP to phenol. Sediment-free enrichment cultures were obtained which catalyzed only the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP, the carboxylation of phenol, and the degradation of benzoate, respectively. Whereas the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP was not inhibited by H2, the dechlorination of 4-CP, and the transformation of phenol and benzoate were. Low concentrations of 4-CP inhibited phenol and benzoate degradation. Transformation rates and maximum concentrations allowing degradation were determined in both freshly collected sediments and in adapted samples: at 31 degrees C, which was the optimal temperature for the dechlorination, the average adaptation time for 2,4-DCP, 4-CP, phenol, and benzoate transformations were 7, 37, 11 and 2 days, respectively. The maximal observed transformation rates for these compounds in acclimated sediments were 300, 78, 2, 130, and 2,080 micromol/liter(-1)/day(-1), respectively. The highest concentrations which still allowed the transformation of the compound in acclimated sediments were 3.1 m/M 2,4-DCP, 3.1 mM 4-CP, 13 mM phenol, and greater than 52 mM benzoate. The corresponding values were lower for sediments which had not been adapted for the transformation steps.
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PMID:Sequential anaerobic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in freshwater sediments. 211 Nov 12

We have studied the in vitro interactions versus some blood components of the hemoglobin niosomes whose preparation and physicochemical and oxyphoric properties have been published in a precedent paper (this journal, 1989, No. 7, p. 192). This work was devoted to the research of 1) Agglutination phenomena with ABO blood group substances, plasma, some of its components and three plasma expanders, finally main erythrocytic phenotypes. 2) Adsorption of plasma proteins by immunoelectrophoresis. 3) Effects of niosomes on blood coagulation by thromboelastography. 4) Interactions between niosomes and phagocytes by electron microscopy, chemotactic migration, oxygen consumption, superoxide generation and oxydases function. These assays allow to observe and conclude that: 1) The agglutination phenomena are almost constant except with red blood cells. The agglutinates are dissociable by shaking. The agglutination appears to be nonspecific of a niosome component but is not observed with "classical" DPPC-chol-DCP liposomes. 2) Albumin and eventually transferrin are adsorbed at the surface of niosomes but without destabilizing them. 3) The vesicules show no important effects on coagulation factors, the enhancement of clotting time appearing essentially the consequence of blood dilution. 4) Niosomes phagocytosis is important but all the measurements fail to show any cellular metabolism activation: cell oxygen consumption, oxygenated metabolites generation and oxydases activity are not enhanced whatever the "electric" charge or the niosomes/phagocytes ratio used.
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PMID:[Hemoglobin niosomes. II. In vitro interactions of plasma proteins and phagocytes]. 218 79

Over 70 pesticides have been detected in ground water. Aldicarb and atrazine along with the soil fumigants EDB and DCP and DBCP have been the pesticides most frequently detected in ground water. Atrazine concentrations have been correlated with high nitrate concentrations. The triazine herbicides, simazine and cyanazine, have also been detected in ground water. The annual amount of recharge, soil type, depth of aquifer from the surface, nitrate contamination and soil pH are important field parameters in determining ground-water contamination potential by pesticides. Pesticide leaching is reduced by proper choice of crop rotation, increasing pesticide application efficiency, and integrated pest management.
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PMID:Pesticide contamination of ground water in the United States--a review. 218 18

A Pseudomonas cepacia, designated strain BRI6001, was isolated from peat by enrichment culture using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as the sole carbon source. BRI6001 grew at up to 13 mM 2,4-D, and degraded 1 mM 2,4-D at an average starting population density as low as 1.5 cells/ml. Degradation was optimal at acidic pH, but could also be inhibited at low pH, associated with chloride release from the substrate, and the limited buffering capacity of the growth medium. The only metabolite detected during growth on 2,4-D was 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and degradation of the aromatic nucleus was by intradiol cleavage. Growth lag times prior to the on-set of degradation, and the total time required for degradation, were linearly related to the starting population density and the initial 2,4-D concentration. BRI6001, grown on 2,4-D, oxidized a variety of structurally similar chlorinated aromatic compounds accompanied by stoichiometric chloride release.
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PMID:Influence of environmental factors on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation by Pseudomonas cepacia isolated from peat. 224 84


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