Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of NADH diaphorase, G-6-PDH, ICDH, delta5-3beta-HSDH, 17beta-HSDH and 11beta-HSDH enzyme activity has been histochemically demonstrated in the renal and the collecting tubules of the kidney of the musk shrew, Crocidura caerulea, a primitive mammal. It is inferred that the kidney is capable of converting delta5-3beta, 17beta- and 11beta-hydroxysteroids to ketosteroids, presumably, during steroid excretion.
 ...
PMID:Steroid dehydrogenases in the kidney of musk shrew, Crocidura caerulea: a histochemical study. 81 70

Experiments were conducted on 45 male rats; histophysiological characteristics of ependymocytes of the subcommissural organ (SCO) and of adrencorticocytes of the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex (GZA) was investigated under conditions of dehydration and water loading. A marked activation of H-6-PDH, HDH, NAD-dependent alphaHPDH, and an enhancement of the H-6-PDH, NAD-diaphorase and 3betaol activity in the GZA adrencorticocytes resulted from dehydration. Water loading depressed the synthetic processes, particularly in the SCO ependymocytes. The data obtained suggest a functional interrelation between the SCO and GZA.
 ...
PMID:[Histophysiological characteristics of the structures of the subcommissural organ of the brain and the glomerular zone of the adrenal gland in changes of the water-electrolyte balance]. 88 35

A sensitive enzyme immunoassay was developed for human angiotensin converting enzyme. Monoclonal antibodies specific for two unique converting enzyme epitopes were utilized to develop a two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Alkaline phosphatase conjugated to the detecting antibody hydrolyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) to NAD. Subsequently, NAD is cycled between its reduced and oxidized forms by an alcohol dehydrogenase/diaphorase catalyzed redox cycle. Each cycle converts iodonitrotetrazolium violet to a highly colored formazan which is quantitated. With this assay, as little as 94 pg/ml of native converting enzyme is detectable without interference from either therapeutic or endogenous converting enzyme inhibitors.
 ...
PMID:A sensitive two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human angiotensin converting enzyme utilizing monoclonal antibodies. 169 77

A histochemical analysis was performed on the activity of myofibrillar ATPase following preincubation at pH 10.3 with NADH-diaphorase in the cat tail muscles (ECM; extensor caudae medialis, ECL; extensor caudae lateralis, ACE; abductor caudae externus, ACI; abductor caudae internus, FCL; flexor caudae longus, and FCB; flexor caudae brevis). Muscles contained three types of muscle fibers: FG (fast-twitch glycolytic) showed high reaction of myofibrillar ATPase staining and low reaction in NADH-diaphorase staining; FOG (fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic) showed high reaction in myofibrillar ATPase staining and high reaction in NADH-diaphorase staining; and SO (slow-twitch oxidative) showed low reaction in myofibrillar ATPase staining and high reaction in NADH-diaphorase staining. All 6 tail muscles were composed of these three types of fibers, but proportions differed in each tail muscle. Proportions of SO and FG fibers were highest in ECL (SO: 38.6 +/- 2.3, S.D. %) and ACI (FG: 59.2 +/- 5.0%), respectively. The diameters of the fibers were also measured (SO; 50.47 +/- 3.12, FOG; 58.18 +/- 2.78, FG; 70.91 +/- 3.40, S.D. microns).
 ...
PMID:Histochemical fiber composition of cat's tail muscles. 814 97

A comparative study has been performed on populations of Unionidae from the Lake Suszek and Brda river situated in the centre of Tucholski Landscape Park, around which there are no factories and the Pilica river--affected by the influence of the nearby town agglomeration. Mussels collected from Suszek were also treated (72 h) with various concentrations of dichlorophenol (DCP; 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 ppm) and paraquat (PQ; 1, 5, 10 ppm) in laboratory conditions (aquarium). The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system (NAD(P)H ferricyanide reductase, NAD(P)H cytochrome c reductase), cytochrome P450 content and b(5) in microsomal and cytosolic fractions of digestive gland were investigated. The differences in enzyme activities between groups of mussels, which were exposed to various concentrations of chemical pollutants, as well as the dependence on geographical distribution in Poland, were observed. In experiments with DCP the dose-dependent increase in GST activity was found, but no changes after PQ treatment were observed. Results, in experiments with DCP and PQ, have varied from no change to increase or decrease in the measured monooxygenase activities and cytochrome P450 content. Increases have been recorded in two cases (NADPH ferricyanide reductase and cytochrome P450) after exposure to DCP and in the case of NADH ferricyanide reductase following the exposure to PQ. NAD(P)H cytochrome c reductase activity and content of P450 decreased considerably in 5 and 10 ppm PQ-treated mussels. Thus, the treatment with DCP and PQ in water changed the properties of the mussels digestive gland cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system. These changes may be used as a bioindicator, at the molecular level, of exposure to those xenobiotics not only in controlled experiments (aquaria) but also in the natural environment.
 ...
PMID:Comparative study of the xenobiotic metabolising system in the digestive gland of the bivalve molluscs in different aquatic ecosystems and in aquaria experiments. 1229 71

The production of NO by heart mitochondria was 0.7-1.1 nmol NO/min.mg protein, an activity similar to the ones observed in mitochondrial membranes from other organs. Heart mtNOS seems to contribute with about 56% of the total cellular NO production. The immunological nature of the mtNOS isoform of cardiac tissue remains unclear; in our laboratory, heart mtNOS reacted with an anti-iNOS anti-body. Heart mtNOS expression and activity are regulated by physiological and pharmacological effectors. The state 4/state 3 transition regulates heart mtNOS activity and NO release in intact respiring mitochondria: NO production rates in state 3 were 40% lower than in state 4. Heart mtNOS expression was selectively regulated by O(2) availability in hypobaric conditions and the activity was 20-60% higher in hypoxic rats than in control animals, depending on age. In contrast, NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase activities were not affected by hypoxia. The activity of rat heart mtNOS decreased 20% on aging from 12 to 72 weeks of age. On the pharmacological side, mitochondrial NO production was increased after enalapril treatment (the inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme) with modification of heart mtNOS functional activity in the regulation of mitochondrial O(2) uptake and H(2)O(2) production. Thus, heart mtNOS is a highly regulated mitochondrial enzyme, which in turn, plays a regulatory role through mitochondrial NO steady state levels that modulate O(2) uptake and O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) production rates. Nitric oxide and H(2)O(2) constitute signals for metabolic control that are involved in the regulation of cellular processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis.
 ...
PMID:Heart mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase. Effects of hypoxia and aging. 1505 16

A newly synthesized substrate, 3-hydroxybutyrylglycyl-glycyl-glycine (3HB-GGG), was applied to the assay of ACE-inhibiting activity to overcome the smaller selectivity and sensitivity of the conventional method. In this study, an ACE-inhibiting assay was improved by the use of a water-soluble tetrazolium salt, 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate sodium salt (WST-1), for the detection of 3-hydroxybutyrate, derived from 3HB-GGG. The optimized conditions were as follows: 0.333 mM NAD(+), 0.333 mM WST-1, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.633 U ml(-1) diaphorase, and 0.700 U ml(-1) 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The developed assay was efficiently applicable to evaluate the ACE-inhibiting activity of practical ACE inhibitors.
 ...
PMID:Assay of angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibiting activity based on the detection of 3-hydroxybutyrate with water-soluble tetrazolium salt. 1868 50

Leigh syndrome can be caused by defects in both nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in energy metabolism. Recently, an increasing number of mutations in mitochondrial DNA encoding regions, especially in NADH dehydrogenase (respiratory chain complex I) subunits, have been reported as causative of early onset Leigh syndrome. We describe a patient whose fetal brain ultrasound demonstrated periventricular pseudocyst suggestive of a possible mitochondrial disorder who presented postnatally with Leigh syndrome. A muscle biopsy demonstrated a partial decrease in complex I and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH-E1 alpha) activity. Sequencing of the PDH-E1 alpha gene did not reveal any mutation. Sequencing of the mtDNA revealed a novel heteroplasmic G10254A (D66N) mutation in the ND3 gene. This change results in a substitution of aspartic acid to asparagine in a highly conserved domain of the ND3 subunit. The mutation could not be detected in the mother's blood or urine sediment. Blue native gel electrophoresis of muscle mitochondria revealed a normal size, albeit a decreased level of complex I. The G10254A substitution in the mtDNA-ND3 gene is another cause of maternally inherited Leigh syndrome. This case demonstrates that periventricular pseudocysts may be the initial in utero presentation in patients with mitochondrial disorders. We emphasize the importance of screening the mtDNA in pediatric patients as the first step in molecular diagnosis of Leigh syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Leigh disease presenting in utero due to a novel missense mutation in the mitochondrial DNA-ND3. 2020 74