Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence is presented for regulation by insulin of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) interconversion in rat heart muscle in vivo and in vitro. In the alloxan diabetic rat the active (dephospho) enzyme amounted only to 12% of total PDH and was restored to 42% by insulin. Antilipolytic treatment of the dibetic animals was ineffective, indicating that the action of insulin was independent of a lowering of plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration. On perfusion of isolated hearts from diabetic rats in the presence of glucose the proportion of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the active form remained low but was fully restored upon addition of insulin (2mU/ml) to the medium. No effect of insulin was obtained in the absence of glucose. The correlation between the rate of pyruvate decarboxylation in the perfused heart and of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, in vitro, suggests that in the diabetic heart the entry of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle is largely controlled by covalent modification of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex rather than by feedback inhibition. The possible role of insulin therein is discussed.
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PMID:The effect of insulin on pyruvate dehydrogenase interconversion in heart muscle of alloxan-diabetic rats. 63 58

Histochemical study of the activity of the redox and hydrolytic enzymes in the immunocompetent cells of the lungs of guinea pigs following intratracheal immunization with complete typhoid antigen demonstrated that following a single immunization at the initial periods elevation of the activity of AP, LDH, NAD- and NADP-diaphorases was seen in the macrophages; later GDH, G-6-PDH and AP was activated in the plasma cells. Double immunization was followed by an earlier and more intensive increase of the enzymatic activity in the cells under study.
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PMID:[Enzymatic activity in the lung cells to the intrapulmonary administration of antigen]. 66 42

In a detailed study focused on the methodological problems in dehydrogenase histochemistry [e.g., fixation, diffusion of enzymes and of reduced inermediates, conversion of NADPH and NADP to NADH and NAD, respectively, penetration of tetrazolium salt and formazan substantivity, 'nothing dehydrogenase' reaction, use of exogenous CoQ10 and of flavoprotein substitute (PMS)], the distribution and activity of succinate dehydrogenase, NAD(P)H-tetrazolium reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (H and M types), and of L-glutamate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.4.1.2 and E.C.1.4.1.3) have been investigated in the rat cerebellum. It was evident from the study that reliable results could only be obtained if all the aforementioned factors had been considered. The image of actual concentration of SDH in the neuropil of the molecular layer could only be recorded by adding CoQ10, while other structures exhibited greater balance between SDH and endogenous mitochondrial CoQ. Contrary to previous studies, a reversed localization of the activity of G-6-PDH and LDH was noticed. The elements of molecular and Purkinje layers were rich in G-6-PDH, while the granular layer was nearly depleted. The actual level of LDH could only be recorded if NADH-tetrazolium reductase was bypassed with PMS. The H and M types of LDH coexisted in the three cortical layers, the H type being prevalent and the M type attaining its highest level in synaptic glomeruli followed by the structures of the molecular layer and the Purkinje cells. High activity of GDH was noticed in Bergmann glia followed by synaptic glomeruli, while most other structures showed weak to moderate activity. The two GDH types coexisted in all structures showing activity, except for Bergmann cells, which only showed presence of the E.C. 1.4.1.3 type. Furthermore, Bergmann glia was exceptional by showing no activity of SDH and LDH, but strong activity of G-6-PDH and NADPH-tetrazolium reductase. The granular cells were exceptional by showing weak or no activity of all enzymes in question.
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PMID:Methodological aspects of the histochemical localization and activity of some cerebellar dehydrogenases. 66 87

A new electron carrier, Meldolar Blue (8-dimethylamino-2,3-benzophenoxazine; Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Deutsche Patentschrift P 1959410) was tested for its usefulness in the histochemical demonstration of dehydrogenase activity in adrenal cortex, liver, heart muscle of guinea pig and human oviduct and compared with PMS. For demonstrating SDH activity Meldola Blue (MB) is as efficient as PMS. A decisive advantage of MB as compared with PMS is its low sensitivity to light exposure, facilitating direct visualisation of histochemical reaction processes. Generally, a high diffusion rate of reduced electron carriers (PMS and MB) from the section into the incubation medium (PVA) leads to a loss of reduction equivalents, particularly in the demonstration of NAD- or NADP-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, G-6-PDH) with lower TNBT concentrations. However, no inhibition of SDH-, LDH- and G-6-PDH activities was observed with incubation media containing the tested concentrations of PMS and MB.
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PMID:Meldola blue: a new electron carrier for the histochemical demonstration of dehydrogenases (SDH, LDH, G-6-PDH). 73 13

Fetuses of nine gilts were decapitated (D) in utero and fetuses of eight gilts were sham operated (C) at 43 to 47 days of pregnancy. At 110 days, one fetus from each gilt was studied. Heart, liver, kidney, thyroid and body weights were recorded. Thyroids were evaluated for the degree of colloid accumulation and height of the follicular epithelium. Blood glucose, lactate, triglycerides and creatine phosphokinase activity were determined. Longissimus muscle glycogen was evaluated histochemically. Longissimus muscle total phosphorylase, phosphorylase a, G-6-PDH and SDH activity and glycogen were determined biochemically. The D fetuses were hairless, edematous, devoid of adrenal glands and unaffected by maternal anesthesia. Results indicate that the fetal pig pituitary gland is not required for continued fetal growth, but is necessary for normal organ and endocrine gland development. Fetal decapitation caused delayed maturation of the longissimus muscle with little change in anaerobic glycolytic capacity but decreased aerobic glycolytic capacity accompanied by increased activity of the pentose shunt.
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PMID:Longissimus muscle and plasma enzymes and metabolites in fetally decapitated pigs. 75 Mar 9

The presence of NADH diaphorase, G-6-PDH, ICDH, delta5-3beta-HSDH, 17beta-HSDH and 11beta-HSDH enzyme activity has been histochemically demonstrated in the renal and the collecting tubules of the kidney of the musk shrew, Crocidura caerulea, a primitive mammal. It is inferred that the kidney is capable of converting delta5-3beta, 17beta- and 11beta-hydroxysteroids to ketosteroids, presumably, during steroid excretion.
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PMID:Steroid dehydrogenases in the kidney of musk shrew, Crocidura caerulea: a histochemical study. 81 70

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
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PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

Histoenzymologic differences between the parotid, paramandibular and submandibular glands were studied in six Callithrix jacchus (four males and two females) and four Callithrix penicillata (three males and one female). The acinous cells of the paramandibular glands showed a stronger reactivity for the diaphorases (NADH2-TR and NADPH2-TR) and for a certain group of enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism (F-1-6P Ald, LDH, ADH, G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH), lipid metabolism (alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase), protein metabolism (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and GDH) and respiratory chain (cris-aconitase and ICDH). The nonspecific esterase was more reactive in the basal part of of the mucous cells of the submandibular glands. Conversely, some enzymes of the respiratory chain (SDH, cytochrome oxidase and ATPases) showed a stronger reactivity in the serous cells of the parotid and submandibular glands. The paramandibular glands exhibited a lesser autonomic innervation than the parotid and submandibular.
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PMID:Histochemical differences between the major salivary glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 38

The influence of sympathectomy of the ear artery in rabbits on the activity of a number of redox coenzymes inthe vascular wall (lactic, glucose-6-phosphoric, isocitrate, and succinic dehydrogenases: LDH, G-6-PDHm isoCDH, and SDH, respectively) was studied by the quantitative histochemical method. Sympathectomy produced a significant diminution of all the dehydrogenase activities. The effect of adrenalin and noradrenaline on the dehydrogenase activities differed. Adrenalin increased thI LDH activity in the intact perfused artery, but had no effect on the CDH and G-6-PDH. Contrary to adrenalin, noradrenaline increased not only the LDH activity, but also that of the G-6-PDH. The action of noradrenaline on the sympathectomized vessel depended on the place of noadrenaline entrance, i.e. through the intima or the adventitia.
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PMID:[Effect of desympathization and catecholamines on metabolic processes in the rabbit otic artery]. 88 11

Experiments were conducted on 45 male rats; histophysiological characteristics of ependymocytes of the subcommissural organ (SCO) and of adrencorticocytes of the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex (GZA) was investigated under conditions of dehydration and water loading. A marked activation of H-6-PDH, HDH, NAD-dependent alphaHPDH, and an enhancement of the H-6-PDH, NAD-diaphorase and 3betaol activity in the GZA adrencorticocytes resulted from dehydration. Water loading depressed the synthetic processes, particularly in the SCO ependymocytes. The data obtained suggest a functional interrelation between the SCO and GZA.
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PMID:[Histophysiological characteristics of the structures of the subcommissural organ of the brain and the glomerular zone of the adrenal gland in changes of the water-electrolyte balance]. 88 35


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