Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To find out optimal measuring conditions for determination of G-6-PDH-activity in erythrocytes of cattle and pigs by means of the optical test the dependence from nature, concentration and pH of buffer surroundings as well as from concentration of substrate (G-6-P), coenzyme (NADP) and activator (Mg++) was studied. From the results obtained, best reaction conditions for determination of G-6-PDH-activity in this species exist taking the following composition of the measuring sample (final concentration): 120 mM TRIS/HCl-buffer, pH 9.0; 10 mM MgSO4; 2 mM G-6-P; 0.2 mM NADP and 0.1 ml haemolysate in 3.0 ml of the measuring volume. The influence of an optimal planning of the reaction conditions on registration of G-6-PDH-activity in erythrocytes of the farming animals is discussed.
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PMID:[Determination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in cattle and swine erythrocytes using the optical test under optimal measuring conditions]. 101 71

Deliberate hypotension is widely used during cerebral-artery aneurysm surgery to facilitate clipping and to prevent rupture. A large number of drugs are commonly employed to achieve hypotension, but all have their specific drawbacks. We investigated the effects of magnesium-sulphate-induced hypotension on haemodynamics, as well as on plasma catecholamine and renin concentrations in 11 patients undergoing cerebral-aneurysm surgery. Magnesium sulphate lowered blood pressure by reducing systemic vascular resistance. There was no reflex tachycardia or rebound hypertension, and cardiac output was not decreased. Plasma renin activity increased during hypotension but the inhibitory effects of magnesium on angiotensin converting enzyme prevented angiotensin-II-associated hypertension. Plasma catecholamine concentrations increased moderately during hypotension. Renal perfusion was not impaired since diuresis remained constant or even improved during and after hypotension. Magnesium sulphate in high doses has major drawbacks, however, among which are enhanced neuromuscular blockade and delayed return of consciousness. Although the haemodynamic effects of magnesium sulphate during hypotension appear to be beneficial, these side-effects might limits its usefulness, particularly in neurosurgery. More research must be conducted before magnesium sulphate can be considered a routine method.
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PMID:Haemodynamic and endocrine effects of deliberate hypotension with magnesium sulphate for cerebral-aneurysm surgery. 187 7

Magnesium sulphate has antiarrhythmic and antithrombotic properties, a coronary and systemic vasodilating action, a direct myocardial protective effect in experimental and clinical models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Two meta-analyses have pooled the results of several small studies that had analyzed the effect of controlled hypermagnesiemia in acute myocardial infarction before the advent of thrombolytic and antithrombotic therapies. The results have shown a more than 50% mortality reduction, with a minimum estimated benefit of about 30%, and a reduction in ventricular arrhythmias of about 50%. In LIMIT-2, a double-blind trial of 2,316 patients where magnesium was administered as a 8 mMol bolus followed by a 24-hour infusion of 65 mMol, a 24% reduction in mortality was observed. However, these data have not been confirmed in the more than 58,000 patients of the ISIS-4 trial. In this study magnesium, at the same dose of the LIMIT trial, did not reduce 5-week mortality, neither in the general population (7.64% versus 7.24% in control patients, p = n.s.) nor in specific subgroups. The results of ISIS-4 have excluded the routine use of magnesium sulphate in acute myocardial infarction in the era of fibrinolysis and aspirin, beta-blockers and ACE-inhibitors. Nevertheless, magnesium administration could still be considered in certain clinical situations, such as 1) the presence of contraindications to fibrinolysis and aspirin, 2) the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias unresponsive (or as an alternative) to lidocaine, 3) severe hypertension when beta-blockers are not indicated.
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PMID:[Magnesium sulfate in acute myocardial infarction]. 868 39

This review discusses the use of antihypertensive drugs in acute and long term treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including their placental transfer and adverse effects on the fetus. All antihypertensive agents cross the placental barrier and are present in varying concentrations in the fetal circulation, with varying resultant effects on fetal metabolism. Antihypertensive drugs that are lipid soluble will pass through the placental barrier with ease whereas the most polar will not. Placental transfer diminishes under conditions that decrease the surface area or increase the thickness of the placenta. Highly protein-bound drugs form complexes which impair placental transfer while unbound drugs cross the placenta easily. The ionised drug form is highly charged and cannot cross lipid membranes while the un-ionised form can easily cross the placenta. A decrease in placental blood flow can slow down the transfer of lipid soluble drugs to the fetus. Close monitoring of the fetal and maternal condition is necessary for the rest of the pregnancy after antihypertensive therapy is commenced. Methyldopa is the initial drug of choice for long term oral antihypertensive therapy in pregnancy. Neither short term nor long term use of methyldopa is associated with adverse effects. In the short term (<6 weeks) beta-receptor antagonists are effective and well tolerated provided there are no signs of intrauterine growth impairment. ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors are contraindicated in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy because they are teratogenic. Intravenous dihydralazine is widely used for rapid reductions of severely elevated blood pressure. The use of nifedipine concurrently with MgSO4 must be approached with caution because the combination is associated with severe hypotension, neuromuscular blockade and cardiac depression. In the last decade, knowledge of antihypertensive drugs used in pregnancy has improved and new drugs, e.g. calcium antagonists, which have been shown to have great potential for use in pregnancy, have been introduced. Safety for the fetus with newer drugs has not yet been adequately evaluated. Currently, well established and cost effective drugs such as methyldopa (long term use) and intravenous dihydralazine (rapid reduction) are the agents of choice to treat hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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PMID:Effects of antihypertensive drugs on the unborn child: what is known, and how should this influence prescribing? 1112 43