Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metered-dose inhalers (MDI) are routinely used to administer inhaled antiasthma drugs. Actuation-inhalation coordination problems are overcome and systemic side effects are reduced by using spacers/holding chambers (SP/HCHs). Many of these devices do not allow the use of the manufacturer's actuator. The objectives of this study were (a) to investigate the effect of the interaction of eight MDI products with four different SP/HCHs on their metering performance (MP); and (b) to test the hypothesis whether the MP obtained with a SP/HCH and a given drug (MDI) can be extrapolated to other MDIs, even for members of its particular drug class. The procedure outlined in The United States Pharmacopeia-The National Formulary was used (determination of canister weight changes after actuation). The SP/HCH tested were Aerochamber, Inspirease, and ACE. The MDIs tested were salmeterol xinafoate; albuterol with chlorofluorocarbons and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane as propellants; cromolyn sodium; nedocromil sodium; flunisolide; beclomethasone dipropionate; and fluticasone propionate. Only flunisolide-Inspirease presented an unacceptable MP. Although within the acceptable limits, the MP varied significantly between the following MDI-SP/HCH combinations: Optihaler-fluticasone propionate and Optihaler-cromolyn sodium < to Aerochamber-fluticasone propionate and Aerochamber-cromolyn sodium (p = 0.0015 and p = 0.0007, respectively); and Inspirease-flunisolide and Optihaler-flunisolide < Aerochamber flunisolide (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively). MP did not significantly vary when albuterol with chlorofluorocarbons or 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane as propellants, salmeterol xinafoate, beclomethasone dipropionate, and nedocromil sodium were attached to any of the SP/HCHs studied. Our results emphasize the capital importance of choosing the right combination of MDI and SP/HCH for aerosol delivery. The MP obtained with a drug and a SP/HCH cannot be expected to be similar for other MDIs, even for members of its drug class. These data also suggest the need for regulatory agencies to approve an MDI to be used only with the SP/HCHs tested.
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PMID:Metering performance of several metered-dose inhalers with different spacers/holding chambers. 1179 83

Telone is a potent fumigant that is based on the chlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbon, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-DCP). It is often applied without dilution and so poses severe inhalation and air pollution threats. Urinary metabolites of 1,3-DCP have been detected after Telone skin exposure, so that preventing dermal exposure is also important. The objective of the study was to assess if nitrile and multi-layer ("laminated") gloves provide adequate protection against Telone EC formulation. To accomplish this, disposable (Safeskin) and chemically resistant (Sol-Vex) nitrile and laminated (Barrier mark and Silver Shield) glove materials were challenged by Telone EC with hexane liquid collection in an ASTM-type I-PTC-600 permeation cell. Analyses of cis- and trans-1,3-DCP in the collection fluid at specified times were performed on a moderately polar capillary column by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. Telone EC caused microholes in both nitrile materials, though the chemically protective material was degraded slower than the disposable nitrile. The laminated gloves offered limited protection. Silver Shield protected best because 1.5-2.3 mg 1,3-DCP permeated by 8 h relative to 2.5-7.6 mg for Barrier, implying about 2.5 times more protection for 8 h. Even for Silver Shield, the extent of protection was inadequate as illustrated by a risk assessment of the skin exposure situation. The normalized breakthrough times for both types of laminated gloves varied between 27 and 60 min. It is recommended that Viton gloves still be worn for protection.
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PMID:Permeation of Telone EC through protective gloves. 1598 7

Effect of ajwain extract on hexachlorocyclohexane-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in rats were investigated. Six groups of rats were maintained for 12 weeks as (1) Control; (2) HCH (300 mg/kg body weight) injected (3) 1% ajwain extract incorporated diet (4)1% ajwain extract incorporated diet+HCH (5) 2% ajwain extract incorporated diet and (6) 2% ajwain extract incorporated diet+HCH. Results revealed that HCH administration lead to an increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation associated with reduction in, levels of glutathione (GSH), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Prefeeding of ajwain extract resulted in decreased hepatic levels of lipid peroxides and increased GSH, GSH-peroxidase, G-6-PDH, SOD, catalase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. At the same time there was a significant reduction in hepatic levels of HCH-induced raise in lipid peroxides as a result of the prefeeding the extract. Prefeeding of ajwain extract at 1% level to rats injected with HCH reverted the significant changes in catalase, G-6-PDH, GST and -glutamyl transpeptidase. HCH-induced formation of micronuclei in femur bone marrow was also reduced significantly. It was concluded that HCH administration resulted in hepatic free radical stress, causing toxicity, which could be reduced by the dietary ajwain extract.
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PMID:Ameliorative effect of ajwain extract on hexachlorocyclohexane-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver. 1894 Feb 28