Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe two patients demonstrating a granulomatous inflammation of bronchial mucosa characterized clinically by a persistent dry cough, lack of manifestations of bronchial asthma, normal level of serum IgE and serum ACE, inflamed bronchial mucosal appearance consisting of edema, erythema, bleeding and narrowing and recovering without specific treatment. Histopathological findings of the bronchial inflammation of our patients were characterized by noncaseating granuloma formation consisting of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells with infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. The bronchial granulomatous inflammation of our patients was thought to differ from that of diseases which have been known, to our knowledge, as diseases demonstrating a granulomatous inflammation of bronchial mucosa. Although the pathogenesis of the disease could not be clarified by a careful search of special staining and culturing for the infective agent, it was most suggestive of non-specific inflammation with a granulomatous response to some sort of inhaled agents.
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PMID:Idiopathic granulomatous bronchitis. An unusual form of known granulomatous lung diseases or an unknown disease? 134 46

Two non-sulfur containing ACE-inhibitors were tested concerning their local effect on experimental dermatitis in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. Enalaprilat but not cilazaprilat potentiated the ovalbumin-evoked inflammatory response. Furthermore, enalaprilat clearly enhanced the erythema evoked by substance P, whereas cilazaprilat did not. Concerning, the bradykinin-evoked erythema, enalaprilat significantly potentiated the response, whereas cilazaprilat only caused a slight increase. Our results suggest that different affinities for peptidases involved in degradation of inflammatory peptides can explain differences between the pro-inflammatory properties of enalaprilat and cilazaprilat.
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PMID:Effects of cilazaprilat and enalaprilat on experimental dermatitis in guinea pigs. 171 14

Thirty four beagle dogs, male and female were orally given 10, 30, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, for 3 months followed by a recovery test for 4 weeks. One of 4 female dogs which were treated with the highest dose of 200 mg/kg/day throughout the experimental period died of bronchial pneumonia. Hypersalivation and occasionally vomiting was observed in dogs treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg/day. Skin eruption such as erythema and papules was observed mostly at the ventral surface of the neck, chest and upper abdomen in dogs in these two experimental groups. Histological examination of the lesion revealed cellular infiltration with edema and expansion in the dermis and slight hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis and acanthosis. Changes in erythrocyte counts, hematocrit values and hemoglobin contents during the course of administration were variable among dogs but these were obvious in animals treated with higher doses. An increase in erythropoiesis of the bone marrow, extramedullary hematopoiesis and slight hemosiderosis in liver and spleen were revealed by histological examination. Above histological observations suggest that captopril may cause hemolysis. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of juxtaglomerular cells with increased number of JG granules were shown in the highest dosage group even 4 weeks after suspension of captopril administration. A distinct plasma renin activity supported the morphological changes. From the results of three months administration of captopril to beagle dogs, the maximum non-toxic dose may be around 10 mg/kg/day and toxic dose 100 mg/kg/day.
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PMID:[Three month subacute toxicity of captopril in beagle dogs]. 627 85

After UV irradiation of human skin there is an increase in epidermal and stratum corneum thickness and an increase in the thymidine autoradiographic labeling index. Previously we have demonstrated that persistent exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) alters the distribution and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) within the epidermis; G-6-PDH activity is increased over the whole epidermis and SDH activity is diminished in the granular cell area but increased in the basal layer. When skin is protected by an efficient sunscreen and irradiated with UVB, there is almost complete inhibition of the erythema normally seen following UVR exposure. In this study we have investigated the cytochemical, cell kinetic, and histometric changes that take place in the epidermis after UVB irradiation, with and without two different types of sunscreen. Some of the histometric and metabolic changes associated with UVB exposure were still evident despite sunscreen protection and the successful blocking of the erythema response. The implications of these findings are discussed together with the use of sunscreens to prevent development of solar damage.
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PMID:Response of human skin to ultraviolet radiation: dissociation of erythema and metabolic changes following sunscreen protection. 682 29

The effects of indomethacin and captopril on local cutaneous blood flow changes and weal induced by intradermal injections of bradykinin were assessed in two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in healthy volunteers. Alterations in cutaneous blood flow were estimated by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and erythema area. LDF output, erythema area and weal volume increased with incremental bradykinin dose. Single doses of indomethacin 25 mg and 75 mg did not affect these cutaneous responses compared with placebo. Captopril 25 mg significantly potentiated the increase in local cutaneous blood flow measured by LDF, but not erythema area, and weal volume induced by bradykinin. The effects of the combined treatment of indomethacin 75 mg and captopril 25 mg were not significantly different from those due to captopril alone. The enhanced cutaneous effects of bradykinin following administration of captopril are in keeping with effective kininase II inhibition in the tissues. Cyclo-oxygenase products release does not appear to contribute to the cutaneous actions of bradykinin nor the potentiation of these responses by captopril.
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PMID:Cutaneous blood flow changes and weal induced by intradermal bradykinin following pretreatment with indomethacin and captopril. 843 53

1. The effects of captopril and enalapril on skin responses to intradermal injections of bradykinin and skin blood flow in the forearm were investigated in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. 2. Intradermal injections of 0, 1, 2.5 and 5 micrograms of bradykinin in 0.9% sodium chloride were made into the forearm of twelve healthy volunteers before and at 2, 6 and 24 h after single oral doses of 25 mg captopril, 10 mg enalapril or placebo. Forearm skin blood flow was measured by the technique of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) before the injections were made and the skin responses evaluated at 15 min after injections of bradykinin by measurement of cutaneous blood flow outside the induced weal, erythema area and weal volume. 3. The bradykinin-induced cutaneous responses measured by LDF, erythema area and weal volume increased with incremental bradykinin dose. Compared with placebo, captopril significantly augmented the cutaneous vasodilator effects of bradykinin, measured by LDF and erythema area, at 2 h and the weal responses at 2 and 6 h. Enalapril enhanced the vasodilator responses to bradykinin at 2 and 6 h and the weal responses at 2, 6 and 24 h. Neither captopril nor enalapril significantly affected forearm skin blood flow. 4. This study showed that captopril and enalapril potentiated the effects of intradermal bradykinin both with respect to blood flow changes and weal formation in keeping with effective kininase II inhibition and the time course of these changes are consistent with enalapril being a longer acting drug than captopril. Captopril and enalapril exerted no influence on forearm skin blood flow measured by LDF.
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PMID:A comparison of the effects of captopril and enalapril on skin responses to intradermal bradykinin and skin blood flow in the human forearm. 844 72

Our pharmacologic armamentarium is expanding at a tremendous pace, and requires that we as clinicians maintain a certain level of knowledge of the drugs that we use, as well as their metabolism, and how they may function, both positively and negatively, in a given patient. Certain drugs, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, interfere with the natural deactivation of certain vasoactive substances normally present in the body. Since many of these systems are functionally interrelated (eg, angiotensin-converting enzyme and kininase II), we may see cutaneous side effects when these drugs are administered. Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that promoted a cutaneous eruption in a patient with renal failure secondary to diabetes. We suspect that our patient's vasculitis and maculopapular erythema is included in a large number of polymorphic eruptions that can be seen with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and review the operative pathogenetic mechanism. Many of these side effects are dose related, and can be controlled or eliminated by lowering the dosage of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, depending upon the clinical circumstances.
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PMID:Enalapril-associated erythema and vasculitis. 845 93

Although psoriasis has been recognized at least since Biblical times new forms, associations and influences continue to be described in the twentieth century. New forms include the rupioid erythema annulare centrifugum-like and follicular patterns. Associations with vitiligo bullous pemphigoid and lupus erythematosus have been recently described. Endoscopic surgery has increased para umbilical psoriasis while Sun Smart campaign have reduced photo-aggravated psoriasis. Infections such as paediatric perianal streptococcal cellulitis and drugs including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and cytokines exacerbate psoriasis.
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PMID:Psoriasis: changing clinical patterns. 871 7

It is suggested that Borrelia burgdorferi infection could be associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Stanek et al. were able to cultivate Borrelia burgdorferi from myocardial biopsy tissue of a patient with longstanding dilated cardiomyopathy. Here we present a study in which we examined the effect of standard antibiotic treatment on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection. In this study we assessed the serum (IgG, IgM Elisa) and history of 46 IDC patients with specific regard to Borrelia burgdorferi infection (mean LVEF 30.4 +/- 1.3%, measured by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography with the length-area-volume method). All 46 patients received standard treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy: ACE inhibitors, digitalis, and diuretics. Eleven (24%) patients showed positive serology and a history of Borrelia burgdorferi infection; nine of these also had a typical history of tick bite and erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) and/or other organ involvement, and two had no recollection of tick bite or ECM but showed other Borrelia burgdorferi-associated disorders (neuropathy, oligoarthritis). These 11 patients with Borrelia burgdorferi infection received standard antibiotic treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone 2 g bid for 14 days. Six (55%) recovered completely and showed a normal LVEF after 6 months, three (27%) improved their LVEF, and two (18%) did not improve at all. This amounts to nine (82%) patients with recovery/improvement in the Borrelia burgdorferi group. The 35 patients who did not show positive serology or a history of Borrelia burgdorferi infection did not receive antibiotic treatment. In this group without Borrelia burgdorferi infection 12 (26%), showed recovery/improvement following the standard treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy (see earlier). Our results indicate that Borrelia burgdorferi infection could play a decisive role in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy, especially in a geographical region such as Graz, where Borrelia burgdorferi is endemic. While we are aware of the small number of Borrelia burgdorferi patients in this study, we nevertheless conclude that in a remarkable number of patients with signs of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, dilated cardiomyopathy could be reversed and LVEF improved.
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PMID:Reversal of Borrelia burgdorferi associated dilated cardiomyopathy by antibiotic treatment? 887 79

We present 20 patients in whom drug therapy was associated with interstitial histiocytic infiltrates with variable degeneration of collagen and elastic fibers mimicking early lesions of granuloma annulare (GA). Most patients had a reproducible clinical presentation comprising erythematous-to-violaceous, nonpruritic plaques, often with an annular pattern, predominantly involving inner aspects of the arms, medial thighs and intertriginous areas. The most frequent clinical differential diagnoses included cutaneous T cell lymphoma, erythema annulare centrifigum (EAC), GA, and lupus erythematosus. A drug reaction was suspected in only 3 cases. The implicated drug classes included calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, lipid-lowering agents, antihistamines, anticonvulsants and antidepressants. Patients were often on two or more of these drugs; all have been associated with pseudolymphomatous infiltrates of the skin, the presumptive basis of which is iatrogenic pertubation of immune function. The defining histomorphology was diffuse infiltration of the interstitium by lymphocytes and histiocytes with piecemeal fragmentation of collagen and elastic fibers in concert with a vacuolar interface dermatitis. Ten cases showed intermediate and transformed lymphocytes with hyperchromatic convoluted nuclei disposed interstitially within the dermis or along the dermoepiderma junction with variable epidermotropism. In the 15 patients who discontinued the implicated drug, lesional resolution occurred. We propose the designations interstitial granulomatous drug reaction for this novel cutaneous reaction pattern.
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PMID:The interstitial granulomatous drug reaction: a distinctive clinical and pathological entity. 952 95


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