Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objectives of this study were to examine the clinical response, changes in ruminal bacterial microbiota, and inflammatory response in lamellar tissues during oligofructose-induced laminitis. Ten fistulated sheep were randomly assigned into a control group ( = 5) and a treatment group ( = 5). The treatment group was infused with oligofructose (21 g/kg BW) by rumen cannula, and the control group was sham-treated with saline. Results showed that all 5 sheep treated with oligofructose developed anorexia and diarrhea 8 to 12 h after the administration of oligofructose. By 12 to 24 h after treatment, the treatment group developed lameness and roach back. Compared with the control group, oligofructose administration decreased ( < 0.001) the rumen pH and concentrations of total VFA and increased ( < 0.001) the level of lactic acid in the rumen. Microbial data analysis revealed that oligofructose infusion increased the abundance of ( = 0.009) and ( = 0.008) and decreased the percentage of unclassified Christensenellaceae ( = 0.028), unclassified Ruminococcaceae ( = 0.009), ( = 0.016), unclassified Lachnospiraceae ( = 0.009), and ( = 0.009) compared with the control group. Oligofructose infusion decreased the ACE ( = 0.047) and Shannon ( = 0.009) indices compared with the control group. The histomorphology analysis revealed that oligofructose overload resulted in damage to the dermoepidermal junction in the lamellar tissue of sheep. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of membrane-type metalloproteinase-1 ( = 0.049) was downregulated whereas the expression of proinflammatory IL-6 ( = 0.004) and matrix metalloprotease-9 ( = 0.037) was upregulated in the lamellar tissues of the oligofructose treatment group. In general, the present study provides the foundation for a sheep model of oligofructose-overload-induced acute laminitis that could be used in later experiments. Our findings suggest that intraruminal infusion of oligofructose altered ruminal microbiota and resulted in acute laminitis and that the inflammatory damage to the lamellae tissue may be related to the upregulation of matrix metalloprotease-9. The information generated will provide more insight into the systemic effects of lameness caused by oligofructose overload in sheep.
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PMID:Intraruminal infusion of oligofructose alters ruminal microbiota and induces acute laminitis in sheep. 2929 94

The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV,-2 has continued to progress, and increasing information is becoming available about the incidence of digestive symptoms as well as abnormal liver-associated enzymes in patients who are infected. These are postulated to be related to the virus's use of ACE-2 receptors located on certain intestinal cells, cholangiocytes, and hepatocytes. This brief review summarizes the available limited data on digestive manifestations of COVID-19. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients can present initially with only digestive complaints. The most common digestive symptoms are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Liver-related transaminases are elevated in a substantial proportion of patients, although generally only mildly elevated. Currently there is no firm evidence to suggest that severity of digestive symptoms corresponds to severity of COVID-19 clinical course, however, more severe alterations in liver enzymes may correlate with worse clinical course. Given use of antiviral and antibacterial agents in sicker patients, drug-induced liver injury cannot be ruled out either in these cases. Although viral RNA can be detected in stool, it is unclear whether fecal-oral transmission can be achieved by the virus. As further data becomes available, our understanding of the digestive manifestations of COVID-19 will continue to evolve.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19. 3240 83

The COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging for the operating room staff and healthcare workers in emergency departments. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA beta-coronavirus that primarily targets the human respiratory system, with fever, cough, myalgia, and pneumonia as the most common manifestations. However, since SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool specimens much more attention has been paid to gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea. Furthermore, the expression of ACE-2 receptors in absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon suggests that these organs should also be considered as a potential high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. In this situation, the surgical staff is strongly recommended to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). A transparent plastic cube, the so-called "Aerosol Box" (AB), has been recently designed to lend further protection against droplets and aerosol exposure during the AGMP.
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PMID:Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment. 3244 34

The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in both low- and high-income countries. Although COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory illness, other systems including gastrointestinal (GI) system and liver may be involved because of the ubiquitous nature of ACE-2 receptors in various cell lines that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes to enter host cells. It appears that GI symptoms and liver enzyme abnormalities are common in COVID-19. The involvement of the GI tract and liver correlates with the severity of disease. A minority (10-20%) of patients with COVID-19 may also present initially with only GI complaints. The most common GI symptoms are anorexia, loss of smell, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Viral RNA can be detected in stool in up to 50% of patients, sometimes even after pharyngeal clearance, but it is unclear whether fecal-oral transmission occurs. Liver enzymes are elevated, usually mild (2-3 times), in a substantial proportion of patients. There are many confounding factors that could cause liver enzyme abnormalities including medications, sepsis, and hypoxia. Although infection rates in those with preexisting liver disease are similar to that of general population, once infected, patients with liver disease are more likely to have a more severe disease and a higher mortality. There is a paucity of objective data on the optimal preventive or management strategies, but few recommendations for GI physicians based on circumstantial evidence are discussed.
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PMID:What GI Physicians Need to Know During COVID-19 Pandemic. 3301 48


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