Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.15.1 (ACE)
 18,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The rat zona glomerulosa has a renin-angiotensin system that appears to function as an autocrine or paracrine system in the regulation of aldosterone production. To further investigate dynamic changes of production of renin and aldosterone in vitro we developed a primary monolayer culture of rat adrenal glomerulosa cells in serum-free medium. Collagenase-dispersed glomerulosa cells were incubated in PFMR-4 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum for 48 hours; the medium was then replaced with serum-free PFMR-4 medium. The cell viability and the aldosterone secretion were stable over the additional 48 hours in the serum-free control medium. After incubation for 24 hours in the serum-free medium, the cells were exposed to high K+ or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for another 24 hours. ACTH stimulated aldosterone secretion, and this increased secretion was associated with an increase in renin activity (cell active renin, from 15.56 +/- 0.71 to 45.75 +/- 5.69; cell inactive renin, from 0.67 +/- 0.54 to 8.75 +/- 3.40; medium inactive renin, from 5.58 +/- 1.16 to 106.20 +/- 14.01 pg angiotensin I (Ang I)/micrograms protein/3 hr). Aldosterone was also stimulated by high K+. This increase was also associated with an increase in active renin in the cells (from 15.08 +/- 1.80 to 23.26 +/- 2.15 pg Ang I/micrograms protein/3 hr) and an increase in inactive renin in the medium (from 10.87 +/- 1.62 to 21.37 +/- 3.20 pg Ang I/micrograms protein/3 hr). Addition of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril attenuated both ACTH- and high K(+)-stimulated aldosterone secretion significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Role of the adrenal renin-angiotensin system on adrenocorticotropic hormone- and potassium-stimulated aldosterone production by rat adrenal glomerulosa cells in monolayer culture. 217 21

Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia causes profound haemodynamic changes, commonly ascribed to catecholamine increase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on non-adrenergic factors potentially involved in haemodynamic regulation: angiotensin II and alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. Fourteen healthy male subjects, aged 25.5 +/- 0.74 years, body mass index 23.81 +/- 0.68 kg/m2, received (after an overnight fast and at least 60 min rest in a supine position) an i.v. bolus injection of human regular insulin (Actrapid HM, Novo, Bagsvaerd, Denmark: 3.84 U/m2). Serial venous blood samples were drawn in the following 150 min, to measure plasma glucose, angiotensin II, alpha-human natriuretic polypeptide, and factors potentially involved in the regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. During the study, we observed a plasma glucose fall, reaching a nadir of 1.95 +/- 0.11 mmol/l between 25 and 30 min, and an increase of angiotensin II (from 7.6 +/- 0.8 to 13.5 +/- 1.1 pg/ml, p = 0.01, quadratic model evaluated by an analysis of the variance for repeated measures), whereas atrial natriuretic polypeptide remained unchanged. As far as the regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is concerned, the increase of angiotensin II is attributable to the increased plasma renin activity, whereas angiotensin converting enzyme was not modified. The increase of plasma renin activity, in turn, is attributable both to the increased catecholamine concentrations and to the decreased potassium levels. Both adrenocorticotropic hormone and angiotensin II are potentially involved in the hypoglycaemia-induced increase of aldosterone concentrations.
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PMID:Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia increases plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and does not modify atrial natriuretic polypeptide secretion in man. 285 87

Angiotensin converting enzyme plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure and inhibitors of the enzyme are effective antihypertensive agents. An association between hypertension and alcohol abuse has long been recognized and manipulations of the renin-angiotensin system in laboratory animals has been shown to alter their consumption of ethanol. Procedures that decrease the renin-angiotensin system increase ethanol consumption. Paradoxically, inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme also diminish drinking. Several possible explanations for this observation have been proposed. However, observations on the relationship between stress-induced drinking and the antidipsogenic action of a fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone suggest another possibility: angiotensin converting enzyme may be involved in the metabolism of this peptide and thereby exert an influence on drinking behavior.
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PMID:Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and alcohol abuse. 803 63

A 70-year-old obese, hypertensive woman taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and chlorthalidone but with no history of corticosteroid treatment or hypothalamus-hypophyseal-adrenal disease, underwent nephrectomy and adrenalectomy under combined general and epidural anesthesia. Severe hypotension with oliguria developed during surgery and persisted during postoperative recovery, with anuria, metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia. Although the symptoms were initially attributed to prior treatment with ACE inhibitors and diuretics together with combined anesthesia, the patient's lack of response to crystalloid, colloid and inotropic catecholamine therapy in the context of anuria, metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia led us to consider a diagnosis of Addisonian crisis. Blood samples were taken to determine adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, and hydrocortisone treatment was started. The patient responded to treatment and cortisol levels fell, confirming the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Compensatory endrocrine secretion of cortisol by the contralateral adrenal gland has been observed in patients undergoing nephrectomy and adrenalectomy for excision of a hypernephroma, and replacement therapy is therefore not recommended. Perioperative Addisonian crises have also been described in patients suffering great surgical stress, and severe hypotension has been observed in patients on long-term treatment with ACE inhibitors after induction of general anesthesia and after epidural anesthesia with local anesthetics. The combination of these factors made rapid diagnosis and start of appropriate therapy difficult.
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PMID:[Severe perioperative hypotension after nephrectomy with adrenalectomy]. 1460 83

Crow-Fukase syndrome is a disease of plasma cell dyscrasia. Congestive heart failure is the biggest complication affecting the prognosis. A 57-year-old male was admitted with edema and low grade fever. Globe and stocking type polyneuropathy, increased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone, serum M-protein component of the immunoglobulin A-lambda type, skin polypoid lesion, and organomegaly including cardiomegaly were observed. The diagnosis was Crow-Fukase syndrome based on these clinical features. High output heart failure and pulmonary hypertension were determined with a cardiac catheter. Diuretics and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor were effective to control his overhydration. The level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was markedly increased and might be responsible for the manifestation of this syndrome with cardiac involvement.
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PMID:[Highly concentrated vascular endothelial growth factor in Crow-Fukase syndrome with high output heart failure: a case report]. 1576 10

Plant cathepsin B-like cysteine protease (CBCP) plays a role in disease resistance and in protein remobilization during germination. The ability of animal cathepsin B to function as a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase has been attributed to the presence of a dihistidine (His110-His111) motif in the occluding loop, which represents a unique structure of cathepsin B. However, a dihistidine motif is not present in the predicted sequence of the occluding loop of plant CBCP, as determined from cDNA sequence analysis, and the loop is shorter. In an effort to investigate the enzymatic properties of plant CBCP, which possesses the unusual occluding loop, we have purified CBCP from the cotyledons of daikon radish (Raphanus sativus) by chromatography through Sephacryl S-200, DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite and organomercurial-Sepharose. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 28 kDa by SDS/PAGE under reducing conditions. The best synthetic substrate for CBCP was t-butyloxycarbonyl Leu-Arg-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl 7-amide, as is the case with human cathepsin B. However, the endopeptidase activity of CBCP towards glucagon and adrenocorticotropic hormone showed broad cleavage specificity. Human cathepsin B preferentially cleaves model peptides via its dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity, whereas daikon CBCP displays both endopeptidase and exopeptidase activities. In addition, CBCP was found to display carboxymonopeptidase activity against the substrate o-aminobenzoyl-Phe-Arg-Phe(4-NO(2)). Daikon CBCP is less sensitive (1/7000) to CA-074 than human cathepsin B. Expression analysis of CBCP at the protein and RNA levels indicated that daikon CBCP activity in cotyledons is regulated by post-transcriptional events during germination.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of cathepsin B-like cysteine protease from cotyledons of daikon radish, Raphanus sativus. 1895 67

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the IL-6 family that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and promotes corticotrope cell differentiation during development. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of LIF and its receptor (LIFR) in the canine pituitary gland and in corticotrope adenomas, and to perform a mutation analysis of LIFR. Using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative expression analysis, LIF and LIFR expression were studied in pituitary glands of control dogs and in specimens of corticotrope adenoma tissue collected through hypophysectomy in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH, Cushing's disease). Using sequence analysis, cDNA was screened for mutations in the LIFR. In the control pituitary tissues and corticotrope adenomas, there was a low magnitude of LIF expression. The LIFR, however, was highly expressed and co-localized with ACTH(1-24) expression. Cytoplasmatic immunoreactivity of LIFR was preserved in corticotrope adenomas and adjacent nontumorous cells of pars intermedia. No mutation was found on mutation analysis of the complete LIFR cDNA. Surprisingly, nuclear to perinuclear immunoreactivity for LIFR was present in nontumorous pituitary cells of the pars distalis in 10 of 12 tissue specimens from PDH dogs. These data show that LIFR is highly co-expressed with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in the canine pituitary gland and in corticotrope adenomas. Nuclear immunoreactivity for LIFR in nontumorous cells of the pars distalis may indicate the presence of a corticotrope adenoma.
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PMID:Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor in the canine pituitary gland and corticotrope adenomas. 2003 83