Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.11.18 (MAP)
 7,412 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two major acute phase alpha 1-protein (alpha 1-MAP, also called thiostatin) genes, one kininogen gene and one structurally related pseudogene, were isolated from a Buffalo rat genomic library and characterized. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence in the 5' proximal flanking region (1 kilobase) of a strongly inducible alpha 1-MAP gene with that in the non-inducible rat kininogen gene showed an overall homology of 90%, with a small number of randomly distributed base changes. In the intron downstream of the exon coding for Ile-Ser-bradykinin, the two alpha 1-MAP genes contained sequence sections similar to the section in the human kininogen gene which codes for the carboxyl-terminal chain of high molecular weight kininogen. Various features of the DNA related to gene expression such as initiation and termination sites of transcription, receptor binding sites, a Z-DNA section, and exon/intron splicing sites were identified. mRNAs expressed by alpha 1-MAP and kininogen genes in liver were studied by RNA blot hybridization using specific oligonucleotide probes. The kininogen gene expressed two mRNA species, one coding for high molecular weight kininogen, the other coding for low molecular weight kininogen. The levels of the two kininogen mRNAs in liver did not increase during acute inflammation. Only one type of mRNA, similar in size to low molecular weight kininogen RNA, was expressed by each of the two alpha 1-MAP genes. The levels of both alpha 1-MAP mRNAs increased strongly during acute inflammation.
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PMID:Structure and expression of the genes for major acute phase alpha 1-protein (thiostatin) and kininogen in the rat. 243 9

Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs) play a central role in a variety of signaling pathways. We recently described a novel murine MKP, M3/6, which is uniquely specific for c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase and p38 kinase. Here we report the localization of the human orthologue of this gene, HB5, to within 150 kb of H19 on human chromosome 11p15.5. The gene consists of six exons. Two of the introns in HB5 are not found in other genes of this family, suggesting an evolutionary split between MKPs displaying specificity toward different MAP kinases. An intronless pseudogene is present on chromosome 10q11.2. Although 11p15.5 is an imprinted region, HB5 is almost entirely unmethylated on both alleles in lymphocytes. Chromosome 11p15 has been implicated in the development of a number of tumor types, including lung, a tissue known to express this gene. Loss of heterozygosity was found in one of eight informative lung tumors studied.
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PMID:Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of a member of the MAP kinase phosphatase gene family to human chromosome 11p15.5 and a pseudogene to 10q11.2. 919 49

Serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) possesses characteristics distinct from the other serum amyloid A isoforms, SAA1, SAA2, and SAA4. High density lipoprotein contains the latter three isoforms, but not SAA3. The expression of mouse SAA3 (mSAA3) is known to be up-regulated extrahepatically in inflammatory responses, and acts as an endogenous ligand for the toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex. We previously reported that mSAA3 plays an important role in facilitating tumor metastasis by attracting circulating tumor cells and enhancing hyperpermeability in the lungs. On the other hand, human SAA3 (hSAA3) has long been regarded as a pseudogene, which is in contrast to the abundant expression levels of the other isoforms. Although the nucleotide sequence of hSAA3 is very similar to that of the other SAAs, a single oligonucleotide insertion in exon 2 causes a frame-shift to generate a unique amino acid sequence. In the present study, we identified that hSAA3 was transcribed in the hSAA2-SAA3 fusion transcripts of several human cell lines. In the fusion transcript, hSAA2 exon 3 was connected to hSAA3 exon 1 or hSAA3 exon 2, located approximately 130kb downstream from hSAA2 exon 3 in the genome, which suggested that it is produced by alternative splicing. Furthermore, we succeeded in detecting and isolating hSAA3 protein for the first time by an immunoprecipitation-enzyme linked immune assay system using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that recognize the hSAA3 unique amino acid sequence. We also demonstrated that hSAA3 bound oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor (oxLDL receptor, LOX-1) and elevated the phosphorylation of ERK, the intracellular MAP-kinase signaling protein.
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PMID:Human serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) protein, expressed as a fusion protein with SAA2, binds the oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor. 2573 27