Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.11.18 (MAP)
 7,412 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Specific binding sites for the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase (RII) were revealed in neurons by an immunohistochemical approach. Fixed frozen sections of several regions of the rat central nervous system were incubated in the presence of bovine RII. Bound bovine RII was subsequently detected by an immunofluorescence procedure using antibodies that recognize bovine but not rat RII. The results indicate that RII binds with high affinity to neurons. Binding is prominent in dendrites and almost undetectable in axons and axon terminals. The morphological distribution of the RII binding sites is almost identical to that of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP 2) immunoreactivity. Preadsorption of RII with a MAP preparation highly enriched in MAP 2 completely abolished binding of RII to tissue sections, suggesting that the binding is mediated by MAP 2. Our results indicate that frozen sections of fixed tissues are a suitable experimental system for study of specific interactions of cellular macromolecules at a morphological level.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982 Sep
PMID:Frozen tissue sections as an experimental system to reveal specific binding sites for the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase in neurons. 629 Oct 51

This study demonstrates that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves pulmonary function after smoke inhalation by dogs. Sixteen dogs were anesthetized with iv sodium pentobarbital. Arterial and mixed venous blood gas tensions; carboxyhemoglobin concentration (COHgb); mean systemic arterial (MAP), mean pulmonary arterial (MPAP), and pulmonary arterial wedge (WP) pressures; heart (HR) and respiratory (f) rates; cardiac output (CO); and airway pressure (Paw) were measured. Intrapulmonary physiologic shunt (Qsp/Qt) and pulmonary (PVR) and systemic (SVR) vascular resistances were calculated. The animals then breathed an aerosol of smoke and were divided randomly into 2 groups. The treatment group breathed spontaneously on 8-torr CPAP whereas the control group continued to breathe spontaneously at ambient pressure. After inhalation of smoke, Qsp/Qt, MPAP, PVR, COHgb, HR, and f rose, whereas PaO2 and MAP fell in untreated animals. When CPAP was applied, PaO2 and Qsp/Qt returned nearly to baseline values. Mean f also was significantly lower in the treated animals. We found that the early institution of CPAP improves oxygen exchange in the lungs after the inhalation of smoke.
Crit Care Med 1983 Sep
PMID:Continuous positive airway pressure is beneficial in treatment of smoke inhalation. 634 36

We evaluated 2-chloroprocaine, three per cent, in 44 women having epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section. All subjects received a minimum dose of 25 ml (750 mg) in increments designed to allow early recognition of accidental subarachnoid or intravascular injection. Further increments were given as needed to achieve a T5 sensory level or higher. We recorded pulse and blood pressure at two-minute intervals and used a simple pain scale to assess analgesia. Ninety-three per cent of subjects had acceptable analgesia. Seventeen mothers required more than 25 ml to attain a T5 level; subjects having a BMI (body mass index) equal to or greater than 35, or over 35 years of age, demonstrated more cephalad spread. Hypotension (MAP 80 per cent of control or less) occurred in 24, mothers (54 per cent), often transiently, but an infused fluid volume exceeding 30 ml X kg-1 at delivery significantly reduced post-delivery hypotension. Nausea and vomiting accompanied the hypotension in 12 mothers. No neonatal depression occurred. We conclude the incremental administration of chloroprocaine, as described, permits safe administration of the drug, with excellent analgesia in most parturients.
Can Anaesth Soc J 1984 Sep
PMID:Three per cent 2-chloroprocaine for caesarean section: appraisal of a standardized dose technique. 649 71

The contribution of the sympathetic nervous system in the definition of various electrophysiological variables was studied in chemically sympathectomised dogs. Chemical sympathectomy was obtained following intravenous injection of 50 mg X kg-1 of 6-hydroxydopamine. Sympathectomised dogs presented significant increases in: basic sinus period, sino-atrial conduction time (SACT), AH and HV intervals of the His bundle electrogram, atrial functional (AFRP) and effective (AERP) refractory periods, atrio-ventricular node functional (AVNFRP) and effective (AVNERP) refractory periods, ventricular functional (VFRP) and effective (EVRP) refractory periods and atrial (AMAP) and ventricular (VMAP) monophasic action potential durations. Corrected sinus recovery time (CSRT) was not affected by chemical sympathectomy. Neither was the atrial ERP/MAP duration ratio. This new form of sympathectomy affects all the levels of the cardiac conduction system. Such results are in accordance with those obtained with surgical sympathectomy or the use of beta-blocking agents.
Cardiovasc Res 1982 Sep
PMID:Electrophysiology of the chemically sympathectomised dog. 681 69

In order to elucidate the possible mechanism(s) by which opiates may affect cerebral and spinal circulation, and cerebral metabolism, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) were measured simultaneously following intravenous or subarachnoid administration of morphine in dogs lightly anesthetized with halothane. The mean values of CBF and SCBF, using hydrogen clearance methods, were 52.3 +/- 14.7 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1 (mean +/- 1 SD) and 22.3 +/- 9.0 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1, respectively. Morphine hydrochloride, 1 mg/kg, when given intravenously, reduced both CBF and SCBF to approximately 73% of the control values (P less than 0.01). These changes were accompanied by decreases in the cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen (CMRO2) and glucose (CMRglucose). The circulatory effects and, in part, the metabolic effects, were reversed by naloxone 40 microgram/kg iv. Prior administration of naloxone blocked the morphine effects on CBF and SCBF and suppressed the effects on CMRO2 and CMRglucose. The decreases in blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were similar following morphine iv with or without prior administration of naloxone. However, when 0.2 mg morphine was injected into the spinal subarachnoid space, the above variables remained unaffected. Neither naloxone alone, nor its subsequent intravenous administration following spinal morphine, affected cerebral and spinal circulatory or cerebral metabolic indices. These results indicate that intravenous morphine affects both cerebral and spinal cord blood flow via the opiate receptors at supraspinal sites of action.
Anesthesiology 1983 Sep
PMID:Effects of intravenous or subarachnoid morphine on cerebral and spinal cord hemodynamics and antagonism with naloxone in dogs. 688 80

We compared simultaneous measurement of aortic, direct (Dir) and of indirect (Ind) systolic (S), mean (M) and diastolic (D) arterial pressure (AP) determined by an automatic oscillometric instrument (DINAMAP) in neonates with birthweight of 1000-3680 g. DINAMAP measurements were performed with cuffs of increasing width and length, recommended by the manufacturer for increasing arm circumference, and with a Standard sized cuff (2.5 X 15 cm), previously considered as suitable for neonates of any body size. In addition, we compared simultaneous measurements of Dir SAP and of Ind SAP determined by a Doppler technique and the Standard cuff. In DINAMAP SAP measurements with the Standard cuff, a statistically significant correlation between arm circumference and delta Ind-Dir SAP values (i.e. the difference between simultaneous Ind and Dir SAP measurements) was found. In DINAMAP MAP measurements with the cuff recommended for arm circumference, a statistically significant difference of the mean delta Ind-Dir MAP values was observed in infants whose arm was or was not completely encircled by the bladder of the cuff. In SAP as well as in MAP DINAMAP determinations, the overall error of measurement with the Standard cuff was smaller than with the recommended cuff. The Doppler method was found considerably more accurate than the DINAMAP method for the determination of SAP. In spite of these limitations, the DINAMAP method with the Standard cuff was considered to be reasonably accurate for the clinical determination of SAP and MAP, provided that several consecutive measurements are performed and averaged in order to minimize the error of measurement. When considering DAP measurements the error was so unacceptably high that the DINAMAP method cannot be recommended for clinical use. The need for a careful consideration of the cuff characteristics when evaluating new methods for the indirect measurement of AP in the neonate is emphasized.
Acta Paediatr Scand 1982 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of an automatic oscillometric method and of various cuffs for the measurement of arterial pressure in the neonate. 718 Apr 48

Since dietary salt loading enhances nitric oxide (NO) generation in the kidney, we investigated the hypothesis that changes in salt intake have specific effects on vascular resistance in the kidney mediated by the L-arginine-NO pathway. We contrasted changes in renal and hindquarter vascular resistances (RVR and HQVR) in anesthetized rats during intravenous infusions of graded doses of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Groups (N = 8 to 10) of rats were maintained on a high salt (HS) or low salt (LS) diet for two weeks. Compared to those on LS, rats on HS had a greater increase in mean arterial pressure (delta MAP; +32 +/- 4 vs. +22 +/- 3%; P = 0.05) and RVR (+160 +/- 17 vs. +83 +/- 10%; P < 0.005) and a greater fall in renal blood flow (delta RBF; -47 +/- 3 vs. -32 +/- 4%; P < 0.01); changes in HQVR were similar in the two groups. The enhanced RVR response to L-NAME in HS rats could not be ascribed to the higher renal perfusion pressure (RPP) since it persisted in rats whose RPP was controlled by adjustment of a suprarenal aortic clamp. Changes in RVR with an NO donor (SIN-1) were similar in HS and LS rats. L-NAME reduced plasma renin activity in both HS and LS rats. After inhibition of ACE with captopril, or of angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptor with losartan, the increase in RVR with L-NAME remained greater in HS than LS rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kidney Int 1994 Sep
PMID:Renal vasoconstriction during inhibition of NO synthase: effects of dietary salt. 752 72

The effects of single oral doses of lisinopril (5 and 20 mg) on systemic and regional hemodynamics were investigated noninvasively in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, cross-over study of 6 healthy male volunteers. Lisinopril induced a dose-dependent (significant after 20 mg) and long-lasting (< or = 8 h) decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP, approximately 11% after 20 mg) that was related to a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR), because simultaneously heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) were unchanged. Brachial artery flow (+42 and +47% after 5 and 20 mg, respectively) and diameter (+8 and +9%) increased significantly, whereas brachial vascular resistance (-31 and -38%) decreased significantly from 2 to 8 h after drug intake. Common carotid artery flow (+20 and +24%) also increased significantly, whereas corresponding resistance (-18 and -26%) decreased significantly during the same period. Finally, CO was significantly redistributed toward the brachial and, to a lesser extent, the carotid vascular beds after both doses of lisinopril. We conclude that in healthy subjects lisinopril, at non- or slightly hypotensive doses, dilates both arterioles and large arteries and that this vasodilation is not homogeneous, affecting preferentially the brachial rather than the carotid vascular bed.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994 Sep
PMID:Noninvasive assessment of regional arteriolar and arterial dilating properties of lisinopril in healthy volunteers. 752 7

A major acute phase protein (pig-MAP) has been isolated from the sera of pigs after turpentine injection. The protein is the pig counterpart of a recently cloned human serum protein denominated PK-120, which is a putative substrate for kallikrein [Nishimura et al., 1995 FEBS Lett. 357, 207-211]. The protein exists in other mammalian species and it is also an acute phase protein, at least in the rat. Pig-MAP shows homology, as PK-120, with the heavy chain 2 (HC-2) of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor superfamily but does not possess trypsin inhibitory activity.
FEBS Lett 1995 Sep 11
PMID:The major acute phase serum protein in pigs is homologous to human plasma kallikrein sensitive PK-120. 755 97

We describe here a new gene acting downstream of let-60 ras in the vulval signaling pathway of Caenorhabditis elegans. The sur-2 (suppressor of ras) gene is defined by eight mutations identified in a genetic screen for suppressors of the Multivulva phenotype of let-60(n1046), an activated let-60 ras mutation. sur-2 mutations result in pleiotropic, incompletely penetrant phenotypes that include a Vulvaless phenotype in hermaphrodites, defects in development of the male tail, gonadal abnormalities, and larval lethality, indicating a role for the sur-2 gene product in multiple developmental events. Genetic epistasis analyses suggest that sur-2 is required late in the vulval signaling pathway, downstream of let-60 Ras, and is likely to act downstream of the Raf/MAP Kinase cascade. We cloned the sur-2 gene by DNA-mediated transformation and have shown that it encodes a novel protein. We also show that a sur-2::lacZ transgene is expressed in the vulval precursor cells at the time of vulval determination.
Genes Dev 1995 Sep 15
PMID:sur-2, a novel gene, functions late in the let-60 ras-mediated signaling pathway during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval induction. 755 79


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