Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.11.18 (MAP)
 7,412 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular responses have been studied in baboons, after total exchange transfusion with hemoglobin solutions having various P50 values. At the end of the exchange transfusion, the hematocrit was 1.5%, the mean hemoglobin concentration was 4.4 g/dl, and the P50 varied between 12 and 26 mm Hg. Cardiac output did not change during the study, although heart rate increased, and stroke volume and MAP decreased. Hemoglobin concentration, per se, does not appear to be the critical stimulus for an increase in cardiac output with hemoglobin solution. In addition, the position of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve does not appear to influence these hemodynamic responses. The physiological response to anemia in the presence of hemoglobin solution appears different from that observed in the absence of plasma O2 carriers.
Crit Care Med 1979 Sep
PMID:Cardiac output response to extreme hemodilution with hemoglobin solutions of various P50 values. 11 94

Five chronic hemodialysis patients with persistent hypotension during dialysis (MAP: 74.2 +/- 3.1 mm Hg) were given a number of standard tests of autonomic nervous system function and compared with eight normotensive hemodialysis patients (MAP: 96.4 +/- 3.4 mm Hg). Tests of efferent sympathetic nerves were normal in both groups, as were plasma catecholamine levels and the cold pressor test. The response to Valsalva maneuver and the venoconstriction reflex were generally abnormal and did not differentiate between the two groups. When adjusted for age and MAP, the baroreceptor slope to a high-pressure stimulus was diminished only in the hypotensive subjects. This result reinforces the previously described finding that many uremic patients do not develop a normal cardioacceleration during hypotension. Although reduced baroreceptor sensitivity may be a factor in the chronic hypotension of some hemodialysis patients, autonomic dysfunction alone is not a sufficient explanation of this phenomenon.
J Lab Clin Med 1979 Sep
PMID:Hemodialysis hypotension is not the result of uremic peripheral autonomic neuropathy. 22 21

The effect of alphaxalon + alphadolon-acetate on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP), mean arterial blood pressure (MPA), heart rate (BMP) and blood gases was investigated in 18 patients. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated from the difference MAP minus CSFP. Alphaxalon + alphadolon-acetate lowered the normal CSFP and normalized ketamin induced increase of CSFP. Premedication with alphaxalon + alphadolon-acetate delayed the ketamin induced increase of CSFP, which returned to norm after a second dose of alphaxalon + alphadolon-acetate. This effect was seen despite elevation of pCO2 in all patients breathing spontaneously.
Wien Med Wochenschr 1979 Sep 30
PMID:[Cerebrospinal fluid pressure studies after the intravenous administration of the steroid narcotic, alphaxolone + alphadolone acetate (Althesin)]. 39 62

1 The kinetics of clonidine and its relation to the blood pressure response after single intravenous doses of 75 micrograms--275 micrograms in hypertensive patients were determined. 2 Clonidine disposition could be described by a two compartment open model and pharmacokinetic parameters show a rapid distribution phase of 20--30 min and a mean plasma clearance of 4.6 ml min-1 kg-1 (75--200 microgram). The half-life of the beta-phase was found to be in the range of 7.4--11.4 h. Indications of dose dependent kinetics were obtained. 3 A dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure was obtained. 4 The maximal reduction in MAP (mean arterial blood pressure) was significantly (P less than 0.01) related to plasma concentrations of clonidine. 5 The reduction in MAP was always related to plasma concentrations of clonidine (r = 0.88, P less than 0.01) when pseudoequilibrium of distribution of the drug was achieved.
Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978 Sep
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of clonidine and its relation to the hypotensive effect in patients. 68 1

The AVCO balloon pump (model 7) was used on 13 patients with cardiogenic shock and for circulatory support after open-heart surgery. Twelve patients survived, but one patient died of a cerebral embolism which had occurred before the use of the balloon pump. Mean systemic arterial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure and heart rate were measured in all patients, while cardiac index and arterio-venous oxygen difference were measured in seven. Average duration of counterpulsation was four days. Vasopressor treatment was reduced or discontinued in all patients, urinary output increased markedly and the clinical state improved. Although systolic pressure did not change significantly, MAP increased significantly by 25 mm Hg (P less than 0.005), with a mean diastolic pressure increase to 104 mm Hg. The pulmonary artery pressure, the pulmonary wedge pressure and the mean pulse rate all decreased significantly by 25 mm Hg, 16 mm Hg and 24 beats/min, respectively. A fall in arterio-venous oxygen difference of 2.6 ml/100 ml (P less than 0.025) was associated with a significant increase in cardiac index by 0.62 l/min-m2 (P less than 0.025). It is concluded from these results that intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation may be an effective means of providing circulatory support in cardiogenic shock and after open-heart surgery.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1975 Sep 26
PMID:[Clinical and haemodynamic results with intra-aortic counterpulsation (author's transl)]. 115 5

The goal of this study was to extend our knowledge of MAP2 localization in the peripheral nervous system of mammals, since most results on MAP2 distribution are obtained in the central nervous system (CNS). This study shows the presence of microtubule-associated protein 2b (MAP2b) and MAP2c in the inner ear and describes the immunocytochemical distribution of MAP in adult and developing spiral ganglion of the rat by using a well-characterized antibody for MAP2a and MAP2b. (This antibody does not recognize the immature MAP2c). MAP2 labeling is already present in spiral ganglion neurons at 16 days of gestation. From this stage and up to the first postnatal week, MAP2 labeling was strong in all spiral ganglion neurons and their central processes. Double immunostaining at the 16-day stage with anti-MAP2 and anti-neurofilament (NF) antibodies mainly showed NF labeling in central branches that corresponded to anatomically and functionally described axons of spiral neurons. The peripheral branches lacked MAP2 labeling. In neonatal and postnatal stages, MAP2 reactivity was located in spiral ganglion perikarya and their neurites. The intensity of adult labeling was, however, lower than in younger animals. The antibody used in this study did not label axons originating in the CNS as seen by a negative response in efferent fibers from the intraganglionic spiral bundle of the cochlea. Our results suggest that during ontogenesis, MAP2 is highly expressed in the central projection of spiral ganglion neurons, and then is reduced to lower quantities in the central branch after the first postnatal week and persists into adulthood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Comp Neurol 1992 Sep 15
PMID:Developmental differentiation of MAP2 expression in the central versus the peripheral and efferent projections of the inner ear. 128 Nov 71

The pulsatility index (PI) of blood flow velocities has been reported to vary with changes in peripheral vascular resistance. Since blood flow velocities can easily be detected with the Echo-Color-Doppler technique in interlobar arteries of normally positioned kidneys, we tried in six healthy volunteers to estimate pharmacological induced variations in renal plasma flow (RPF) and renovascular resistance (RVR) by means of PI measurements. In this study no significant correlation between the absolute values of PI and RVR was found. In order to correct PI for different blood pressure-inputs to the renal artery, PI was divided by the pulsatility of the systemic arterial pressure, i.e. the 'blood pressure index' [BPI = (SAD-DAP)/MAP)], resulting in the 'velocity blood-pressure index' (VBI = PI/BPI), which was significantly correlated with RVR (r = 0.54, P less than 0.01). The pharmacological induced changes of RPF and RVR (delta RPF, delta RVR) were also correlated to the respective changes of PI and VBI (delta PI, delta VBI), with the highest significance when delta VBI was plotted against delta RVR (r = 0.83, P less than 0.0001). VBI, i.e. the pulsatility index of blood flow velocities as corrected for the pulsatility of the driving force, may be a tool for noninvasive assessment of changes in RVR and thereby of importance for the diagnosis and follow-up of renovascular diseases.
Eur J Clin Invest 1992 Sep
PMID:Experimental variations in renovascular resistance in normal man as detected by means of ultrasound. 133 63

Stimulation of hemopoietic cells with IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF and Steel factor-(SLF) induced tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of protein substrates. Two of these proteins, designated p42 and p44, were tyrosine phosphorylated rapidly in response to treatment with IL-3, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF and SLF, but not IL-4. We demonstrate that these common substrates are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) family of protein serine/threonine kinases. Ion-exchange chromatography yielded a peak of MAP kinase activity eluting at 0.3 to 0.32 M NaCl. Immunoblotting of column fractions with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies showed coelution of the peak of MAP kinase enzyme activity with the p42 and p44 tyrosine phosphorylated species, and with two proteins of 42 and 44 kDa which were immunoreactive with anti-MAP kinase antibodies. Moreover, a characteristic shift in mobility of the p42 and p44 species was observed after factor treatment. Time-course analyses and subsequent ion-exchange chromatography demonstrated SLF activation of MAP kinase activity was maximal after 2 min of factor treatment and decreased to basal levels after 30 min stimulation. By contrast, activation of MAP kinase after IL-5 treatment was not as rapid. Maximal activity was observed 15 min after stimulation and remained elevated for up to 60 min after IL-5 addition. Investigation of the role of protein kinase C in the mechanism of activation by these growth factors demonstrated that specific inhibition of protein kinase C led to a reduction, but not ablation, of the SLF and IL-3 induced stimulation of MAP kinase activity. The use of synthetic peptide substrates confirmed SLF and IL-5 activate isoforms of MAP kinases. These results demonstrate that members of the MAP kinase family are involved in common signal transduction events elicited by IL-3, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF and Steel factor, but not those involving IL-4.
J Immunol 1992 Sep 01
PMID:Multiple hemopoietic growth factors stimulate activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase family members. 138 May 36

To determine whether endurance exercise trained (ET) subjects would experience greater reductions in peak oxygen delivery and orthostatic tolerance (OT) than untrained (UT) subjects, both peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) during upright bicycle ergometry and tolerance time during 70 degrees head-up tilt (HUT) were compared within and between groups before and after 4 h of -6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT). Eight ET subjects with a mean VO2peak of 61.7 +/- 1.6 ml.kg-1.min-1 were matched for age, height, and weight with eight UT subjects (VO2peak = 38.4 +/- 1.7 ml.kg-1.min-1). Following HDT, decreases in plasma volume (PV) were larger for ET subjects (-3.7 +/- 0.5 ml.kg-1) than for UT subjects (-2.3 +/- 0.3 ml.kg-1), P less than 0.03. Reductions in VO2peak for ET subjects (-5.4 +/- 1.1 ml.kg-1.min-1) were also greater than for UT subjects (-2.4 +/- 0.8 ml.kg-1.min-1), P less than 0.05. The ET (N = 6) subjects also had a significant decrease in OT time (-13.0 +/- 4.2 min) during post-HDT HUT, which was not observed for the UT group (N = 6). A significant inverse correlation was found pre-HDT VO2peak and the change in OT time, r = -0.74, P less than 0.01. The decrease in OT was also significantly correlated to the PV decrease, r = 0.59, P less than 0.04. The UT subjects had significantly augmented pressor responses to HUT manifested by the increases in both HR and MAP following HDT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992 Sep
PMID:Aerobic fitness: II. Orthostasis and VO2peak following head-down tilt. 140 1

This study is a cross sectional analysis using measurement of the relative amount of fat on the right upper arm by means of the near infra-red method (NIR) and computerised calculation of the percent body fat by the use of the Futrex 5000. The total sample consisted of 1,988 subjects (942 women and 1,046 men) in the two age groups 40-42 years (n = 1,180) and 65-67 years (n = 808). Average percentage of relative fat in the total sample was 26.7, average percentage of body fat was 26.5 and average Body Mass Index, BMI (kg/m2) was 24.4. The percentage of fat and the BMI would both appear to increase with age and be higher in non-smokers. The BMI was higher in men, while the percentage of body fat was higher in women. A relatively weak correlation was found between the relative amount of fat and the BMI (0.4 < or = r < or = 0.57) but there was a relatively strong correlation between the percentage of fat and the BMI (0.72 < or = r < or = 0.88). The correlation with total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP) and susceptibility to cardiac infarction (calculated estimated units) was similar for both the percentage of fat and the BMI. All correlations were positive, but with a relatively low r (0.05 < or = r < or = 0.39). The interaction between the percentage of body fat and the BMI would appear to be independent of age and sex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1992 Sep 20
PMID:[Percentage of body fat and risk factors of coronary heart disease]. 141 22


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