Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.11.18 (MAP)
 7,412 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glutathione (GSH) content in mature porcine oocytes is correlated with subsequent fertilization and developmental success. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important energy source for maintaining cellular activities and protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to compare GSH and ATP concentrations of in vivo and in vitro matured porcine oocytes. Ovulated, in vivo matured oocytes were frozen at -80 degrees C in groups of 10-20 (GSH) or 5-10 (ATP). In vitro oocytes were matured in either tissue culture medium-199 (TCM199) supplemented with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or hyaluronic acid (MAP5), or North Carolina State University-23 (NCSU23) supplemented with porcine follicular fluid (pFF) and frozen as described, or fertilized and cultured. GSH content was determined by the dithionitrobenzoic acid-glutathione disulfide (DTNB-GSSG) reductase recycling assay. ATP content was determined by using the Bioluminescent Somatic Cell Assay Kit. Oocytes matured in vitro in defined TCM199 with PVA or hyaluronic acid, or NCSU23 with pFF had significantly lower concentrations (P < 0.05) of GSH (n = 207, 9.82 +/- 0.71 pmol/oocyte; n = 104, 9.73 +/- 0.81 pmol/oocyte; n = 108, 7.89 +/- 0.66 pmol/oocyte, respectively) compared to in vivo matured oocytes (n = 217, 36.26 +/- 11.00 pmol/oocyte). Concentrations of ATP were not different between treatments (in vivo, n = 70, 0.97 +/- 0.07 pmol/oocyte; TCM-PVA, n = 117, 0.81 +/- 0.13 pmol/oocyte; TCM-MAP, n = 107, 1.02 +/- 0.18 pmol/oocyte; NCSU-pFF, n = 134, 0.71 +/- 0.08 pmol/oocyte). Intracellular ATP content does not appear to be related to developmental potential in porcine oocytes. Low intracellular GSH may be responsible, in part, for lower developmental competence observed in in vitro matured porcine oocytes.
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PMID:Glutathione and adenosine triphosphate content of in vivo and in vitro matured porcine oocytes. 1258 61

Spore-extracted toxins of the indoor mold Stachybotrys chartarum (SC) caused cytotoxicity (release of lactate dehydrogenase), inhibition of cell proliferation, and cell death in murine alveolar macrophage cell line MH-S in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptotic cell death, confirmed based on morphological changes, DNA ladder formation, and caspase 3/7 activation, was detectable as early as at 3 h during treatment with a toxin concentration of 1 spore equivalent/macrophage and was preceded by DNA damage beginning at 15 min, as evidenced by DNA comet formation in single cell gel electrophoresis assay. The apoptotic dose of SC toxins did not induce detectable nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) but showed exacerbated cytotoxicity in presence of a non-apoptotic dose of the known pro-inflammatory agent LPS (10 ng/ml). Intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level showed a significant decrease beginning at 9 h of the toxin treatment whereas oxidized glutathione (GSSG) showed a corresponding significant increase, indicating a delayed onset of oxidative stress in the apoptosis process. The toxin-treated macrophages accumulated p53, an indicator of DNA damage response, and showed activation of the stress-inducible MAP kinases, JNK, and p38, in a time-dependent manner. Chemical blocking of either p38 or p53 inhibited in part the SC toxin-induced apoptosis whereas blocking of JNK did not show any such effect. This study constitutes the first report on induction of DNA damage and associated p53 activation by SC toxins, and demonstrates the involvement of p38- and p53-mediated signaling events in SC toxin-induced apoptosis of alveolar macrophages.
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PMID:DNA damage, redox changes, and associated stress-inducible signaling events underlying the apoptosis and cytotoxicity in murine alveolar macrophage cell line MH-S by methanol-extracted Stachybotrys chartarum toxins. 1647 59

Polyphenols represent a large class of plant-derived molecules with a general chemical structure that act as potent free radical scavengers. They have long been recognized to possess several therapeutic activities ranging from anti-thrombotic to antioxidant. Moreover, the capability of polyphenols to act as reducing or oxidizing molecules depends on the presence of environmental metals and on the concentrations used. In this work we demonstrated that the stilbene trans-resveratrol was able to commit human breast cancer MCF-7 cells to apoptosis. Mainly, we evidenced a pivotal role of the mitochondria in this phenomenon as cytochrome c release into the cytosol was found after the treatment. We further showed that trans-resveratrol was able to affect cellular redox state. In particular, it induced an early production of ROS and lipid oxidation, and only later compromised the GSH/GSSG ratio. This mode of action was mirrored by a temporally different activation of JNK and p38(MAPK), with the former rapidly induced and the latter weakly activated at long intervals. The results obtained demonstrate a pro-apoptotic activity for trans-resveratrol, and suggest a preferential activation of different classes of MAP kinases in response to different oxidative stimuli (ROS versus GSH/GSSG alteration).
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PMID:trans-Resveratrol induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MCF-7 by the activation of MAP kinases pathways. 1885 Jan 84

Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) possesses glutathione transferase and peroxidase activities and is active in biotransformation of xenobiotics and in defense against oxidative stress. To assess MGST1 role in the development and functioning of PC12 cells, we constructed a cell line with reduced MGST1 (PC12_M). Real-time PCR and immunoblot assays showed MGST1 expression lowered to 60 % and immunocytochemical analyses demonstrated an altered concentration and distribution of the enzyme. PC12_M cells revealed a larger tendency to grow in clusters, weaker adhesion, irregular shape of bodies, short neurite outgrowth and higher percentage of necrotic cells (34 %). The total GSTs activity determined with non-specific substrate CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) decreased by 15-20 %, whereas that with DCNB (2,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene), a substrate more specific for cytosolic GSTs, was similar to the one in control cells. This suggests that reduction of MGST1 cannot be compensated by other glutathione transferases. In PC12_M cells the total glutathione content was higher by 15-20 %, whereas the GSSG/GSH ratio was lower than in control cells. Moreover, the laminin-dependent migration rate was much faster in control cells than in PC12_M, suggesting some alterations in the metastatic potential of the line with suppressed MGST1. The amount of MAP kinases (p38, JNK, ERK1/2) was elevated in PC12_M cells but their phosphorylation level declined. Microarray analysis showed changed expression of several genes, which may be linked with differentiation and necrosis of PC12_M cells. Our data suggest that MGST1 could be an important regulator of PC12 cells development and might have significant effects on cell growth and proliferation, probably through altered expression of genes with different biological function.
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PMID:Functional characteristic of PC12 cells with reduced microsomal glutathione transferase 1. 2116 44