Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.11.18 (MAP)
 7,412 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper is an attempt to model the UBC (University of British Columbia) MAP (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate) fluidized bed crystallizer. A mathematical model is developed based on the assumption of perfect size classification of struvitre crystals in the reactor and considering the movement of liquid phase as a plug flow pattern. The model predicts variation of species concentration of struvite along the crystal bed height. The species concentrations at two extreme ends (inlet and outlet) are then used to evaluate the reactor performance. The model predictions provide a reasonable good fit with the experimental results for both PO4-P and NH4-N removals. Another important aspect of this model is its capability of predicting the crystals size and the bed voidage at different height of the reactor. Those predictions also match fairly well with the experimental observations. Therefore, this model can be used as a tool for performance evaluation of the reactor and can also be extended to optimize the struvite crystallization process in the UBC MAP reactor.
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PMID:Phosphorus recovery from anaerobic digester supernatant by struvite crystallization: model-based evaluation of a fluidized bed reactor. 1884 73

This paper is an attempt to model the hydrodynamics of the UBC (University of British Columbia) MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) fluidized bed crystallizer. In this study, a numerical investigation of hydrodynamics of the UBC MAP crystallizer was performed, using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Fluent 6.3. One of the main findings of this modelling effort is the relative distribution of the different phases, in this case solids (struvite crystals) and liquid (water), within the reactor. This information is very important, in the sense that it helps fixing the size of the crystallizer, which can be a significant factor, affecting the total cost of the process. Another finding of this simulation is the volume fraction distribution of the different sizes of solid particles, which actually provides insight into the hydrodynamics of the reactor and will fill up the knowledge gap in developing an overall mechanistic model for the crystallizer.
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PMID:Recovering nutrients from wastewater treatment plants through struvite crystallization: CFD modelling of the hydrodynamics of UBC MAP fluidized-bed crystallizer. 1947 81

Quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) is a powerful tool for the measurement of gene expression; however, the accuracy of this approach depends on the stability of reference genes. The objective of the present study was to identify the stable reference genes in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), a principal cool-season forage grass in the world. Ten candidate reference genes were selected in this study including ATP-binding [ABC], actin [ACTIN], cyclophilin [CYP2], glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], beta-amylase 4 [BAM4], zeitlupe [ZTL], MAP Kinase 4 [MPK4], ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme [UBC], S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [SAMDC], and translationally controlled tumor protein [TCTP]. The candidate genes were assessed in orchardgrass leaves and roots under conditions of drought, high salinity, heat, waterlogging, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. We used GeNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and RefFinder for qRT-PCR normalization and validation to determine that the expression of these reference genes was stress-dependent. ACTIN, CYP2, and ABC were found to be the most stably expressed genes for drought stress while ACTIN, TCTP, and ABC were the most stable under salt stress. ACTIN, CYP2, and ABC were all found to be good reference genes for studying heat stress. Likewise, CYP2, MPK4, and ABC were most suitable to study waterlogging, and ACTIN, CYP2, and MPK4 were determined as the three best reference genes for ABA studies. Our study identified and validated the possible reference genes in orchardgrass that may be used for quantification of target gene expression under various abiotic stresses.
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PMID:Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR in orchardgrass subjected to various abiotic stresses. 2530 67