Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.11.18 (MAP)
 7,412 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of anesthetics on hemodynamic variables (HV) has been clarified, but ambiguity existed concerning their effect on oxygenation variables (OV). Radical cystectomy provided a clinical setting for studying the effect of anesthetics on perioperative HV and OV. Patients subjected to radical cystectomy (n = 33) were assigned through balanced randomization to receive one of four anesthetic modalities, namely; group I: inhalation anesthesia using N2O:O2, halothane, d-tubocurarine (n = 11); group II: inhalation anesthesia using N2O:O2, halothane, d-tubocurarine, and supplemented with epidural analgesia (EA) (n = 11); group III: total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using ketamine 10-30 ug.kg-1.min-1, propofol 2 mg.kg-1.h-1, d-tubocurarine, and supplemented with continuous EA (n = 6): and group IV:TIVA using ketamine 20-50 ug.kg-1.min-1, midazolam in increments of 1.5 to 5 mg, and supplemented with intermittent EA (n = 5). Monitoring entailed continuous ECG, pulse oximerty, invasive arterial pressure, and pulmonary artery catheter for HV (HR, MAP, PAP, PAOP, CO, SVR, and PVR) and OV. (PaO2, SaO2, PvO2, SvO2, a-vDO2, O2ext, Qs/Qt, DO2, and VO2). The heart rate was lower in TIVA while other HV did not show striking differences, Group I showed higher arterial oxygen tension than group II and IV. Mixed venous oxygen tension and saturation were higher in group I over group IV. Other OV did not show remarkable differences. In conclusion, HV and OV in 4 anesthetic modalities did not elicit striking differences.
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PMID:Hemodynamic and oxygenation variables during radical cystectomy. Does the anesthetic technique really matter? 747 38

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide that elicited both vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses in anesthetized pigs. Within 1.0 min after the first injection of ET-1 (0.4 nmol/kg, intravenously, i.v.) there was a transient decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP 82 +/- 4 to 64 +/- 5 mm Hg; p < or = 0.01). The vasodepressor response was accompanied by reductions in left ventricular (LV) + dp/dtmax (1,834 +/- 104 to 1,493 +/- 87 mm Hg/s, p < or = 0.001), LV - dp/dt (2,600 +/- 149 to 1,865 +/- 136 mm Hg/s; p < or = 0.001) and cardiac output (CO 2.6 +/- 0.1 to 2.0 +/- 0.1 L/min, p < or = 0.001). The short (< 3.0 min) vasodilatory phase was followed by a prolonged (> 15 min) vasopressor response in which MAP (82 +/- 4 to 103 +/- 5 mm Hg; p < or = 0.001) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP 11 +/- 1 to 15 +/- 1 mm Hg; p < or = 0.01) increased. With each subsequent dose (0.4 nmol/kg i.v.) of ET-1, the initial vasodilatory component diminished progressively, only a monophasic vasoconstrictor response was observed after the fourth dose. The reductions in CO progressively decreased from 2.6 to 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.1 L/min (p < or = 0.001) by the end of the experiment. In contrast to the systemic circulation effects, ET-1 produced consistent and reproducible reductions in renal blood flow (RBF 105 +/- 16 to 21 +/- 6 mm Hg; p < or = 0.004) that lasted approximately 30 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dual cardiovascular effects of endothelin-1 dissociated by BQ-153, a novel ETA receptor antagonist. 752 41

Ventricular arrhythmias and disturbed autonomic control, as reflected by abnormal heart rate variability (HRV), are related to hemodynamic impairment in chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated the effects of orally (p.o.) administered isomazole, a new phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with calcium-sensitizing properties, on hemodynamics, ventricular arrhythmias, and HRV and examined a possible interaction between these parameters. Hemodynamic measurements and ambulatory ECG monitoring were performed in 12 patients with stable CHF class III-IV after single doses of isomazole 5-30 mg. Pulmonary wedge pressure decreased after 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg, but cardiac output, (CO) increased only after the higher doses [20 mg, + 20% (p = 0.031)] of isomazole. HR did not change. Mean arterial and pulmonary artery pressure, (MAP, PAP) decreased significantly in the 10- and 20-mg groups [10 mg, -6% (p = 0.035) and -14% (p < 0.001) respectively; 20 mg, -13% (p = 0.047) and -31% (p = 0.006), respectively]. Isomazole did not exert a significant effect on ventricular arrhythmias in the subsequent 24 h after acute dosing. Analysis of HRV showed that rMSSD and pNN50 (parameters of vagal tone) tended to increase after isomazole administration. Normalized high-frequency power during the day increased from 17.4 to 22.3 nu (p < 0.05), whereas low frequency tended to decrease from 52.7 to 48.2 nu (p = 0.06). Acute isomazole administration improves hemodynamics but has no effect on ventricular arrhythmias. The HRV variability data suggest development of an increase in vagal control of HR, parallel to the acute hemodynamic improvement after isomazole. Withdrawal of vagal control of HR in CHF may be a reversible process.
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PMID:Exploratory study of the effects of single doses of isomazole on hemodynamics and heart rate variability parameters in chronic heart failure. 772 57

Continuous pump-driven veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) has become an established method for treatment of acute renal failure (ARF). Since severe disturbances of (micro-) circulation are intimately involved in the bad outcome of these patients, the profile of endocrinological regulators of circulation was prospectively and serially measured in patients undergoing pump-driven CVVH (n = 15). 15 patients with similar APACHE II score, but without ARF and without CVVH were also studied. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), vasopressin, renin, and catecholamine (epinephrine, norepinephrine) plasma levels were measured before start of CVVH (= "baseline") (in the non-CVVH patients: admission to intensive care unit) and during the next 5 days. Various hemodynamic parameters were additionally monitored. MAP, HR, PAP, CI, and right ventricular hemodynamics (RVEF, RVEDV, RVESV) remained almost unchanged in the CVVH patients and were without differences to the non-CVVH group within the entire investigation period. PCWP and RAP were higher in the CVVH patients already at baseline (RAP, 17.8 +/- 4.0 mmHg; PCWP, 22.1 +/- 4.5 mmHg) (p < .02) and remained elevated in the further course of the investigation. Renin plasma level was higher already at baseline in the CVVH patients (907 +/- 184 pg/ml) (p < .05) and further increased during CVVH (to 1453 +/- 186 pg/mL). Vasopressin increased only in the CVVH group (from 3.80 +/- .66 to 11.85 +/- 1.05 pg/mL) (p < .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in regulators of circulation in patients undergoing continuous pump-driven veno-venous hemofiltration. 2597 10

In an intensive-care setting we studied the effects of ketoprofen, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, on circulatory and respiratory changes during established endotoxic shock in sheep. Two groups (n = 7 in each) were exposed to E. coli endotoxin, which caused a sharp increase in pulmonary artery pressure (200%; PAP), intrapulmonary shunt fraction (300%; QS/QT%), and oxygen extraction ratio (50%; VO2/DO2%). There was also a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (25%; MAP), respiratory compliance (60%; CT), arterial oxygen tension (65%; PaO2), and oxygen delivery index (15%; DO2) in both groups. After 30 min of endotoxin infusion, group K received ketoprofen, 2.5 mg/kg b.w. i.v., while group E served as shock controls. After 4 h there had been a significant improvement in MAP, PaO2, DO2, QS/QT%, and CT in the ketoprofen-treated group compared with the controls (P < 0.01). In addition, the oxygen extraction ratio normalised in group K, but remained 70-100% increased in group E (P < 0.01). The wet-to-dry weight ratios of the lungs and the liver were significantly lower in the ketoprofen-treated group compared with the controls (P < 0.05). It was concluded that ketoprofen significantly ameliorated the respiratory and circulatory effects of established endotoxic shock in sheep.
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PMID:Amelioration of respiratory and circulatory changes in established endotoxic shock by ketoprofen. 814 Aug 70

The hemodynamic effects of argon pneumoperitoneum were studied to define its possible role as an alternative gas for intraperitoneal insufflation during minimally invasive surgery. Adult pigs were anesthetized and placed on mechanical ventilation. Parameters measured or determined included mean arterial (MAP), pulmonary arterial (PAP), pulmonary arterial wedge (PAWP), right atrial (CVP), and inferior vena cava venous (IVC) pressures, total excretion of CO2 (VCO2), oxygen consumption (VO2), minute ventilation, and arterial blood gases. Also determined were cardiac output, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance all indexed to weight (CI, SVI, SVRI). Data were recorded during a 1-h baseline, 2 h of insufflation with argon gas at a constant pressure of 15 mmHg, and 1 h recovery after desufflation. There was no significant change from baseline in VCO2, VO2, MAP, PAP, PAWP, CVP, PaCO2, or arterial pH. Argon pneumoperitoneum significantly increased systemic vascular resistance index and exerted a depressant effect on stroke volume index and cardiac index by 25% and 30% from baseline values, respectively (P < 0.05). Inferior vena cava pressure increased as a reflection of the intraabdominal pressure. Argon insufflation had no effect on respiratory function. Argon gas may not be physiologically inert, and in patients with cardiovascular disease its effects may be clinically important.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of argon pneumoperitoneum. 820 3

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 20% marine salt as compared with 20% NaCl solution, on the circulatory dynamics in hemorrhagic shock using mongrel dogs. Ten mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two groups. One treated with 20% marine salt, and the other treated with 20% NaCl. Modified Wigger's method was used to induce hemorrhagic shock. Hypotension was kept at 45 mmHg for 45 minutes and then 1.5 ml.kg-1 of 20% marine salt or 20% NaCl was injected intravenously in bolus. Twenty percent marine salt reduced total peripheral resistance and increased cardiac output with statistically significant difference compared with 20% NaCl. There were increases in MAP, PAP and PWP without statistic differences between the two groups. These results suggest that 20% marine salt, including various trace elements, is superior to 20% NaCl in improving cardiac output and TPR during hemorrhagic shock.
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PMID:[Comparative study of 20% marine salt and 20% NaCl on circulatory dynamics during hemorrhagic shock in dogs]. 830 59

Two groups of eight anesthetized dogs with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) were compared. PAH was induced by submitting one group (HP) to hypoxia (FiO2 range: 6-10%) and the other group (ME) to microemboli through glass microbead injection into the pulmonary circulation. Hypoxia-induced PAH was moderate (PAP: +65%; PVR: +152%) contrasting with marked PAH after microbead injection (PAP: +190%; PVR: +389%). For similar effects on left ventricular contractility (LV dP/dt max and segmental myocardial shortening), heart rate and systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure showed significant differences between the two groups (HP group: +75%, ME group: -9%), and so did left ventricular end-diastolic length (HP: +9%, ME: -11%). Thus, contrary to the injection of microbeads, hypoxia did not give rise to any pulmonary barrier, and consequently the changes in cardiac output (HP: +19%, ME: -15%) and hepatic blood flow (HP: +383%, ME: -77%) were significantly different. Hypoxia, and not microbead injection, was responsible for systemic hypertension (MAP: +34% and -4%, respectively). The microbead model resulted in a significantly higher PVR/SVR ratio compared to the hypoxic model (HP: 0.14, ME: 0.41). Hypoxia increased left and right myocardial blood flows whereas microbead injection affected only right ventricular blood flow, leading to significantly different RV/LV endocardial perfusion ratios (HP: +10%, ME: +98%). We conclude that microbead-induced PAH is more appropriate than hypoxia-induced PAH for hemodynamic and pharmacological studies.
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PMID:Comparison between acute hypoxia-induced and mechanically-induced pulmonary artery hypertension on the hemodynamics, myocardial contractility and regional blood flow in dogs. 880 76

Activation of thrombin and of the coagulation system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated organ dysfunction. Antithrombin III (AT III) is a natural inhibitor of thrombin, a central procoagulatory factor with pleiotropic activities. Experimental supplementation of AT III improved coagulation parameters and ameliorated organ dysfunction. To determine whether long-term AT III supplementation has beneficial effects on organ function, we conducted a randomized, prospective study in surgical patients with severe sepsis. The study evaluated the long-term effect of AT III supplementation (duration of treatment: 14 days). After randomization (AT III vs. control group), AT III was infused continuously over 14 days to obtain plasma AT III activities > 120%. Forty consecutive patients were recruited (20 AT III/20 control group). Eleven patients had a rapid fatal course and did not met the criterion of a 14 day treatment period. From these 11 patients, 8 patients (5 AT III/3 control group) died within 72 h due to septic shock. The remaining 14 AT III patients and 15 controls survived 14 days and showed no differences in baseline parameters of organ function. AT III caused a disappearance of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in all patients with DIC, whereas in control patients, the frequency of DIC remained constant (p < .05). In AT III patients a progressive increase in oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) and a continuous decrease in pulmonary hypertension index (mean pulmonary artery pressure/mean arterial pressure (PAP/MAP) ratio) indicated an improvement of lung function (p < .05 vs. control). AT III prevented the continuous rise in total serum bilirubin concentration observed in control patients and diminished the frequency of artificial renal support therapy (p < .05). Long-term supplementation with AT III may improve lung function and prevent the development of septic liver and kidney failure in patients with severe sepsis.
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PMID:Antithrombin III supplementation in severe sepsis: beneficial effects on organ dysfunction. 936 42

To isolate a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) gene, six plant species were surveyed for antiviral activity. Crude proteins extracted from these plants were tested for the antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Nicotiana glutinosa. All the plants, Spinacia oleracea, Amaranthus lividus, Dianthus superbus, Dianthus sinensis and Celosia cristata, with an exception of Oenanthe stolonifera, presented 70-90% inhibition of viral infectivity. In an attempt to search for the RIP gene from D. sinensis, partial cDNA was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the poly(A)+ RNA from D. sinensis leaves. DNA gel blot analysis showed that D. sinensis has multi-copy RIP genes. The expression of RIP gene was investigated in the flower, leaf, root and stem of D. sinensis, and was found to be most abundant in the leaf. Using the partial cDNA as a probe, seven full-length cDNAs were isolated from a library prepared from D. sinensis leaves. They were divided into three groups on the basis of their nucleotide sequence homology. The three representative clones, cDsRIP1, cDsRIP2 and cDsRIP3 were completely sequenced. They all had an open reading frame of 882 bp. The cDsRIP2 showed 79% homology with dianthin 30 and saporin genes; 59% with PAP and Mirabilis antiviral protein MAP genes. From the analysis of deduced amino acid sequences, it was predicted that D. sinensis RIP cDNAs might have a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acid residues at their N-terminus. When the cDNA was expressed in E. coli, the bacteria was unable to grow upon IPTG induction, suggesting that expression of the gene renders toxicity to E. coli cells.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding ribosome inactivating protein from Dianthus sinensis L. 1085 Jun 53


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